Intel 海光 鯤鵬920 飛騰2500 CPU性能對比
為了讓程序能快點(diǎn)，特意了解了CPU的各種原理，比如多核、超線程、NUMA、睿頻、功耗、GPU、大小核再到分支預(yù)測、cache_line失效、加鎖代價(jià)、IPC等各種指標(biāo)（都有對應(yīng)的代碼和測試數(shù)據(jù)）都會在這系列文章中得到答案。當(dāng)然一定會有程序員最關(guān)心的分支預(yù)測案例、Disruptor無鎖案例、cache_line偽共享案例等等。
這次讓我們從最底層的沙子開始用8篇文章來回答各種疑問以及大量的實(shí)驗(yàn)對比案例和測試數(shù)據(jù)。
大的方面主要是從這幾個(gè)疑問來寫這些文章：
- 同樣程序?yàn)槭裁碈PU跑到800%還不如CPU跑到200%快？
- IPC背后的原理和和程序效率的關(guān)系？
- 為什么數(shù)據(jù)庫領(lǐng)域都愛把NUMA關(guān)了，這對嗎？
- 幾個(gè)國產(chǎn)芯片的性能到底怎么樣？
系列文章
CPU的制造和概念
Perf IPC以及CPU性能
CPU性能和CACHE
CPU 性能和Cache Line
十年后數(shù)據(jù)庫還是不敢擁抱NUMA？
Intel PAUSE指令變化是如何影響自旋鎖以及MySQL的性能的
Intel、海光、鯤鵬920、飛騰2500 CPU性能對比
一次海光物理機(jī)資源競爭壓測的記錄
飛騰ARM芯片(FT2500)的性能測試
本篇是收尾篇，橫向?qū)Ρ纫幌聏86和ARM芯片，以及不同方案權(quán)衡下的性能比較
CPU基本信息
海光
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#lscpu
Architecture: x86_64
CPU op-mode(s): 32-bit, 64-bit
Byte Order: Little Endian
CPU(s): 64
On-line CPU(s) list: 0-63
Thread(s) per core: 2 //每個(gè)物理core有兩個(gè)超線程
Core(s) per socket: 16 //每路16個(gè)物理core
Socket(s): 2 //2路
NUMA node(s): 4
Vendor ID: HygonGenuine
CPU family: 24
Model: 1
Model name: Hygon C86 5280 16-core Processor
Stepping: 1
CPU MHz: 2455.552
CPU max MHz: 2500.0000
CPU min MHz: 1600.0000
BogoMIPS: 4999.26
Virtualization: AMD-V
L1d cache: 32K
L1i cache: 64K
L2 cache: 512K
L3 cache: 8192K
NUMA node0 CPU(s): 0-7,32-39
NUMA node1 CPU(s): 8-15,40-47
NUMA node2 CPU(s): 16-23,48-55
NUMA node3 CPU(s): 24-31,56-63
Flags: fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush mmx fxsr sse sse2 ht syscall nx mmxext fxsr_opt pdpe1gb rdtscp lm constant_tsc rep_good nopl nonstop_tsc cpuid extd_apicid amd_dcm aperfmperf pni pclmulqdq monitor ssse3 fma cx16 sse4_1 sse4_2 movbe popcnt xsave avx f16c rdrand lahf_lm cmp_legacy svm extapic cr8_legacy abm sse4a misalignsse 3dnowprefetch osvw skinit wdt tce topoext perfctr_core perfctr_nb bpext perfctr_llc mwaitx cpb hw_pstate sme ssbd sev ibpb vmmcall fsgsbase bmi1 avx2 smep bmi2 MySQLeed adx smap clflushopt sha_ni xsaveopt xsavec xgetbv1 xsaves clzero irperf xsaveerptr arat npt lbrv svm_lock nrip_save tsc_scale vmcb_clean flushbyasid decodeassists pausefilter pfthreshold avic v_vmsave_vmload vgif overflow_recov succor smca
?
