原文鏈接SDFormat extensions to URDF (the 'gazebo' tag) — Documentation

注意了ros2的gazebo部分已經(jīng)跟ros1的gazebo部分不一樣了：

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Table of Contents

• SDFormat extensions to URDF (the?<gazebo>?tag)
  • <gazebo>?Elements For?<robot>
  • <gazebo>?Elements For Links
  • Special meaning for?<visual>,?<collision>, and?<material>
    • <gazebo>?Elements For Joints
    • Fixed joint lumping

SDFormat extensions to URDF (the?<gazebo>?tag)

When URDF files are loaded by Gazebo (both Gazebo-classic and the new Gazebo), the URDF content is first converted to SDFormat before being processed by Gazebo. Users who want to modify the resulting SDFormat output to include SDFormat specific elements may do so using the?<gazebo>?tag in the original URDF file. This is known as the Gazebo extension to the?URDF specification?(see?urdf/XML/Gazebo - ROS Wiki)

The URDF to SDFormat conversion usually happens automatically without users observing the resulting SDFormat file. To diagnose any issues that might come up during the conversion, the tool

gz sdf?-p?<path to urdf file>

can be used to convert the URDF file to SDFormat that can be inspected by the user.

The following is the documentation of the various tags available under?<gazebo>?and their corresponding effect on the SDFormat output. While some of the content included here is also available in the?"Using a URDF in Gazebo"?tutorial of Gazebo-classic, this document should provide a more complete discussion of the extension, especially regarding fixed joint lumping.

<gazebo>?Elements For?<robot>(設(shè)置非link實(shí)體時(shí)候：設(shè)置joint或環(huán)境的時(shí)候)

<gazebo>?tag without a?reference?attribute applies to the SDFormat?<model>?that gets generated from the?<robot>?URDF tag. All elements in the?<gazebo>?tag are inserted into the SDF?<model>?tag for the generated SDF.

urdf文件內(nèi)不帶reference屬性的<gazebo>轉(zhuǎn)換為sdf文件內(nèi)<model>標(biāo)簽

Example:

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>
<!--URDF-->
<robot name='no_ref_example'>
  <link name='world'/>
  <gazebo>
    <static>true</static>
    <plugin name='testPlugin' filename='testFileName'/>
  </gazebo>
</robot>

results in:

<!--SDFormat-->
<sdf version='1.9'>
  <model name='no_ref_example'>
    <static>true</static>
    <plugin name='testPlugin' filename='testFileName'/>
  </model>
</sdf>

<gazebo>?Elements For Links帶reference屬性的<gazebo>標(biāo)簽

(設(shè)置實(shí)體屬性：設(shè)置link屬性時(shí)候，例如設(shè)置顏色，材料material)例如：

<robot>
    <link name="camera"/>
    <gazebo reference="camera">
        <material>Gazebo/Blue</material>
    </gazebo>
</robot>

When using the?<gazebo>?extension for links, the name of the link has to be specified in the?reference?attribute. （gazebo標(biāo)簽內(nèi)的reference屬性需要填寫joint名稱例如laser或camera或base等）There are a number of special tags that modify the values of elements or attributes in the generated SDFormat file. Any tag that is not listed in the table below will be directly inserted into the corresponding?<link>?element in the SDFormat output. This direct insertion is sometimes referred to as blob insertion.所有不在下表中列出的標(biāo)簽例如<plugin>標(biāo)簽，都會(huì)被直接插入sdf文件，原樣插入。例如urdf內(nèi)<plugin>,在sdf文件內(nèi)還是<plugin>,不變。當(dāng)然表格里面的需要改變

Table of elements with special meaning:

Note:?The XPath used in the "Corresponding SDFormat element" column is relative to the link element.

Example:

The following shows how to set the first coefficient of friction for all?<collision>?elements in a link

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>
<!--URDF-->
<robot name='friction_example'>
  <link name='base_link'>
    <inertial>
      <mass value='0.12' />
      <inertia ixx='0.01' ixy='0' ixz='0' iyy='0.01' iyz='0' izz='0.01' />
    </inertial>
    <collision>
      <geometry>
        <sphere radius="2"/>
      </geometry>
    </collision>
    <collision>
      <geometry>
        <cylinder radius="1" length="2"/>
      </geometry>
    </collision>
  </link>
  <gazebo reference='base_link'>
    <mu1>0.25</mu1>
  </gazebo>
</robot>

This creates the element?//surface/friction/ode/mu?in the collision element of the referenced link.

