kvm虛擬化
1. 虛擬化介紹
虛擬化是云計算的基礎(chǔ)。簡單的說，虛擬化使得在一臺物理的服務(wù)器上可以跑多臺虛擬機(jī)，虛擬機(jī)共享物理機(jī)的 CPU、內(nèi)存、IO 硬件資源，但邏輯上虛擬機(jī)之間是相互隔離的。
物理機(jī)我們一般稱為宿主機(jī)（Host），宿主機(jī)上面的虛擬機(jī)稱為客戶機(jī)（Guest）。
那么 Host 是如何將自己的硬件資源虛擬化，并提供給 Guest 使用的呢？
這個主要是通過一個叫做 Hypervisor 的程序?qū)崿F(xiàn)的。
根據(jù) Hypervisor 的實現(xiàn)方式和所處的位置，虛擬化又分為兩種：
- 全虛擬化
- 半虛擬化
全虛擬化：
Hypervisor 直接安裝在物理機(jī)上，多個虛擬機(jī)在 Hypervisor 上運行。Hypervisor 實現(xiàn)方式一般是一個特殊定制的 Linux 系統(tǒng)。Xen 和 VMWare 的 ESXi 都屬于這個類型
半虛擬化：
物理機(jī)上首先安裝常規(guī)的操作系統(tǒng)，比如 Redhat、Ubuntu 和 Windows。Hypervisor 作為 OS 上的一個程序模塊運行，并對管理虛擬機(jī)進(jìn)行管理。KVM、VirtualBox 和 VMWare Workstation 都屬于這個類型
理論上講：
全虛擬化一般對硬件虛擬化功能進(jìn)行了特別優(yōu)化，性能上比半虛擬化要高；
半虛擬化因為基于普通的操作系統(tǒng)，會比較靈活，比如支持虛擬機(jī)嵌套。嵌套意味著可以在KVM虛擬機(jī)中再運行KVM。
2. kvm介紹
kVM 全稱是 Kernel-Based Virtual Machine。也就是說 KVM 是基于 Linux 內(nèi)核實現(xiàn)的。
KVM有一個內(nèi)核模塊叫 kvm.ko，只用于管理虛擬 CPU 和內(nèi)存。
那 IO 的虛擬化，比如存儲和網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)備則是由 Linux 內(nèi)核與Qemu來實現(xiàn)。
作為一個 Hypervisor，KVM 本身只關(guān)注虛擬機(jī)調(diào)度和內(nèi)存管理這兩個方面。IO 外設(shè)的任務(wù)交給 Linux 內(nèi)核和 Qemu。
大家在網(wǎng)上看 KVM 相關(guān)文章的時候肯定經(jīng)常會看到 Libvirt 這個東西。
Libvirt 就是 KVM 的管理工具。
其實，Libvirt 除了能管理 KVM 這種 Hypervisor，還能管理 Xen，VirtualBox 等。
Libvirt 包含 3 個東西：后臺 daemon 程序 libvirtd、API 庫和命令行工具 virsh
- libvirtd是服務(wù)程序，接收和處理 API 請求；
- API 庫使得其他人可以開發(fā)基于 Libvirt 的高級工具，比如 virt-manager，這是個圖形化的 KVM 管理工具；
- virsh 是我們經(jīng)常要用的 KVM 命令行工具
3. kvm部署
環(huán)境說明：
| 系統(tǒng)類型 | IP |
|---|---|
| RHEL7 | 172.16.12.128 |
3.1 kvm安裝
部署前請確保你的CPU虛擬化功能已開啟。分為兩種情況：
- 虛擬機(jī)要關(guān)機(jī)設(shè)置CPU虛擬化
- 物理機(jī)要在BIOS里開啟CPU虛擬化
//關(guān)閉防火墻與SELINUX
[root@kvm ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
[root@kvm ~]# systemctl disable firewalld
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service.
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.
[root@kvm ~]# setenforce 0
[root@kvm ~]# sed -ri 's/^(SELINUX=).*/\1disabled/g' /etc/selinux/config
[root@localhost ~]# reboot
//配置網(wǎng)絡(luò)源
[root@kvm yum.repos.d]# curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS7-Base-163.repo http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-Base-163.repo
[root@kvm ~]# sed -i 's/\$releasever/7/g' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS7-Base-163.repo
[root@kvm ~]# sed -i 's/^enabled=.*/enabled=1/g' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS7-Base-163.repo
[root@kvm ~]# yum -y install epel-release vim wget net-tools unzip zip gcc gcc-c++
安裝過程略.....