#numactl -H
available: 4 nodes (0-3)
node 0 cpus: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39
node 0 size: 128854 MB
node 0 free: 89350 MB
node 1 cpus: 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47
node 1 size: 129019 MB
node 1 free: 89326 MB
node 2 cpus: 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55
node 2 size: 128965 MB
node 2 free: 86542 MB
node 3 cpus: 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63
node 3 size: 129020 MB
node 3 free: 98227 MB
node distances:
node 0 1 2 3
0: 10 16 28 22
1: 16 10 22 28
2: 28 22 10 16
3: 22 28 16 10
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這CPU據(jù)說是膠水核，也就是把兩個(gè)die拼一塊封裝成一塊CPU，所以一塊CPU內(nèi)跨die之間延遲還是很高的。
64 個(gè) core 的分配策略
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physical core processor
0 0~15 0~15
1 0~15 16~31
0 0~15 32~47
1 0~15 48~63
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Intel CPU
Cascade Lake架構(gòu)相對Broadwell L1沒變，L2從256K增加到1M增加了4倍，L3從2.5下降到1.38M每core
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#lscpu
Architecture: x86_64
CPU op-mode(s): 32-bit, 64-bit
Byte Order: Little Endian
CPU(s): 104
On-line CPU(s) list: 0-103
Thread(s) per core: 2
Core(s) per socket: 26
座： 2
NUMA 節(jié)點(diǎn)： 1
廠商 ID： GenuineIntel
CPU 系列： 6
型號： 85
型號名稱： Intel(R) Xeon(R) Platinum 8269CY CPU @ 2.50GHz
步進(jìn)： 7
CPU MHz： 1200.000
CPU max MHz: 2501.0000
CPU min MHz: 1200.0000
BogoMIPS： 5000.00
虛擬化： VT-x
L1d 緩存： 32K
L1i 緩存： 32K
L2 緩存： 1024K
L3 緩存： 36608K
NUMA 節(jié)點(diǎn)0 CPU： 0-103
Flags: fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm pbe syscall nx pdpe1gb rdtscp lm constant_tsc art arch_perfmon pebs bts rep_good nopl xtopology nonstop_tsc aperfmperf eagerfpu pni pclmulqdq dtes64 monitor ds_cpl vmx smx est tm2 ssse3 sdbg fma cx16 xtpr pdcm pcid dca sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic movbe popcnt tsc_deadline_timer aes xsave avx f16c rdrand lahf_lm abm 3dnowprefetch epb cat_l3 cdp_l3 intel_ppin intel_pt ssbd mba ibrs ibpb stibp ibrs_enhanced tpr_shadow vnmi flexpriority ept vpid fsgsbase tsc_adjust bmi1 hle avx2 smep bmi2 erms invpcid rtm cqm mpx rdt_a avx512f avx512dq rdseed adx smap clflushopt clwb avx512cd avx512bw avx512vl xsaveopt xsavec xgetbv1 cqm_llc cqm_occup_llc cqm_mbm_total cqm_mbm_local dtherm ida arat pln pts pku ospke avx512_vnni spec_ctrl intel_stibp flush_l1d arch_capabilities
?
# numactl -H
available: 1 nodes (0)
node 0 cpus: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103
node 0 size: 785826 MB
node 0 free: 108373 MB
node distances:
node 0
0: 10
?
//志強(qiáng)E5
#lscpu
Architecture: x86_64
CPU op-mode(s): 32-bit, 64-bit
Byte Order: Little Endian
CPU(s): 64
On-line CPU(s) list: 0-63
Thread(s) per core: 2
Core(s) per socket: 16
Socket(s): 2
NUMA node(s): 2
Vendor ID: GenuineIntel
CPU family: 6
Model: 79
Model name: Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2682 v4 @ 2.50GHz
Stepping: 1
CPU MHz: 2500.000
CPU max MHz: 3000.0000
CPU min MHz: 1200.0000
BogoMIPS: 5000.06
Virtualization: VT-x
L1d cache: 32K
L1i cache: 32K
L2 cache: 256K
L3 cache: 40960K
NUMA node0 CPU(s): 0-15,32-47
NUMA node1 CPU(s): 16-31,48-63
Flags: fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm pbe syscall nx pdpe1gb rdtscp lm constant_tsc arch_perfmon pebs bts rep_good nopl xtopology nonstop_tsc aperfmperf eagerfpu pni pclmulqdq dtes64 ds_cpl vmx smx est tm2 ssse3 fma cx16 xtpr pdcm pcid dca sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic movbe popcnt tsc_deadline_timer aes xsave avx f16c rdrand lahf_lm abm 3dnowprefetch ida arat epb invpcid_single pln pts dtherm spec_ctrl ibpb_support tpr_shadow vnmi flexpriority ept vpid fsgsbase tsc_adjust bmi1 hle avx2 smep bmi2 erms invpcid rtm cqm rdt rdseed adx smap xsaveopt cqm_llc cqm_occup_llc cqm_mbm_total cqm_mbm_local cat_l3
?
#numactl -H
available: 2 nodes (0-1)
node 0 cpus: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47
node 0 size: 262008 MB
node 0 free: 240846 MB
node 1 cpus: 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63
node 1 size: 262144 MB
node 1 free: 242774 MB
node distances:
node 0 1
0: 10 21
1: 21 10
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鯤鵬920
鯤鵬920-4826的L1比8269C 大一倍，但是L2小一倍。L3鯤鵬為1M/core 8269為1.38M/core(物理core）
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#lscpu
Architecture: aarch64
Byte Order: Little Endian
CPU(s): 96
On-line CPU(s) list: 0-95
Thread(s) per core: 1
Core(s) per socket: 48
Socket(s): 2
NUMA node(s): 1
Model: 0
CPU max MHz: 2600.0000
CPU min MHz: 200.0000
BogoMIPS: 200.00
L1d cache: 64K
L1i cache: 64K
L2 cache: 512K
L3 cache: 49152K
NUMA node0 CPU(s): 0-95
Flags: fp asimd evtstrm aes pmull sha1 sha2 crc32 atomics fphp asimdhp cpuid asimdrdm jscvt fcma dcpop asimddp asimdfhm
?
