摘要

超聲波探傷儀是目前工業(yè)制造和現(xiàn)代化檢測的重要途徑之一，廣泛的應(yīng)用在質(zhì)量檢測和產(chǎn)品檢測中，通過使用其產(chǎn)品能夠有效地降低產(chǎn)品次品的風險。盡管隨著電子技術(shù)的發(fā)展， 國內(nèi)出現(xiàn)了一些數(shù)字化的超聲檢測儀器，但其數(shù)據(jù)處理及擴展能力有限，缺乏足夠的靈活性。本設(shè)計超聲檢測技術(shù)，基于AT89C52單片機開發(fā)的超聲探傷儀智能系統(tǒng)的硬件組成、軟件設(shè)計和抗干擾措施, 以脈沖反射式超聲探傷儀為代表研制完成一個良好的數(shù)字化的超聲檢測平臺，該系統(tǒng)具有測量、數(shù)字顯示、A/D轉(zhuǎn)換等功能, 并具有工作穩(wěn)定、性能好等優(yōu)點。為以后進一步的更深入的超聲數(shù)字信號處理研究打下了良好的基礎(chǔ)。

超聲檢測是無損檢測的主要技術(shù)之一，已被廣泛地應(yīng)用于在線質(zhì)量控制、在役設(shè)備和關(guān)鍵零部件的安全檢測之中。超聲波探傷儀作為超聲波檢測技術(shù)實現(xiàn)的載體，在超聲波檢測中具有重要的研究意義。為提高超聲檢測的可靠性和效率，開發(fā)研制數(shù)字化、智能化、自動化、圖像化的超聲波無損探傷系統(tǒng)是當今無損檢測技術(shù)的必然趨勢。

本文主要介紹超聲波透射式探傷儀的設(shè)計，首先介紹超聲波檢測的基本原理以及其發(fā)展歷史、目前現(xiàn)狀等。然后對設(shè)計中的數(shù)字式超聲波探傷儀的總體設(shè)計及各功能模塊進行了探討，確定了探傷儀設(shè)計的解決方案并對系統(tǒng)解決方案中的主控芯片和可編程邏輯控制芯片進行了選型。之后重點研究數(shù)字化超聲波探傷儀系統(tǒng)的硬件設(shè)計，包括超聲波的發(fā)射電路，接收電路，信號調(diào)理電路以及數(shù)據(jù)采集處理系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計和實現(xiàn)。最后介紹了數(shù)字超聲無損探傷儀系統(tǒng)的軟件設(shè)計，對系統(tǒng)軟件設(shè)計的總體流程、超聲波激勵脈沖信號產(chǎn)生、數(shù)據(jù)采集系統(tǒng)的邏輯控制以及回波信號的數(shù)據(jù)處理進行了介紹。

關(guān)鍵詞：無損檢測；超聲波探傷；AT89C52；信號調(diào)理，高速數(shù)據(jù)采集

?

Abstract

Ultrasonic nondestructive testing is one of the most widely used nondestructive testing methods in modern industrial production. It is of great significance to improve the quality and reliability of products.With the development of electronic technology, some digital ultrasonic testing instruments have appeared in China, but their data processing and expansion capabilities are limited and they lack sufficient flexibility.Ultrasonic testing technology, the design of ultrasonic flaw detector intelligent system based on AT89C52 single chip microcomputer development hardware composition, software design and anti-interference measures, represented by the pulse reflection type ultrasonic flaw detector was developed to complete A good platform for the digital ultrasonic testing, the system has measurement, digital display, A/D conversion, and other functions, and has the advantages of working stability, good performance.It lays a good foundation for further research on ultrasonic digital signal processing.

Ultrasonic testing is one of the main techniques of nondestructive testing. It has been widely used in online quality control, in-service equipment and safety testing of key parts.As the carrier of ultrasonic testing technology, ultrasonic flaw detector has important research significance in ultrasonic testing.In order to improve the reliability and efficiency of ultrasonic testing, it is an inevitable trend to develop a digital, intelligent, automatic and pictorial ultrasonic nondestructive testing system.

This paper mainly introduces the design of ultrasonic transmissive flaw detector, first introduces the basic principle of ultrasonic testing and its development history and present situation.Then, the overall design and functional modules of the digital ultrasonic flaw detector are discussed, the design solution of the flaw detector is determined, and the main control chip and the programmable logic control chip in the system solution are selected.Then the hardware design of the digital ultrasonic flaw detector system was studied, including the design and implementation of the transmitting circuit, the receiving circuit, the signal conditioning circuit and the data acquisition and processing system.Finally, the software design of digital ultrasonic nondestructive flaw detector system is introduced, and the overall process of system software design, the generation of ultrasonic excitation pulse signal, the logic control of data acquisition system and the data processing of echo signal are introduced.

Keywords: Nondestructive testing;Ultrasonic testing;AT89C52.Signal conditioning, high-speed data acquisition

目錄

摘要............................................................................................................................. I

Abstract................................................................................................................... III

第一章 緒論............................................................................................................. 1

1.1研究目的與意義........................................................................................ 1

1.2超聲波檢測技術(shù)的發(fā)展............................................................................ 3

1.3超聲波探傷儀的發(fā)展................................................................................ 6

1.4課題研究內(nèi)容及章節(jié)安排........................................................................ 8

第二章 超聲波檢測基本原理及方法................................................................... 8

2.1超聲波的基本性質(zhì).................................................................................... 8

2.1.1超聲波的速度及波長.................................................................... 9

2.1.2超聲波的衰減................................................................................. 9

2.2超聲換能器................................................................................................. 9

2.2.1超聲換能器的定義......................................................................... 9

2.2.2超聲換能器的主要性能參數(shù)...................................................... 10

2.3超聲波探傷的原理.................................................................................. 10

2.3.1超聲波探傷方法的分類.............................................................. 10

2.3.2透射式檢測方法........................................................................... 10

2.4機械振動與超聲波.................................................................................. 12

2.4.1超聲場的基本物理量和超聲波波型......................................... 12

2.4.2金屬探傷中的超聲波波型.......................................................... 13

2.5超聲場及介質(zhì)的聲參量.......................................................................... 14

2.5.1描述超聲場的物理量.................................................................. 14

2.5.2介質(zhì)的聲參量............................................................................... 15

第三章 系統(tǒng)硬件整體結(jié)構(gòu)框圖及設(shè)計............................................................. 15

3.1系統(tǒng)硬件整體結(jié)構(gòu)框圖.......................................................................... 15

3.2主控制器設(shè)計.......................................................................................... 16

3.2.1芯片介紹....................................................................................... 16

3.2.2時鐘電路設(shè)計............................................................................... 19

3.2.3復位電路設(shè)計............................................................................... 19

3.3超聲波控制電路...................................................................................... 20

3.3.1超聲波傳感器............................................................................... 20

3.3.2超聲波電路設(shè)計........................................................................... 21

3.4報警電路................................................................................................... 21

3.5顯示電路設(shè)計......................................................................................... 22

第四章 系統(tǒng)軟件部分設(shè)計.................................................................................. 24

4.1主程序流程圖.......................................................................................... 24

4.2 程序設(shè)計.................................................................................................. 25

第五章 系統(tǒng)仿真調(diào)試部分.................................................................................. 32

5.1? 軟件研發(fā)的背景................................................................................... 32

5.2? 軟件程序設(shè)計....................................................................................... 33

5.3? 基于Proteus電路圖繪制.................................................................... 34

第六章 結(jié)束語....................................................................................................... 35

參考文獻................................................................................................................. 37

致謝.......................................................................................................................... 39