//驗證CPU是否支持KVM；如果結(jié)果中有vmx（Intel）或svm(AMD)字樣，就說明CPU的支持的
[root@kvm ~]# egrep -o 'vmx|svm' /proc/cpuinfo
vmx
vmx
vmx
vmx
//kvm安裝
[root@kvm ~]# yum -y install qemu-kvm qemu-kvm-tools qemu-img virt-manager libvirt libvirt-python libvirt-client virt-install virt-viewer bridge-utils libguestfs-tools
安裝過程略......
//因為虛擬機(jī)中網(wǎng)絡(luò)，我們一般都是和公司的其他服務(wù)器是同一個網(wǎng)段，所以我們需要把 \
KVM服務(wù)器的網(wǎng)卡配置成橋接模式。這樣的話KVM的虛擬機(jī)就可以通過該橋接網(wǎng)卡和公司內(nèi)部 \
其他服務(wù)器處于同一網(wǎng)段
//此處我的網(wǎng)卡是ens33，所以用br0來橋接ens33網(wǎng)卡
[root@kvm ~]# cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/
[root@kvm network-scripts]# ls
ifcfg-ens33 ifdown-isdn ifup ifup-plip ifup-tunnel
ifcfg-lo ifdown-post ifup-aliases ifup-plusb
.....此處內(nèi)容省略
[root@kvm network-scripts]# cp ifcfg-ens33 ifcfg-br0
[root@kvm network-scripts]# cat ifcfg-br0
TYPE=Bridge
DEVICE=br0
NM_CONTROLLED=no
BOOTPROTO=static
NAME=br0
ONBOOT=yes
IPADDR=192.168.160.109
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
GATEWAY=192.168.160.1
DNS1=114.114.114.114
DNS2=8.8.8.8
[root@kvm network-scripts]# cat ifcfg-ens33
TYPE=Ethernet
BOOTPROTO=static
NAME=ens33
DEVICE=ens33
ONBOOT=yes
BRIDGE=br0
NM_CONTROLLED=no
//重啟網(wǎng)絡(luò)
[root@kvm ~]# systemctl restart network
[root@kvm ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN qlen 1
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast master br0 state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:4c:50:b4 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
3: virbr0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN qlen 1000
link/ether 52:54:00:60:a8:ea brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.122.1/24 brd 192.168.122.255 scope global virbr0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
4: virbr0-nic: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast master virbr0 state DOWN qlen 1000
link/ether 52:54:00:60:a8:ea brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
5: br0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 72:63:57:0a:ca:76 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.160.109/24 brd 192.168.160.255 scope global br0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::7063:57ff:fe0a:ca76/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
//啟動服務(wù)
[root@kvm ~]# systemctl start libvirtd
[root@kvm ~]# systemctl enable libvirtd
//驗證安裝結(jié)果
[root@kvm ~]# lsmod|grep kvm
kvm_intel 170086 0
kvm 566340 1 kvm_intel
irqbypass 13503 1 kvm
//測試并驗證安裝結(jié)果
[root@kvm ~]# virsh -c qemu:///system list
Id Name State
----------------------------------------------------
[root@kvm ~]# virsh --version
3.9.0
[root@kvm ~]# virt-install --version
1.4.3
[root@kvm ~]# ln -s /usr/libexec/qemu-kvm /usr/bin/qemu-kvm
[root@kvm ~]# ll /usr/bin/qemu-kvm
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 21 Oct 18 10:57 /usr/bin/qemu-kvm -> /usr/libexec/qemu-kvm
[root@kvm ~]# lsmod |grep kvm
kvm_intel 170086 0
kvm 566340 1 kvm_intel
irqbypass 13503 1 kvm
//查看網(wǎng)橋信息
[root@kvm ~]# brctl show
bridge name bridge id STP enabled interfaces
br0 8000.000c294c50b4 no ens33
virbr0 8000.52540060a8ea yes virbr0-nic
3.2 kvm web管理界面安裝
kvm 的 web 管理界面是由 webvirtmgr 程序提供的。
//安裝依賴包
[root@kvm ~]# yum -y install git python-pip libvirt-python libxml2-python python-websockify supervisor nginx python-devel
//從github上下載webvirtmgr代碼
[root@kvm ~]# cd /usr/local/src/
[root@kvm src]# git clone git://github.com/retspen/webvirtmgr.git
Cloning into 'webvirtmgr'...
remote: Enumerating objects: 5730, done.
remote: Total 5730 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0), pack-reused 5730
Receiving objects: 100% (5730/5730), 3.01 MiB | 39.00 KiB/s, done.
Resolving deltas: 100% (3688/3688), done.