#numactl -H
available: 4 nodes (0-3)
node 0 cpus: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
node 0 size: 192832 MB
node 0 free: 187693 MB
node 1 cpus: 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47
node 1 size: 193533 MB
node 1 free: 191827 MB
node 2 cpus: 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
node 2 size: 193533 MB
node 2 free: 192422 MB
node 3 cpus: 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95
node 3 size: 193532 MB
node 3 free: 193139 MB
node distances:
node 0 1 2 3
0: 10 12 20 22
1: 12 10 22 24
2: 20 22 10 12
3: 22 24 12 10
?
#dmidecode -t processor | grep Version
Version: Kunpeng 920-4826
Version: Kunpeng 920-4826
?
?
以上四個(gè)鯤鵬920的四個(gè)NUMA node之間的距離描述如下：
node 0 <------------ socket distance ------------> node 2
| (die distance) | (die distance)
node 1 node 3
要注意node1到node3比node0到node3要大，猜測Socket之間的UPI只接上了node1和node2
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鯤鵬920架構(gòu)參考這里
Though Huawei has been keeping a tight lip on the chip design itself, the Hi1620 is actually a multi-chip design. Actually, we believe are three dies. The chip itself comprise two compute dies called the?Super CPU cluster?(SCCL), each one packing 32 cores. It’s also possible the SCCL only have 24 cores, in which case there are three such dies with a theoretical maximum core count of 72 cores possible but are not offered for yield reasons. Regardless of this, there are at least two SCCL dies for sure. Additionally, there is also an I/O die called the?Super IO Cluster?(SICL) which contains all the high-speed SerDes and low-speed I/Os.
下圖是6426型號，我測試用的是4826型號，也就是一個(gè)CPU內(nèi)是48core，一個(gè)CPU封裝3個(gè)Die，兩個(gè)Die是 core，還有一個(gè)是Super IO Cluster
鯤鵬命令規(guī)范：
鯤鵬 RoadMap
鯤鵬 Kunpeng 920-4826 跨numa性能比較
綁24core，跨numa0、numa3，是numactl -H看到的比較遠(yuǎn)距離。兩分鐘的 Current tpmC: 69660
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#taskset -a -cp 12-23,72-83 20799
?
#perf stat -e branch-misses,bus-cycles,cache-misses,cache-references,cpu-cycles,instructions,stalled-cycles-backend,stalled-cycles-frontend,L1-dcache-load-misses,L1-dcache-loads,L1-dcache-store-misses,L1-dcache-stores,L1-icache-load-misses,L1-icache-loads,branch-load-misses,branch-loads,dTLB-load-misses,dTLB-loads,iTLB-load-misses,iTLB-loads,cpu-migrations -p 20799
^C
Performance counter stats for process id '20799':
?
2,866,418,154 branch-misses (59.84%)
549,673,215,827 bus-cycles (59.89%)
2,179,816,578 cache-misses # 2.360 % of all cache refs (59.93%)
92,377,674,343 cache-references (60.04%)
549,605,057,475 cpu-cycles (65.05%)
229,958,980,614 instructions # 0.42 insn per cycle
# 1.31 stalled cycles per insn (65.05%)
146,201,062,116 stalled-cycles-backend # 26.60% backend cycles idle (65.08%)
301,814,831,043 stalled-cycles-frontend # 54.91% frontend cycles idle (65.08%)
2,177,062,319 L1-dcache-load-misses # 2.35% of all L1-dcache hits (65.04%)
92,481,797,426 L1-dcache-loads (65.11%)
2,175,030,428 L1-dcache-store-misses (65.15%)
92,507,474,710 L1-dcache-stores (65.14%)
9,299,812,249 L1-icache-load-misses # 12.47% of all L1-icache hits (65.20%)
74,579,909,037 L1-icache-loads (65.16%)
2,862,664,443 branch-load-misses (65.08%)
52,826,930,842 branch-loads (65.04%)
3,729,265,130 dTLB-load-misses # 3.11% of all dTLB cache hits (64.95%)
119,896,014,498 dTLB-loads (59.90%)
1,350,782,047 iTLB-load-misses # 1.83% of all iTLB cache hits (59.84%)
74,005,620,378 iTLB-loads (59.82%)
510 cpu-migrations
?
9.483137760 seconds time elapsed
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綁72-95core，在同一個(gè)numa下，但是沒有重啟進(jìn)程，導(dǎo)致有一半內(nèi)存仍然在numa0上，2分鐘的Current tpmC: 75900
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#taskset -a -cp 72-95 20799
?
#perf stat -e branch-misses,bus-cycles,cache-misses,cache-references,cpu-cycles,instructions,stalled-cycles-backend,stalled-cycles-frontend,L1-dcache-load-misses,L1-dcache-loads,L1-dcache-store-misses,L1-dcache-stores,L1-icache-load-misses,L1-icache-loads,branch-load-misses,branch-loads,dTLB-load-misses,dTLB-loads,iTLB-load-misses,iTLB-loads,cpu-migrations -p 20799
^C
Performance counter stats for process id '20799':
?
