什么是圖像拼接？

圖像拼接是指將多張圖片按照一定的規(guī)則和算法進行組合，形成一張大圖的過程。在實際應(yīng)用中，常常需要將多張拍攝的圖片拼接成一幅完整的場景或物體照片。

圖像拼接是一個圖像處理過程中常見的應(yīng)用場景。我們可以通過opencv庫非常容易實現(xiàn)多個圖像的橫向或者縱向的拼接。

使用的opencv函數(shù)或者類

Mat類

[C++] opencv - Mat類的介紹和使用場景-CSDN博客

copyTo函數(shù)

[C++] opencv - copyTo函數(shù)介紹和使用案例-CSDN博客

convertTo函數(shù)

[C++] opencv - convertTo函數(shù)介紹和使用場景-CSDN博客

imwrite函數(shù)

[C++] opencv - imwrite函數(shù)介紹和使用場景_c++ opencv imwrite-CSDN博客

imread函數(shù)

[C++] opencv - imwrite函數(shù)介紹和使用場景_c++ opencv imwrite-CSDN博客

源代碼

/**
 * 處理結(jié)果，可用于表示某個方法的處理狀態(tài)。
*/
struct ProcResult
{
    int StatusCode; // 狀態(tài)碼
    std::string StatusDetail; // 狀態(tài)詳細(xì)信息，可以用來提供與對應(yīng)狀態(tài)的詳細(xì)信息
};


struct ImageCombinerParam
{
    std::vector<std::string> subImagePaths; // 要進行拼接的圖像路徑的列表
    std::vector<cv::Mat> subImageMats;  // 要進行拼接的圖像的列表
    bool byPath = true;  // 按照路徑subImagePaths來進行拼接，如果為false，則自己來設(shè)置subImageMats
    std::string saveImagePath;  // 拼接后圖像保存的路徑
    bool enableImgBoarder = false;  // 是否給要拼接的圖像，進行邊框繪制，方便觀察原始圖像在拼接完之后圖像中的位置
    int direction = 1; // 1 - 橫向， 2- 縱向
};

std::vector<std::string> Utils::findFilesByExt(const std::string dir, const std::string ext){
    std::vector<std::string> foundFiles;
    for (const auto& entry : fs::directory_iterator(dir)) {
        if (entry.is_regular_file() && entry.path().extension() == ext) {
            foundFiles.push_back(entry.path().string());
        }
    }
    return foundFiles;
};


cv::Vec3b CVHelper::getRandColor(){
    // 獲取當(dāng)前時間點
    auto now = std::chrono::system_clock::now();
    
    // 將時間點轉(zhuǎn)換為time_t類型
    std::time_t currentTime = std::chrono::system_clock::to_time_t(now);

    // 初始化隨機數(shù)種子
    // srand(static_cast<unsigned int>(currentTime)); 
    // srand(static_cast<unsigned int>(time(0)));

    // 生成隨機顏色
    cv::Vec3b randomColor(rand() % 256, rand() % 256, rand() % 256);
    // cv::Scalar randomColor(rand() % 256, rand() % 256, rand() % 256);

    return randomColor;
};

ProcResult ImageCombiner::combineSubImages(ImageCombinerParam param){
    ProcResult result;
    if((param.byPath && param.subImagePaths.size() <= 0) || (!param.byPath && param.subImageMats.size() <=0)){
        std::cerr << "there is no images." << std::endl;
        result.StatusCode = 1;
        result.StatusDetail = "there is no images.";
        return result;
    }
    std::vector<cv::Mat> imageMats;
    if(param.byPath){
        for(size_t i = 0; i < param.subImagePaths.size(); i++){
            cv::Mat img = cv::imread(param.subImagePaths[i]);
            if(!img.empty()){
                if(imageMats.size() > 0 && img.type()!= imageMats[0].type()){
                    img.convertTo(img, imageMats[0].type());
                }
                imageMats.push_back(img);
            }else{
                std::string errMsg = "fail to read image. img_path:" + param.subImagePaths[i];
                SPDLOG_ERROR(errMsg);
            }
        }
    }else{
        imageMats = param.subImageMats;
    }

    if(param.byPath && imageMats.size() != param.subImagePaths.size()){
        result.StatusCode = 2;
        std::string errorMsg = "fail to read all images.";
        result.StatusDetail = errorMsg;
        return result;
    }else{
        if(fs::exists(param.saveImagePath)){
            fs::remove(param.saveImagePath);
        }
        fs::path savePath(param.saveImagePath);
        if(!fs::exists(savePath.parent_path())){
            fs::create_directories(savePath.parent_path());
        }
        if (param.direction == 1){ // 橫向合并
            int combinedWidth = 0;
            int combinedHeight = 0;
            for(size_t i = 0; i < imageMats.size(); i++){
                cv::Mat img = imageMats[i];
                combinedWidth += img.cols;
                if(img.rows > combinedHeight){
                    combinedHeight = img.rows;
                }
                if(param.enableImgBoarder){
                    cv::Vec3b randomColor = CVHelper::getRandColor();
                    cv::rectangle(img, cv::Point(0, 0), cv::Point(img.cols, img.rows),  randomColor, 5, cv::LINE_8);
                }
            }
    