<!--SDFormat-->
<sdf version='1.9'>
  <model name='friction_example'>
    <link name='base_link'>
      <inertial>
        <pose>0 0 0 0 0 0</pose>
        <mass>0.12</mass>
        <inertia>
          <ixx>0.01</ixx>
          <ixy>0</ixy>
          <ixz>0</ixz>
          <iyy>0.01</iyy>
          <iyz>0</iyz>
          <izz>0.01</izz>
        </inertia>
      </inertial>
      <collision name='base_link_collision'>
        <pose>0 0 0 0 0 0</pose>
        <geometry>
          <sphere>
            <radius>2</radius>
          </sphere>
        </geometry>
        <surface>
          <contact>
            <ode/>
          </contact>
          <friction>
            <ode>
              <mu>0.25</mu>
            </ode>
          </friction>
        </surface>
      </collision>
      <collision name='base_link_collision_1'>
        <pose>0 0 0 0 0 0</pose>
        <geometry>
          <cylinder>
            <length>2</length>
            <radius>1</radius>
          </cylinder>
        </geometry>
        <surface>
          <contact>
            <ode/>
          </contact>
          <friction>
            <ode>
              <mu>0.25</mu>
            </ode>
          </friction>
        </surface>
      </collision>
    </link>
  </model>
</sdf>

Special meaning for?<visual>,?<collision>, and?<material>

The?<visual>?and?<collision>?are meant to update existing visuals and collisions in the URDF as they get converted to SDFormat. At the time of writing, these tags do not insert new visuals or collision elements into the referenced link. Note also that these tags affect all visuals and collisions, respectively, found in the referenced link.

Example:<visual>演示

Given the following URDF file with two visuals, the?<gazebo>?extension applies the element?<transparency>?to each visual in?base_link.

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>
<!--URDF-->
<robot name='visual_example'>
  <link name='base_link'>
    <inertial>
      <mass value='0.12' />
      <inertia ixx='0.01' ixy='0' ixz='0' iyy='0.01' iyz='0' izz='0.01' />
    </inertial>
    <visual>
      <geometry>
        <sphere radius="2"/>
      </geometry>
    </visual>
    <visual>
      <origin xyz="2 0 0" rpy="0 0 0"/>
      <geometry>
        <cylinder length="1" radius="2"/>
      </geometry>
    </visual>
  </link>
<!----------------------主角在這里------------------------------------->
<!----------------------主角在這里------------------------------------->
<!----------------------主角在這里------------------------------------->
  <gazebo reference='base_link'>
    <visual>
      <transparency>0.25</transparency>
    </visual>
  </gazebo>
</robot>

Converts to the following SDFormat

<!--SDFormat-->
<sdf version='1.9'>
  <model name='visual_example'>
    <link name='base_link'>
      <inertial>
        <pose>0 0 0 0 0 0</pose>
        <mass>0.12</mass>
        <inertia>
          <ixx>0.01</ixx>
          <ixy>0</ixy>
          <ixz>0</ixz>
          <iyy>0.01</iyy>
          <iyz>0</iyz>
          <izz>0.01</izz>
        </inertia>
      </inertial>
      <visual name='base_link_visual'>
        <pose>0 0 0 0 0 0</pose>
        <geometry>
          <sphere>
            <radius>2</radius>
          </sphere>
        </geometry>
        <transparency>0.25</transparency>
      </visual>
      <visual name='base_link_visual_1'>
        <pose>2 0 0 0 0 0</pose>
        <geometry>
          <cylinder>
            <length>1</length>
            <radius>2</radius>
          </cylinder>
        </geometry>
        <transparency>0.25</transparency>
      </visual>
    </link>
  </model>
</sdf>

The?<material>?tag, when used directly under the?<gazebo>?tag, i.e?//gazebo/material, accepts a string value of the name of a material defined in a Gazebo-classic's material?script. Examples include colors like?Gazebo/SkyBlue?as well as textures such as?Gazebo/WoodFloor. The?<material>?tag affects all visuals found in the referenced link, similar to the behavior of?<visual>?and?<collision>

Example:

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>
<!--URDF-->
<robot name='material_example'>
  <link name='base_link'>
    <inertial>
      <mass value='0.1' />
      <inertia ixx='0.01' ixy='0' ixz='0' iyy='0.01' iyz='0' izz='0.01' />
    </inertial>
    <visual>
      <geometry>
        <sphere radius="2"/>
      </geometry>
    </visual>
  </link>
  <gazebo reference='base_link'>
    <material>Gazebo/Orange</material>
  </gazebo>
</robot>

results in:

<!--SDFormat-->
<sdf version='1.9'>
  <model name='material_example'>
    <link name='base_link'>
      <inertial>
        <pose>0 0 0 0 0 0</pose>
        <mass>0.10000000000000001</mass>
        <inertia>
          <ixx>0.01</ixx>
          <ixy>0</ixy>
          <ixz>0</ixz>
          <iyy>0.01</iyy>
          <iyz>0</iyz>
          <izz>0.01</izz>
        </inertia>
      </inertial>
      <visual name='base_link_visual'>
        <pose>0 0 0 0 0 0</pose>
        <geometry>
          <sphere>
            <radius>2</radius>
          </sphere>
        </geometry>
        <material>
          <script>
            <name>Gazebo/Orange</name>
            <uri>file://media/materials/scripts/gazebo.material</uri>
          </script>
        </material>
      </visual>
    </link>
  </model>
</sdf>

This tag is only relevant when using Gazebo-classic as the new version of Gazebo does not use material scripts. However, it is still possible to change the appearance of visuals that is compatible with the new Gazebo and this is by using the?//gazebo/visual/material?tag. Note the difference from the previous tag as the?<material>?tag is not directly under?<gazebo>, but under?<visual>. This?<material>?tag contains child elements as defined in the?material?specification.

Example:

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>
<!--URDF-->
<robot name='material_example'>
  <link name='base_link'>
    <inertial>
      <mass value='0.12' />
      <inertia ixx='0.01' ixy='0' ixz='0' iyy='0.01' iyz='0' izz='0.01' />
    </inertial>
    <visual>
      <geometry>
        <sphere radius="2"/>
      </geometry>
    </visual>
  </link>
  <gazebo reference='base_link'>
    <visual>
      <material>
        <diffuse>0 0 1 1 </diffuse>
      </material>
    </visual>
  </gazebo>
</robot>

results in:

<!--SDFormat-->
<sdf version='1.9'>
  <model name='material_example'>
    <link name='base_link'>
      <inertial>
        <pose>0 0 0 0 0 0</pose>
        <mass>0.12</mass>
        <inertia>
          <ixx>0.01</ixx>
          <ixy>0</ixy>
          <ixz>0</ixz>
          <iyy>0.01</iyy>
          <iyz>0</iyz>
          <izz>0.01</izz>
        </inertia>
      </inertial>
      <visual name='base_link_visual'>
        <pose>0 0 0 0 0 0</pose>
        <geometry>
          <sphere>
            <radius>2</radius>
          </sphere>
        </geometry>
        <material>
          <diffuse>0 0 1 1</diffuse>
        </material>
      </visual>
    </link>
  </model>
</sdf>

where the?<diffuse>?tag has been added to the visual of?base_link.

Warning:?At the time of writing, there is a?bug?in the URDF to SDFormat converter that behaves incorrectly when?<visual>?and?<collision>?tags in the?URDF?file have names.

<gazebo>?Elements For Joints:

使用<gazebo>表示joint性質(zhì)的時(shí)候同樣需要指定對(duì)象，當(dāng)然要不然怎么知道說的是誰呢哈哈，看來只有不具體到某一個(gè)特定物體的時(shí)候才不用reference

When using the?<gazebo>?extension for joints, the name of the joint has to be specified in the?reference?attribute. There are a number of special tags that modify the values of elements or attributes in the generated SDFormat file. Any tag that is not listed in the table below will be directly inserted into the corresponding?<joint>?element in the SDFormat output.

Table of elements with special meaning:

Note:?The XPath used in the "Corresponding SDFormat element" column is relative to the joint element.

Example:?The spring reference and stiffness of a joint can be set using?<springReference>?and?<springStiffness>?respectively.

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>
<!--URDF-->
<robot name='joint_example'>
  <link name='base_link'>
    <inertial>
      <mass value='0.12' />
      <inertia ixx='0.01' ixy='0' ixz='0' iyy='0.01' iyz='0' izz='0.01' />
    </inertial>
  </link>
  <joint name='j1' type='continuous'>
    <parent link='base_link'/>
    <child link='end_effector'/>
    <origin xyz='0 0 1' rpy='0 0 0'/>
  </joint>
  <link name='end_effector'>
    <inertial>
      <mass value='0.12' />
      <inertia ixx='0.01' ixy='0' ixz='0' iyy='0.01' iyz='0' izz='0.01' />
    </inertial>
  </link>
  <gazebo reference='j1'>
    <springReference>0.5</springReference>
    <springStiffness>0.25</springStiffness>
  </gazebo>
</robot>

This creates the elements?//axis/dynamics/spring_reference?and?//axis/dynamics//spring_stiffness?in the referenced joint of the SDFormat output.