2,665,583,722 branch-misses (59.90%)
500,184,789,050 bus-cycles (59.95%)
1,997,726,097 cache-misses # 2.254 % of all cache refs (59.94%)
88,628,013,529 cache-references (59.93%)
500,111,712,450 cpu-cycles (64.98%)
221,098,464,920 instructions # 0.44 insn per cycle
# 1.35 stalled cycles per insn (65.02%)
105,957,124,479 stalled-cycles-backend # 21.19% backend cycles idle (65.02%)
298,186,439,955 stalled-cycles-frontend # 59.62% frontend cycles idle (65.02%)
1,996,313,908 L1-dcache-load-misses # 2.25% of all L1-dcache hits (65.04%)
88,701,699,646 L1-dcache-loads (65.09%)
1,997,851,364 L1-dcache-store-misses (65.10%)
88,614,658,960 L1-dcache-stores (65.10%)
8,635,807,737 L1-icache-load-misses # 12.30% of all L1-icache hits (65.13%)
70,233,323,630 L1-icache-loads (65.16%)
2,665,567,783 branch-load-misses (65.10%)
50,482,936,168 branch-loads (65.09%)
3,614,564,473 dTLB-load-misses # 3.15% of all dTLB cache hits (65.04%)
114,619,822,486 dTLB-loads (59.96%)
1,270,926,362 iTLB-load-misses # 1.81% of all iTLB cache hits (59.97%)
70,248,645,721 iTLB-loads (59.94%)
128 cpu-migrations
?
8.610934700 seconds time elapsed
?
#/root/numa-maps-summary.pl </proc/20799/numa_maps
N0 : 8220658 ( 31.36 GB)
N1 : 38620 ( 0.15 GB)
N2 : 480619 ( 1.83 GB)
N3 : 8281759 ( 31.59 GB)
active : 28797 ( 0.11 GB)
anon : 17015902 ( 64.91 GB)
dirty : 16990615 ( 64.81 GB)
kernelpagesize_kB: 9076 ( 0.03 GB)
mapmax : 760 ( 0.00 GB)
mapped : 5754 ( 0.02 GB)
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重啟進(jìn)程后繼續(xù)綁72-95core，在同一個(gè)numa下，先進(jìn)成充分熱身，然后2分鐘的 Current tpmC: 77880
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#perf stat -e branch-misses,bus-cycles,cache-misses,cache-references,cpu-cycles,instructions,stalled-cycles-backend,stalled-cycles-frontend,L1-dcache-load-misses,L1-dcache-loads,L1-dcache-store-misses,L1-dcache-stores,L1-icache-load-misses,L1-icache-loads,branch-load-misses,branch-loads,dTLB-load-misses,dTLB-loads,iTLB-load-misses,iTLB-loads,cpu-migrations -p 49512
^C
Performance counter stats for process id '49512':
?
1,849,313,199 branch-misses (59.99%)
319,122,053,367 bus-cycles (60.02%)
1,319,212,546 cache-misses # 2.238 % of all cache refs (59.95%)
58,950,581,370 cache-references (60.02%)
319,088,767,311 cpu-cycles (65.01%)
146,580,891,374 instructions # 0.46 insn per cycle
# 1.32 stalled cycles per insn (65.01%)
61,109,919,226 stalled-cycles-backend # 19.15% backend cycles idle (65.04%)
193,963,590,196 stalled-cycles-frontend # 60.79% frontend cycles idle (65.06%)
1,319,593,051 L1-dcache-load-misses # 2.24% of all L1-dcache hits (65.03%)
58,967,303,454 L1-dcache-loads (65.04%)
1,318,842,690 L1-dcache-store-misses (65.13%)
58,988,059,583 L1-dcache-stores (65.07%)
5,769,871,870 L1-icache-load-misses # 12.25% of all L1-icache hits (65.12%)
47,085,299,316 L1-icache-loads (65.10%)
1,850,419,802 branch-load-misses (65.03%)
33,687,548,636 branch-loads (65.08%)
2,375,028,039 dTLB-load-misses # 3.12% of all dTLB cache hits (65.08%)
76,113,084,244 dTLB-loads (60.01%)
825,388,210 iTLB-load-misses # 1.75% of all iTLB cache hits (59.99%)
47,092,738,092 iTLB-loads (59.95%)
49 cpu-migrations
?