            cv::Mat combinedImg = cv::Mat(combinedHeight, combinedWidth , imageMats[0].type(), cv::Scalar(0, 0, 0));
            int startX = 0;
            int startY = 0;
            for(size_t i = 0; i < imageMats.size(); i++){
                cv::Mat img = imageMats[i];
                imageMats[i].copyTo(combinedImg(cv::Rect(startX, startY, img.cols, img.rows)));
                startX += img.cols;
            }
            cv::imwrite(param.saveImagePath, combinedImg);
            result.StatusCode = common::STATUS_CODE_OK;
            result.StatusDetail = "combine success by cols";
            return result;
        }else{ // 縱向合并
            int combinedWidth = 0;
            int combinedHeight = 0;
            for(size_t i = 0; i < imageMats.size(); i++){
                cv::Mat img = imageMats[i];
                combinedHeight += img.rows;
                if(img.cols > combinedWidth){
                    combinedWidth = img.cols;
                }
                
                if(param.enableImgBoarder){
                    cv::Vec3b randomColor = CVHelper::getRandColor();
                    cv::rectangle(img, cv::Point(0, 0), cv::Point(img.cols, img.rows),  randomColor, 5, cv::LINE_8);
                }
            }
    
            cv::Mat combinedImg = cv::Mat(combinedHeight, combinedWidth , imageMats[0].type(), cv::Scalar(0, 0, 0));
            int startX = 0;
            int startY = 0;
            for(size_t i = 0; i < imageMats.size(); i++){
                cv::Mat img = imageMats[i];
                imageMats[i].copyTo(combinedImg(cv::Rect(startX, startY, img.cols, img.rows)));
                startY += img.rows;
            }
            
            cv::imwrite(param.saveImagePath, combinedImg);
            result.StatusCode = common::STATUS_CODE_OK;
            result.StatusDetail = "combine success by rows";
            return result;
        }
    }
};

測試代碼

測試代碼中使用了命令行參數(shù)，如何配置cxxopts，可以閱讀?[C++] 第三方庫命令行解析庫argparse和cxxopts介紹和使用-CSDN博客文章來源地址http://www.zghlxwxcb.cn/news/detail-801936.html

#include <filesystem>
#include <iostream>
#include <opencv2/opencv.hpp>
#include <algorithm.hpp>
#include <cxxopts.hpp>

using namespace cv;
using namespace std;
namespace fs = std::filesystem;
namespace fdect = flaw_detect;

int main(int argc,char **argv){
    try{
        cxxopts::Options options("combine_image", "Cut multiple images to a big by a image list");
        options.add_options()
            ("imgdir", "要合并的圖像所在目錄", cxxopts::value<std::string>()->default_value("D:/LocalTest/ResizeImages/img_for_combine"))
            ("img_bd", "是否給要合并的圖像添加邊框", cxxopts::value<bool>()->default_value("true"))
            ("reverse", "按圖像名稱進行倒序", cxxopts::value<bool>()->default_value("true"))
            ("savepath", "合并之后的圖像保存的路徑", cxxopts::value<std::string>()->default_value("D:/LocalTest/ResizeImages/resize_combined.bmp"))
            ("help", "使用幫助");
        
        auto cliArgs = options.parse(argc, argv);
        if (cliArgs.count("help"))
        {
            std::cout << options.help() << std::endl;
            exit(0);
        }
        std::string imgDir = cliArgs["imgdir"].as<std::string>();
        bool enableImgBorder =  cliArgs["img_bd"].as<bool>();
        bool reverse =  cliArgs["reverse"].as<bool>();
        std::string savePath = cliArgs["savepath"].as<std::string>();
        
        std::cout << "imgDir:" << imgDir << ", enableImgBorder:" << enableImgBorder << ", savePath:" << savePath 
        << std::endl;

        std::vector<std::string> imageFiles = fdect::common::Utils::findFilesByExt(imgDir, ".bmp");
        if (reverse){
            sort(imageFiles.rbegin(), imageFiles.rend());
        }else{
            sort(imageFiles.begin(), imageFiles.end());
        }
        fdect::algorithm::ImageCombinerParam param;
        param.subImagePaths = imageFiles;
        param.enableImgBoarder = enableImgBorder;
        param.saveImagePath = savePath;
        param.direction = 1;
        fdect::algorithm::ImageCombiner combiner;
        fdect::common::ProcResult result = combiner.combineSubImages(param);
        std::cout << "處理結(jié)果: (" << result.StatusCode << ", " << result.StatusDetail << ")" << std::endl;

        return 0;
    }catch( Exception e){
        std::cerr << "發(fā)生異常. 異常信息:" << e.what() << std::endl;
        return -1;
    }
}

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