<!--SDFormat-->
<sdf version='1.9'>
  <model name='joint_example'>
    <link name='base_link'>
      <inertial>
        <pose>0 0 0 0 0 0</pose>
        <mass>0.12</mass>
        <inertia>
          <ixx>0.01</ixx>
          <ixy>0</ixy>
          <ixz>0</ixz>
          <iyy>0.01</iyy>
          <iyz>0</iyz>
          <izz>0.01</izz>
        </inertia>
      </inertial>
    </link>
    <joint name='j1' type='revolute'>
      <pose relative_to='base_link'>0 0 1 0 0 0</pose>
      <parent>base_link</parent>
      <child>end_effector</child>
      <axis>
        <xyz>1 0 0</xyz>
        <limit>
          <lower>-10000000000000000</lower>
          <upper>10000000000000000</upper>
        </limit>
        <dynamics>
          <spring_reference>0.5</spring_reference>
          <spring_stiffness>0.25</spring_stiffness>
        </dynamics>
      </axis>
      <physics>
        <ode>
          <limit>
            <cfm>0</cfm>
            <erp>0.20000000000000001</erp>
          </limit>
        </ode>
      </physics>
    </joint>
    <link name='end_effector'>
      <pose relative_to='j1'>0 0 0 0 0 0</pose>
      <inertial>
        <pose>0 0 0 0 0 0</pose>
        <mass>0.12</mass>
        <inertia>
          <ixx>0.01</ixx>
          <ixy>0</ixy>
          <ixz>0</ixz>
          <iyy>0.01</iyy>
          <iyz>0</iyz>
          <izz>0.01</izz>
        </inertia>
      </inertial>
    </link>
  </model>
</sdf>

Fixed joint lumping：（重要：含有frame用法）

Fixed joint lumping (aka joint reduction), in the URDF to SDFormat conversion is the process of taking the child link of a?fixed?joint and merging all of its contents into the parent link. It is an optimization that benefits maximal coordinate physics engines by reducing the number of constraints needed to simulate the model. The process preserves the total mass of the two links and computes the center of mass and moment of inertia of the resultant link. All?visual?and?collision?elements present in the child link are moved to the parent link with appropriate pose offsets. The fixed joint itself is discarded and does not appear in the SDFormat output. As of?libsdformat?9.9.0?frame?elements that represent the discarded joint and child link are generated to preserve their pose information.

Fixed joint lumping is enabled by default, but can be disabled by setting?preserveFixedJoint?or?disableFixedJointLumping?to?true. The two parameters behave similarly, but the?preserveFixedJoint=true?configuration results in a joint with a?fixed?type whereas the?disableFixedJointLumping=true?configuration results in a revolute joint with position limits set to 0. Note that when both?preserveFixedJoint=true?and?disableFixedJointLumping=true?are set on a joint, the?preserveFixedJoint?setting will take precedence and the resulting joint will have a?fixed?type. Fixed joint lumping can also be disabled for all joints if?ParserConfig::URDFPreserveFixedJoint?is?true.

Warning:?Disabling joint lumping should only be done when both parent and child links have positive mass and corresponding?<inertial>?elements.

Example:?The following URDF demonstrates fixed joint lumping where the resulting SDFormat output only has one link

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>
<!--URDF-->
<robot name='fixed_joint_lumping_example'>
  <link name='base_link'>
    <inertial>
      <mass value='0.25' />
      <inertia ixx='0.01' ixy='0' ixz='0' iyy='0.01' iyz='0' izz='0.01' />
    </inertial>
    <collision>
      <origin xyz="0 0 0" rpy="0 0 0"/>
      <geometry>
        <sphere radius="2"/>
      </geometry>
    </collision>
  </link>
  <joint name='j1' type='fixed'>
    <parent link='base_link'/>
    <child link='end_effector'/>
    <origin xyz='0 0 1' rpy='0 0 0'/>
  </joint>
  <link name='end_effector'>
    <inertial>
      <mass value='0.25' />
      <inertia ixx='0.01' ixy='0' ixz='0' iyy='0.01' iyz='0' izz='0.01' />
    </inertial>
    <visual>
      <origin xyz="2 0 0" rpy="0 0 0"/>
      <geometry>
        <cylinder length="1" radius="2"/>
      </geometry>
    </visual>
  </link>
</robot>

results in:

<!--SDFormat-->
<sdf version='1.9'>
  <model name='fixed_joint_lumping_example'>
    <link name='base_link'>
      <inertial>
        <pose>0 0 0.5 0 0 0</pose>
        <mass>0.5</mass>
        <inertia>
          <ixx>0.14499999999999999</ixx>
          <ixy>0</ixy>
          <ixz>0</ixz>
          <iyy>0.14499999999999999</iyy>
          <iyz>0</iyz>
          <izz>0.02</izz>
        </inertia>
      </inertial>
      <collision name='base_link_collision'>
        <pose>0 0 0 0 0 0</pose>
        <geometry>
          <sphere>
            <radius>2</radius>
          </sphere>
        </geometry>
      </collision>
      <visual name='base_link_fixed_joint_lump__end_effector_visual'>
        <pose>2 0 1 0 0 0</pose>
        <geometry>
          <cylinder>
            <length>1</length>
            <radius>2</radius>
          </cylinder>
        </geometry>
      </visual>
    </link>
    <frame name='j1' attached_to='base_link'>
      <pose>0 0 1 0 -0 0</pose>
    </frame>
    <frame name='end_effector' attached_to='j1'/>
  </model>
</sdf>

Note that the mass of?base_link?is the sum of the masses of the original?base_link?and?end_effector?links. The?visual?element of?end_effector?has been merged into?base_link?with a pose value that takes into account the pose of the original?end_effector?link and joint?j1?as well as the pose of the original?visual.

Example:?The same example above is repeated, but fixed joints preserved (preserveFixedJoint=true).

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>
<!--URDF-->
<robot name='preserve_fixed_joint_lumping_example'>
  <link name='base_link'>
    <inertial>
      <mass value='0.25' />
      <inertia ixx='0.01' ixy='0' ixz='0' iyy='0.01' iyz='0' izz='0.01' />
    </inertial>
    <collision>
      <origin xyz="0 0 0" rpy="0 0 0"/>
      <geometry>
        <sphere radius="2"/>
      </geometry>
    </collision>
  </link>
  <joint name='j1' type='fixed'>
    <parent link='base_link'/>
    <child link='end_effector'/>
    <origin xyz='0 0 1' rpy='0 0 0'/>
  </joint>
  <link name='end_effector'>
    <inertial>
      <mass value='0.25' />
      <inertia ixx='0.01' ixy='0' ixz='0' iyy='0.01' iyz='0' izz='0.01' />
    </inertial>
    <visual>
      <origin xyz="2 0 0" rpy="0 0 0"/>
      <geometry>
        <cylinder length="1" radius="2"/>
      </geometry>
    </visual>
  </link>
  <gazebo reference='j1'>
    <preserveFixedJoint>true</preserveFixedJoint>
  </gazebo>
</robot>

results in:

<!--SDFormat-->
<sdf version='1.9'>
  <model name='preserve_fixed_joint_lumping_example'>
    <link name='base_link'>
      <inertial>
        <pose>0 0 0 0 0 0</pose>
        <mass>0.25</mass>
        <inertia>
          <ixx>0.01</ixx>
          <ixy>0</ixy>
          <ixz>0</ixz>
          <iyy>0.01</iyy>
          <iyz>0</iyz>
          <izz>0.01</izz>
        </inertia>
      </inertial>
      <collision name='base_link_collision'>
        <pose>0 0 0 0 0 0</pose>
        <geometry>
          <sphere>
            <radius>2</radius>
          </sphere>
        </geometry>
      </collision>
    </link>
    <joint name='j1' type='fixed'>
      <pose relative_to='base_link'>0 0 1 0 0 0</pose>
      <parent>base_link</parent>
      <child>end_effector</child>
      <axis>
        <dynamics>
          <spring_reference>0</spring_reference>
          <spring_stiffness>0</spring_stiffness>
        </dynamics>
        <xyz>0 0 1</xyz>
        <limit>
          <lower>-10000000000000000</lower>
          <upper>10000000000000000</upper>
        </limit>
      </axis>
      <physics>
        <ode>
          <limit>
            <cfm>0</cfm>
            <erp>0.20000000000000001</erp>
          </limit>
        </ode>
      </physics>
    </joint>
    <link name='end_effector'>
      <pose relative_to='j1'>0 0 0 0 0 0</pose>
      <inertial>
        <pose>0 0 0 0 0 0</pose>
        <mass>0.25</mass>
        <inertia>
          <ixx>0.01</ixx>
          <ixy>0</ixy>
          <ixz>0</ixz>
          <iyy>0.01</iyy>
          <iyz>0</iyz>
          <izz>0.01</izz>
        </inertia>
      </inertial>
      <visual name='end_effector_visual'>
        <pose>2 0 0 0 0 0</pose>
        <geometry>
          <cylinder>
            <length>1</length>
            <radius>2</radius>
          </cylinder>
        </geometry>
      </visual>
    </link>
  </model>
</sdf>