#/root/numa-maps-summary.pl </proc/49512/numa_maps
N0 : 5765 ( 0.02 GB)
N1 : 41599 ( 0.16 GB)
N2 : 566 ( 0.00 GB)
N3 : 16955491 ( 64.68 GB)
active : 30430 ( 0.12 GB)
anon : 16997663 ( 64.84 GB)
dirty : 16989252 ( 64.81 GB)
kernelpagesize_kB: 9020 ( 0.03 GB)
mapmax : 745 ( 0.00 GB)
mapped : 5758 ( 0.02 GB)
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IPC從0.42到0.44再到0.46，tpmC也不斷增加，整體壓力都不大只壓了25%的CPU，所以跨NUMA大概有10%的性能差異. IPC也是0.42 VS 0.46 。測試場景是DRDS Server服務(wù)。
如果跨4core綁定core的話最好和最差綁法性能會下降25-30%，四個(gè)core綁不同numa的性能比較
| 被壓進(jìn)程綁定的core id | tpmC |
|---|---|
| 72,73,74,75 | 14460 |
| 48,49,72,73 | 13800 |
| 24,25,72,73 | 11760 |
| 0,1,72,73 | 11940 |
| 0,24,48,72 | 10800 |
飛騰2500
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#lscpu
Architecture: aarch64
Byte Order: Little Endian
CPU(s): 128
On-line CPU(s) list: 0-127
Thread(s) per core: 1
Core(s) per socket: 64
Socket(s): 2
NUMA node(s): 16
Model: 3
BogoMIPS: 100.00
L1d cache: 32K
L1i cache: 32K
L2 cache: 2048K
L3 cache: 65536K
NUMA node0 CPU(s): 0-7
NUMA node1 CPU(s): 8-15
NUMA node2 CPU(s): 16-23
NUMA node3 CPU(s): 24-31
NUMA node4 CPU(s): 32-39
NUMA node5 CPU(s): 40-47
NUMA node6 CPU(s): 48-55
NUMA node7 CPU(s): 56-63
NUMA node8 CPU(s): 64-71
NUMA node9 CPU(s): 72-79
NUMA node10 CPU(s): 80-87
NUMA node11 CPU(s): 88-95
NUMA node12 CPU(s): 96-103
NUMA node13 CPU(s): 104-111
NUMA node14 CPU(s): 112-119
NUMA node15 CPU(s): 120-127
Flags: fp asimd evtstrm aes pmull sha1 sha2 crc32 cpuid
?
node distances:
node 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
0: 10 20 40 30 20 30 50 40 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
1: 20 10 30 40 50 20 40 50 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
2: 40 30 10 20 40 50 20 30 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
3: 30 40 20 10 30 20 40 50 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
4: 20 50 40 30 10 50 30 20 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
5: 30 20 50 20 50 10 50 40 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
6: 50 40 20 40 30 50 10 30 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
7: 40 50 30 50 20 40 30 10 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
8: 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 10 20 40 30 20 30 50 40
9: 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 20 10 30 40 50 20 40 50
10: 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 40 30 10 20 40 50 20 30
11: 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 30 40 20 10 30 20 40 50
12: 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 20 50 40 30 10 50 30 20
13: 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 30 20 50 20 50 10 50 40
14: 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 50 40 20 40 30 50 10 30
15: 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 40 50 30 50 20 40 30 10
?
#dmidecode -t processor
# dmidecode 3.0
Getting SMBIOS data from sysfs.
SMBIOS 3.2.0 present.
# SMBIOS implementations newer than version 3.0 are not
# fully supported by this version of dmidecode.
?
Handle 0x0004, DMI type 4, 48 bytes
Processor Information
Socket Designation: BGA3576
Type: Central Processor
Family: <OUT OF SPEC>
Manufacturer: PHYTIUM
ID: 00 00 00 00 70 1F 66 22
Version: FT2500
Voltage: 0.8 V
External Clock: 50 MHz
Max Speed: 2100 MHz
Current Speed: 2100 MHz