//安裝webvirtmgr
[root@kvm src]# cd webvirtmgr/
[root@kvm webvirtmgr]# pip install -r requirements.txt
Collecting django==1.5.5 (from -r requirements.txt (line 1))
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/38/49/93511c5d3367b6b21fc2995a0e53399721afc15e4cd6eb57be879ae13ad4/Django-1.5.5.tar.gz (8.1MB)
57% |██████████████████▌ | 4.7MB 38kB/s eta 0:01:28
.....此處省略安裝步驟
//檢查sqlite3是否安裝
[root@kvm webvirtmgr]# python
Python 2.7.5 (default, May 3 2017, 07:55:04)
[GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-14)] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import sqlite3
>>> exit()
//初始化帳號信息
[root@kvm webvirtmgr]# python manage.py syncdb
WARNING:root:No local_settings file found.
Creating tables ...
Creating table auth_permission
Creating table auth_group_permissions
Creating table auth_group
Creating table auth_user_groups
Creating table auth_user_user_permissions
Creating table auth_user
Creating table django_content_type
Creating table django_session
Creating table django_site
Creating table servers_compute
Creating table instance_instance
Creating table create_flavor
You just installed Django's auth system, which means you don't have any superusers defined.
Would you like to create one now? (yes/no): yes //問你是否創(chuàng)建超級管理員帳號
Username (leave blank to use 'root'): //指定超級管理員帳號用戶名，默認(rèn)留空為root
Email address: sean1002@126.com //設(shè)置超級管理員郵箱
Password: //設(shè)置超級管理員密碼
Password (again): //再次輸入超級管理員密碼
Superuser created successfully.
Installing custom SQL ...
Installing indexes ...
Installed 6 object(s) from 1 fixture(s)
//拷貝web網(wǎng)頁至指定目錄
[root@kvm webvirtmgr]# mkdir /var/www
[root@kvm webvirtmgr]# cp -r /usr/local/src/webvirtmgr /var/www/
[root@kvm webvirtmgr]# chown -R nginx.nginx /var/www/webvirtmgr/
//生成密鑰
[root@kvm ~]# ssh-keygen -t rsa
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa):
Created directory '/root/.ssh'.
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
Enter same passphrase again:
Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
SHA256:CQoZtso2M5Uo39lKvjZboncqakQ69iJt5wnjiJKZNhw root@kvm
The key's randomart image is:
+---[RSA 2048]----+
| o |
| ..+. |
|..+o . |
|o+.o + . . |
|+*. = . S |
|+E+o . |
|+*= + . |
|BO+===. |
|Oo=**= |
+----[SHA256]-----+
//由于這里webvirtmgr和kvm服務(wù)部署在同一臺機(jī)器，所以這里本地信任。如果kvm部署在其他機(jī)器，那么這個是它的ip
[root@kvm ~]# ssh-copy-id 192.168.160.109
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: Source of key(s) to be installed: "/root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub"
The authenticity of host '192.168.160.109 (192.168.160.109)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:UszC1ZeHM7xw/uefVkJoXW6XgRw+Jl51tAXLjFERclE.
ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:b3:f1:02:b8:01:8e:53:a7:87:09:c0:75:24:4c:ad:88.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys
root@192.168.160.109's password:
Number of key(s) added: 1
Now try logging into the machine, with: "ssh '192.168.160.109'"
and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.