Here, the link?end_effector?is still present in the SDFormat output with mass and inertia equal to the URDF?end_effector?link. The?visual?of?end_effector?is also still present in the?end_effector?link of the SDFormat output. The joint?j1?is also still present and its type is?fixed.

Example:?The same example above is repeated, but with fixed joint lumping disabled (disableFixedJointLumping=true).

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>
<!--URDF-->
<robot name='disable_fixed_joint_lumping_example'>
  <link name='base_link'>
    <inertial>
      <mass value='0.25' />
      <inertia ixx='0.01' ixy='0' ixz='0' iyy='0.01' iyz='0' izz='0.01' />
    </inertial>
    <collision>
      <origin xyz="0 0 0" rpy="0 0 0"/>
      <geometry>
        <sphere radius="2"/>
      </geometry>
    </collision>
  </link>
  <joint name='j1' type='fixed'>
    <parent link='base_link'/>
    <child link='end_effector'/>
    <origin xyz='0 0 1' rpy='0 0 0'/>
  </joint>
  <link name='end_effector'>
    <inertial>
      <mass value='0.25' />
      <inertia ixx='0.01' ixy='0' ixz='0' iyy='0.01' iyz='0' izz='0.01' />
    </inertial>
    <visual>
      <origin xyz="2 0 0" rpy="0 0 0"/>
      <geometry>
        <cylinder length="1" radius="2"/>
      </geometry>
    </visual>
  </link>
  <gazebo reference='j1'>
    <disableFixedJointLumping>true</disableFixedJointLumping>
  </gazebo>
</robot>

results in:

<!--SDFormat-->
<sdf version='1.9'>
  <model name='disable_fixed_joint_lumping_example'>
    <link name='base_link'>
      <inertial>
        <pose>0 0 0 0 0 0</pose>
        <mass>0.25</mass>
        <inertia>
          <ixx>0.01</ixx>
          <ixy>0</ixy>
          <ixz>0</ixz>
          <iyy>0.01</iyy>
          <iyz>0</iyz>
          <izz>0.01</izz>
        </inertia>
      </inertial>
      <collision name='base_link_collision'>
        <pose>0 0 0 0 0 0</pose>
        <geometry>
          <sphere>
            <radius>2</radius>
          </sphere>
        </geometry>
      </collision>
    </link>
    <joint name='j1' type='revolute'>
      <pose relative_to='base_link'>0 0 1 0 0 0</pose>
      <parent>base_link</parent>
      <child>end_effector</child>
      <axis>
        <limit>
          <lower>0</lower>
          <upper>0</upper>
        </limit>
        <dynamics>
          <damping>0</damping>
          <friction>0</friction>
          <spring_reference>0</spring_reference>
          <spring_stiffness>0</spring_stiffness>
        </dynamics>
        <xyz>0 0 1</xyz>
      </axis>
      <physics>
        <ode>
          <limit>
            <cfm>0</cfm>
            <erp>0.20000000000000001</erp>
          </limit>
        </ode>
      </physics>
    </joint>
    <link name='end_effector'>
      <pose relative_to='j1'>0 0 0 0 0 0</pose>
      <inertial>
        <pose>0 0 0 0 0 0</pose>
        <mass>0.25</mass>
        <inertia>
          <ixx>0.01</ixx>
          <ixy>0</ixy>
          <ixz>0</ixz>
          <iyy>0.01</iyy>
          <iyz>0</iyz>
          <izz>0.01</izz>
        </inertia>
      </inertial>
      <visual name='end_effector_visual'>
        <pose>2 0 0 0 0 0</pose>
        <geometry>
          <cylinder>
            <length>1</length>
            <radius>2</radius>
          </cylinder>
        </geometry>
      </visual>
    </link>
  </model>
</sdf>

The output is the same as?preserveFixedJoint=true?example, execept that joint?j1?has a?revolute?type.

?2020 Open Source Robotics Foundation

SDFormat is open-source licensed under?

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