Status: Populated, Enabled
Upgrade: Other
L1 Cache Handle: 0x0005
L2 Cache Handle: 0x0007
L3 Cache Handle: 0x0008
Serial Number: 1234567
Asset Tag: No Asset Tag
Part Number: NULL
Core Count: 64
Core Enabled: 64
Thread Count: 64
Characteristics:
64-bit capable
Multi-Core
Hardware Thread
Execute Protection
Enhanced Virtualization
Power/Performance Control
|
申威3231
申威系列微處理器的開發(fā)主要是被中華人民共和國用于軍事方面[來源請求]。根據(jù)部分公開信息表明，此系列的微體系架構(gòu)基于DEC Alpha派生而來。[1][2]而SW-3/SW1600處理器則是基于Alpha 21164。[3]
不過申威系列最新的SW26010處理器，目前沒有詳細(xì)的信息表明它是基于DEC Alpha微架構(gòu)的派生品。[4][5]不過處理器的處理器核心結(jié)構(gòu)布局，則是類似于基于POWER指令集架構(gòu)的Cell微架構(gòu))。
申威 3231處理器是基于第三代“申威 64” 二次優(yōu)化版核心（C3B）的國產(chǎn)高性能多核處理器。3231的內(nèi)核與1621屬于同一代，采用新一代工藝，最高主頻2.5Ghz，32核心，3231基本上可以視為1621換工藝后的32核版本，主要面向高性能計(jì)算和高端服務(wù)器應(yīng)用。
申威 3231采用“申威64”自主指令系統(tǒng)；
基于第三代“申威 64”二次優(yōu)化版核心（C3B）的32核64位通用處理器;
采用CC-NUMA多核結(jié)構(gòu)和SoC技術(shù)，片內(nèi)包含8路DDR4存儲控制器接口以及40lane的PCI-E 4.0標(biāo)準(zhǔn)I/O接口；
集成3路直連接口，可構(gòu)建2路或4路服務(wù)器系統(tǒng)；
計(jì)算性能：雙精度浮點(diǎn)性能可達(dá)1280GFlops，整數(shù)性能可達(dá)880Gops；
訪存性能：最大傳輸率為3200Mbps，最大總存儲器容量2TB；
I/O性能：雙向聚合有效帶寬可達(dá)到160GB/s，支持I/O虛擬化。
3232推出的時(shí)間會比3231遲一些，采用新一代CPU核，IPC會非常驚人，保底10/G，爭取12/G，考慮倒申威團(tuán)隊(duì)一向嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，以及過去基本沒有讓大家失望過，因而對3232的IPC，可以采用就高原則。
申威 3231架構(gòu)
申威 6B 芯片結(jié)構(gòu)的主要特點(diǎn)如下：
- 全芯片集成 32 個(gè)物理核心，每個(gè)物理核心支持 1 個(gè)線程，軟件可見 32 個(gè)邏輯核心；
-
每個(gè)物理核心集成 32KB L1 指令 Cache（ICache）、32KB L1 數(shù)據(jù) Cache（DCache）和 512KB 的 L2 Cache（SCache），核心內(nèi)的所有 Cache 為核心私有 Cache；
-
全芯片集成 64MB 的 L3 Cache（TCache），本芯片內(nèi)所有核心分布共享，TCache 由16 個(gè)體組成，每個(gè)體跟2 個(gè)物理核心及其對應(yīng)的管理部件（LCPM）一起組成一個(gè)核組，連接在環(huán)網(wǎng)節(jié)點(diǎn)上，核心訪問不同 TCache 體中的副本延遲略有不同；
-
存儲器接口：全芯片集成 8 個(gè) DDR4 存儲器通道，每個(gè)通道數(shù)據(jù)寬度為 72bit（含 8 位 ECC），支持 UDIMM、RDIMM 和 LRDIMM，單通道內(nèi)存容量最大支持 256GB 容量，單通道帶寬可達(dá) 25.6GB/s（DDR4-3200）；每4 個(gè)存儲器通道對應(yīng)一個(gè)主存代理部件（GCPM），所有核心和 IO 設(shè)備都可訪問；
-
PCIe 接口：全芯片集成 40 Lane 的 PCIe 4.0 鏈路，支持 x4、x8 和 x16 靈活配置，最大支持 6 個(gè) RC；
-
直連接口：全芯片集成 3 路直連接口，可構(gòu)建 2 路或 4 路服務(wù)器系統(tǒng)，每路直連接口為9 個(gè)lane的serdes 接口，接口速率為28Gbps；
-
維護(hù)調(diào)試測試接口：維護(hù)控制部件實(shí)現(xiàn)芯片配置、初始引導(dǎo)以及提供各種維護(hù)和調(diào)試支持。維護(hù)控制部件支持芯片的上電初始化、配置加載、存儲器讀寫或 IO 讀寫、維護(hù)中斷以及內(nèi)部狀態(tài)的掃描觀測等。支持外部維護(hù)通過 Jtag 接口進(jìn)行初始引導(dǎo)；支持通過 SPI Master 接口從 SPI Flash中進(jìn)行自舉引導(dǎo)；
- 集成三套 I2C 接口、一套 Uart、GPIO 和 LPC 低速接口。
申威1621處理器是基于第三代“申威64”核心（增強(qiáng)版）的國產(chǎn)高性能多核處理器，主要面向高性能計(jì)算和中高端服務(wù)器應(yīng)用。目前，該處理器已經(jīng)實(shí)現(xiàn)量產(chǎn)。
申威1621采用對稱多核結(jié)構(gòu)和SoC技術(shù)，單芯片集成了16個(gè)64位RISC結(jié)構(gòu)的申威處理器核心，目標(biāo)設(shè)計(jì)主頻為2GHz。芯片還集成八路DDR3存儲控制器和雙路PCI-E3.0標(biāo)準(zhǔn)I/O接口。
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#dmidecode -t processor
# dmidecode 3.0
Getting SMBIOS data from sysfs.
SMBIOS 3.2.0 present.
# SMBIOS implementations newer than version 3.0 are not
# fully supported by this version of dmidecode.
?
Handle 0x0022, DMI type 4, 48 bytes
Processor Information
Socket Designation: CPU 0
Type: Central Processor
Family: Other
Manufacturer: SW3231
ID: 28 00 C8 80 01 00 00 00
Version: Product
Voltage: 3.3 V
External Clock: 200 MHz
Max Speed: 2400 MHz
Current Speed: 2400 MHz
Status: Unpopulated
Upgrade: Other
L1 Cache Handle: 0x2000
L2 Cache Handle: 0x2002
L3 Cache Handle: 0x2003
Serial Number: .......