//配置端口轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)
[root@kvm ~]# ssh 192.168.160.109 -L localhost:8000:localhost:8000 -L localhost:6080:localhost:60
Last login: Thu Oct 18 08:26:40 2018 from 192.168.160.36
[root@kvm ~]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 *:111 *:*
LISTEN 0 5 192.168.122.1:53 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:*
LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:6080 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:8000 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 :::111 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::*
LISTEN 0 100 ::1:25 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 ::1:6080 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 ::1:8000 :::*
//配置nginx
[root@kvm ~]# vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
user nginx;
worker_processes auto;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
pid /run/nginx.pid;
include /usr/share/nginx/modules/*.conf;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main;
sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;
tcp_nodelay on;
keepalive_timeout 65;
types_hash_max_size 2048;
include /etc/nginx/mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;
location / {
root html;
index index.html index.htm;
}
error_page 404 /404.html;
location = /40x.html {
}
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
}
}
}
[root@kvm ~]# vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/webvirtmgr.conf
server {
listen 80 default_server;
server_name $hostname;
#access_log /var/log/nginx/webvirtmgr_access_log;
location /static/ {
root /var/www/webvirtmgr/webvirtmgr;
expires max;
}
location / {
proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8000;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-for $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_set_header Host $host:$server_port;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $remote_addr;
proxy_connect_timeout 600;
proxy_read_timeout 600;
proxy_send_timeout 600;
client_max_body_size 1024M;
}
}
//確保bind綁定的是本機(jī)的8000端口
[root@kvm ~]# vim /var/www/webvirtmgr/conf/gunicorn.conf.py
.....此處省略N行
bind = '0.0.0.0:8000' //確保此處綁定的是本機(jī)的8000端口，這個在nginx配置中定義了，被代理的端口
backlog = 2048
.....此處省略N行
//重啟nginx
[root@kvm ~]# systemctl restart nginx
[root@kvm ~]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 *:111 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:80 *:*
LISTEN 0 5 192.168.122.1:53 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:*
LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:6080 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:8000 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 :::111 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::*
LISTEN 0 100 ::1:25 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 ::1:6080 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 ::1:8000 :::*
//設(shè)置supervisor
[root@kvm ~]# vim /etc/supervisord.conf
.....此處省略上面的內(nèi)容，在文件最后加上以下內(nèi)容
[program:webvirtmgr]
command=/usr/bin/python2 /var/www/webvirtmgr/manage.py run_gunicorn -c /var/www/webvirtmgr/conf/gunicorn.conf.py
directory=/var/www/webvirtmgr
autostart=true
autorestart=true
logfile=/var/log/supervisor/webvirtmgr.log
log_stderr=true
user=nginx
[program:webvirtmgr-console]
command=/usr/bin/python2 /var/www/webvirtmgr/console/webvirtmgr-console
directory=/var/www/webvirtmgr
autostart=true
autorestart=true
stdout_logfile=/var/log/supervisor/webvirtmgr-console.log
redirect_stderr=true
user=nginx
//啟動supervisor并設(shè)置開機(jī)自啟
[root@kvm ~]# systemctl start supervisord
[root@kvm ~]# systemctl enable supervisord
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/supervisord.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/supervisord.service.
[root@kvm ~]# systemctl status supervisord
● supervisord.service - Process Monitoring and Control Daemon
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/supervisord.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Thu 2018-10-18 11:59:33 CST; 25s ago
Main PID: 17918 (supervisord)
CGroup: /system.slice/supervisord.service
└─17918 /usr/bin/python /usr/bin/supervisord -c /etc/supervisord.conf
Oct 18 11:59:33 kvm systemd[1]: Starting Process Monitoring and Control Daemon...
Oct 18 11:59:33 kvm systemd[1]: Started Process Monitoring and Control Daemon.
[root@kvm webvirtmgr]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 *:111 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:80 *:*
LISTEN 0 5 192.168.122.1:53 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:*
LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:8000 *:*
LISTEN 0 100 *:6080 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 :::111 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::*
LISTEN 0 100 ::1:25 :::*
//配置nginx用戶
[root@kvm home]# su - nginx -s /bin/bash
-bash-4.2$ ssh-keygen -t rsa
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/var/lib/nginx/.ssh/id_rsa):
Created directory '/var/lib/nginx/.ssh'.
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
Enter same passphrase again:
Your identification has been saved in /var/lib/nginx/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /var/lib/nginx/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
SHA256:rdbmW/YIXxAJBzPsd9q9eKHPjWtSZ5EQC5li3tkczYI nginx@localhost.localdomain
The key's randomart image is:
+---[RSA 2048]----+
| .=o=.+ |
| o.E.=.o |
| o.o *.+ .|
| o.o.+.o |
| S ...+ ..|
| o ..o.+|
| o + o.+oo|
| . o =.*o+.|
| o.oo*+.|
+----[SHA256]-----+
-bash-4.2$ touch ~/.ssh/config && echo -e "StrictHostKeyChecking=no\nUserKnownHostsFile=/dev/null" >> ~/.ssh/config
-bash-4.2$ chmod 0600 ~/.ssh/config
-bash-4.2$ ssh-copy-id root@192.168.160.109
/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: Source of key(s) to be installed: "/var/lib/nginx/.ssh/id_rsa.pub"
/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed
/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys
Warning: Permanently added '192.168.160.109' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
root@192.168.160.109's password:
Number of key(s) added: 1
Now try logging into the machine, with: "ssh 'root@192.168.160.109'"
and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.