Asset Tag: Asset Tag#To Be Filled By O.E.M.
Part Number: Part Number#To Be Filled By O.E.M.
Core Count: 32
Core Enabled: 32
Thread Count: 0
Characteristics:
64-bit capable
?
Handle 0x0023, DMI type 4, 48 bytes
Processor Information
Socket Designation: CPU 1
Type: Central Processor
Family: Other
Manufacturer: SW3231
ID: 28 00 C8 80 01 00 00 00
Version: Product
Voltage: 3.3 V
External Clock: 200 MHz
Max Speed: 2400 MHz
Current Speed: 2400 MHz
Status: Unpopulated
Upgrade: Other
L1 Cache Handle: 0x2000
L2 Cache Handle: 0x2002
L3 Cache Handle: 0x2003
Serial Number: .......
Asset Tag: Asset Tag#To Be Filled By O.E.M.
Part Number: Part Number#To Be Filled By O.E.M.
Core Count: 32
Core Enabled: 32
Thread Count: 0
Characteristics:
64-bit capable
?
?
[root@d22b04001.cloud.b04.amtest11 /root] 193E_OPS1
#numactl -H
available: 2 nodes (0-1)
node 0 cpus: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
node 0 size: 259482 MB
node 0 free: 121171 MB
node 1 cpus: 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63
node 1 size: 260091 MB
node 1 free: 88564 MB
node distances:
node 0 1
0: 10 20
1: 20 10
?
#lscpu
Architecture: sw_64
CPU op-mode(s): 64-bit
Byte Order: Little Endian
CPU(s): 64
On-line CPU(s) list: 0-63
Thread(s) per core: 1
Core(s) per socket: 32
Socket(s): 2
NUMA node(s): 2
Vendor ID: sw
CPU family: 6
Model: 6
Model name: sw
CPU MHz: 2400.00
BogoMIPS: 4800.00
NUMA node0 CPU(s): 0-31
NUMA node1 CPU(s): 32-63
|
openssl speed aes-256-ige性能比較
測試腳本
openssl speed aes-256-ige -multi 1
單核能力
| Intel (52物理core) | aes-256 ige 89602.86k 97498.37k 98271.49k 98399.91k 89101.65k |
|---|---|
| 海光（32物理core） | aes-256 ige 76919.66k 77935.81k 79201.88k 79529.30k 79555.24k |
| 鯤鵬920（96物理core) | aes-256 ige 133174.89k 140578.99k 142156.46k 142663.34k 143196.16k |
測試32個(gè)線程并行
| Intel (52物理core) | aes-256 ige 2642742.25k 2690638.98k 2703860.74k 2734114.82k 2680422.40 |
|---|---|
| 海光（32物理core） | aes-256 ige 2464568.75k 2499381.80k 2528665.34k 2544845.14k 2550723.93k |
| 鯤鵬920（96物理core) | aes-256 ige 4261589.92k 4501245.55k 4552731.56k 4570456.75k 4584330.58k |
將所有核跑滿包括HT
| Intel (52物理core) | aes-256 ige 4869950.82k 5179884.71k 5135412.14k 5211367.08k 5247858.60k |
|---|---|
| 海光（32物理core） | aes-256 ige 2730195.74k 2836759.53k 2865252.35k 2857900.71k 2884302.17k |
| 鯤鵬920（96物理core) | aes-256 ige 12788358.79k 13502288.53k 13657385.98k 13710908.76k 13751432.53k |
單核計(jì)算 7^999999” 的性能對比
測試命令：bash -c ‘echo “7^999999” | bc > /dev/null’
| ? | 執(zhí)行時(shí)間(秒) | IPC | 主頻 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 海光 | 26.729972414 | 0.92 | 2.5G |
| 鯤鵬920 | 24.604603640 | 1.84 | 2.6G |
| 飛騰2500 | 39.654819568 | 0.43 | 2.1G |
| Intel | 18.603323495 | 2.19 | 2.5G |
| 710 | 15.832394912 | 2.64 | 2.75G |
當(dāng)然也可以通過計(jì)算pi值來測試
bash -c ‘ echo “scale=5000; 4*a(1)” | bc -l -q >/dev/null ‘
| ? | 執(zhí)行時(shí)間(秒) | 主頻 |
|---|---|---|
| 海光 | 31.061s | 2.5G |
| 鯤鵬920 | 23.521s | 2.6G |
| 飛騰2500 | ? | 2.1G |
| Intel | 22.979s(8163) | 2.5G |
| 710 | 15.570s | 2.75G |
多核一起跑的話可以這樣:
for i in {0..95}; do time echo “scale=5000; 4*a(1)” | bc -l -q >/dev/null & done
perf stat -e branch-misses,bus-cycles,cache-misses,cache-references,cpu-cycles,instructions,stalled-cycles-backend,stalled-cycles-frontend,L1-dcache-load-misses,L1-dcache-loads,L1-dcache-store-misses,L1-dcache-stores,L1-icache-load-misses,L1-icache-loads,branch-load-misses,branch-loads,dTLB-load-misses,dTLB-loads,iTLB-load-misses,iTLB-loads –
710
耗時(shí)15.83秒，ipc 2.64
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perf stat -e branch-misses,bus-cycles,cache-misses,cache-references,cpu-cycles,instructions,stalled-cycles-backend,stalled-cycles-frontend,alignment-faults,bpf-output,context-switches,cpu-clock,cpu-migrations,dummy,emulation-faults,major-faults,minor-faults,page-faults,task-clock,L1-dcache-load-misses,L1-dcache-loads,L1-icache-load-misses,L1-icache-loads,LLC-load-misses,LLC-loads,branch-load-misses,branch-loads,dTLB-load-misses,dTLB-loads,iTLB-load-misses,iTLB-loads -- bash -c 'echo "7^999999" | bc > /dev/null'
?