-bash-4.2$ exit
logout
[root@kvm ~]# vim /etc/polkit-1/localauthority/50-local.d/50-libvirt-remote-access.pkla
[Remote libvirt SSH access]
Identity=unix-user:root
Action=org.libvirt.unix.manage
ResultAny=yes
ResultInactive=yes
ResultActive=yes
[root@kvm ~]# chown -R root.root /etc/polkit-1/localauthority/50-local.d/50-libvirt-remote-access.pkla
[root@kvm ~]# systemctl restart nginx
[root@kvm ~]# systemctl restart libvirtd
3.3 kvm web界面管理
通過ip地址在瀏覽器上訪問kvm，例如我這里就是：http://192.168.160.109/login
3.3.1 kvm連接管理
創(chuàng)建SSH連接：
3.3.2 kvm存儲管理
創(chuàng)建存儲：
進(jìn)入存儲：
通過遠(yuǎn)程連接軟件上傳ISO鏡像文件至存儲目錄/var/lib/libvirt/images/
[root@kvm ~]# cd /var/lib/libvirt/images/
[root@kvm images]# ls
[root@kvm images]#
Upload SCP
CentOS-7-x86_64-DVD-1804.iso (4263.00 MB, 8:45 min = 8.12 MB/sec)
[root@kvm images]# ls
CentOS-7-x86_64-DVD-1804.iso
在 web 界面查看ISO鏡像是否存在
創(chuàng)建系統(tǒng)安裝鏡像
添加成功如下圖所示
3.3.3 kvm網(wǎng)絡(luò)管理
添加橋接網(wǎng)絡(luò)
3.3.4 實例管理
實例(虛擬機(jī))創(chuàng)建
虛擬機(jī)插入光盤
設(shè)置在 web 上訪問虛擬機(jī)的密碼
啟動虛擬機(jī)
虛擬機(jī)安裝
虛擬機(jī)安裝步驟就是安裝系統(tǒng)的步驟，此處就不再贅述
4.故障案例
4.1 案例1
web界面配置完成后可能會出現(xiàn)以下錯誤界面
解決方法是安裝novnc并通過novnc_server啟動一個vnc
[root@localhost ~]# ll /etc/rc.local
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 13 Aug 6 2018 /etc/rc.local -> rc.d/rc.local
[root@localhost ~]# ll /etc/rc.d/rc.local
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 513 Mar 11 22:35 /etc/rc.d/rc.local
[root@localhost ~]# chmod +x /etc/rc.d/rc.local
[root@localhost ~]# ll /etc/rc.d/rc.local
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 513 Mar 11 22:35 /etc/rc.d/rc.local
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/rc.d/rc.local
......此處省略N行
# that this script will be executed during boot.
touch /var/lock/subsys/local
nohup novnc_server 172.16.12.128:5920 &
[root@localhost ~]# . /etc/rc.d/rc.local
做完以上操作后再次訪問即可正常訪問
4.2 案例2
第一次通過web訪問kvm時可能會一直訪問不了，一直轉(zhuǎn)圈，而命令行界面一直報錯(too many open files)
此時需要對nginx進(jìn)行配置文章來源：http://www.zghlxwxcb.cn/news/detail-798807.html
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
....此處省略N行
user nginx;
worker_processes auto;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
pid /run/nginx.pid;
worker_rlimit_nofile 655350; //添加此行配置
# Load dynamic modules. See /usr/share/nginx/README.dynamic.
....此處省略N行
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart nginx
然后對系統(tǒng)參數(shù)進(jìn)行設(shè)置文章來源地址http://www.zghlxwxcb.cn/news/detail-798807.html
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/security/limits.conf
....此處省略N行
# End of file
* soft nofile 655350
* hard nofile 655350
l
做完以上操作后再次訪問即可正常訪問
[外鏈圖片轉(zhuǎn)存中…(img-R7P6es5G-1705391620286)]
4.2 案例2
第一次通過web訪問kvm時可能會一直訪問不了，一直轉(zhuǎn)圈，而命令行界面一直報錯(too many open files)
此時需要對nginx進(jìn)行配置
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
....此處省略N行
user nginx;
worker_processes auto;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
pid /run/nginx.pid;
worker_rlimit_nofile 655350; //添加此行配置
# Load dynamic modules. See /usr/share/nginx/README.dynamic.
....此處省略N行
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart nginx
然后對系統(tǒng)參數(shù)進(jìn)行設(shè)置
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/security/limits.conf
....此處省略N行
# End of file
* soft nofile 655350
* hard nofile 655350
到了這里，關(guān)于kvm虛擬化的文章就介紹完了。如果您還想了解更多內(nèi)容，請在右上角搜索TOY模板網(wǎng)以前的文章或繼續(xù)瀏覽下面的相關(guān)文章，希望大家以后多多支持TOY模板網(wǎng)！
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