Performance counter stats for 'bash -c echo "7^999999" | bc > /dev/null':
?
985,496,277 branch-misses (29.97%)
43,509,183,948 bus-cycles # 2748.210 M/sec (29.97%)
7,068,868 cache-misses # 0.020 % of all cache refs (29.96%)
35,165,185,942 cache-references # 2221.170 M/sec (29.97%)
43,508,579,063 cpu-cycles # 2.748 GHz (34.97%)
114,779,081,188 instructions # 2.64 insn per cycle
# 0.04 stalled cycles per insn (34.99%)
4,913,750,141 stalled-cycles-backend # 11.29% backend cycles idle (35.02%)
4,255,139,235 stalled-cycles-frontend # 9.78% frontend cycles idle (35.02%)
0 alignment-faults # 0.000 K/sec
0 bpf-output # 0.000 K/sec
24 context-switches # 0.002 K/sec
15,831.82 msec cpu-clock # 1.000 CPUs utilized
|
intel
耗時(shí)18.60秒，ipc 2.19
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# sudo perf stat -e branch-instructions,branch-misses,bus-cycles,cache-misses,cache-references,cpu-cycles,instructions,ref-cycles,L1-dcache-load-misses,L1-dcache-loads,L1-dcache-stores,L1-icache-load-misses,LLC-load-misses,LLC-loads,LLC-store-misses,LLC-stores,branch-load-misses,branch-loads,dTLB-load-misses,dTLB-loads,dTLB-store-misses,dTLB-stores,iTLB-load-misses,iTLB-loads,node-load-misses,node-loads,node-store-misses,node-stores -- bash -c 'echo "7^999999" | bc > /dev/null'
?
Performance counter stats for 'bash -c echo "7^999999" | bc > /dev/null':
?
25,130,886,211 branch-instructions (10.72%)
1,200,086,175 branch-misses # 4.78% of all branches (14.29%)
460,824,074 bus-cycles (14.29%)
1,983,459 cache-misses # 46.066 % of all cache refs (14.30%)
4,305,730 cache-references (14.30%)
58,626,314,801 cpu-cycles (17.87%)
128,284,870,917 instructions # 2.19 insn per cycle (21.45%)
46,040,656,499 ref-cycles (25.02%)
22,821,794 L1-dcache-load-misses # 0.10% of all L1-dcache hits (25.02%)
23,041,732,649 L1-dcache-loads (25.01%)
5,386,243,625 L1-dcache-stores (25.00%)
12,443,154 L1-icache-load-misses (25.00%)
178,790 LLC-load-misses # 30.52% of all LL-cache hits (14.28%)
585,724 LLC-loads (14.28%)
469,381 LLC-store-misses (7.14%)
664,865 LLC-stores (7.14%)
1,201,547,113 branch-load-misses (10.71%)
25,139,625,428 branch-loads (14.28%)
63,334 dTLB-load-misses # 0.00% of all dTLB cache hits (14.28%)
23,023,969,089 dTLB-loads (14.28%)
17,355 dTLB-store-misses (14.28%)
5,378,496,562 dTLB-stores (14.28%)
341,119 iTLB-load-misses # 119.92% of all iTLB cache hits (14.28%)
284,445 iTLB-loads (14.28%)
151,608 node-load-misses (14.28%)
37,553 node-loads (14.29%)
434,537 node-store-misses (7.14%)
65,709 node-stores (7.14%)
?
18.603323495 seconds time elapsed
?
18.525904000 seconds user
0.015197000 seconds sys
|
鯤鵬920
耗時(shí)24.6秒, IPC 1.84
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#perf stat -e branch-misses,bus-cycles,cache-misses,cache-references,cpu-cycles,instructions,stalled-cycles-backend,stalled-cycles-frontend,L1-dcache-load-misses,L1-dcache-loads,L1-dcache-store-misses,L1-dcache-stores,L1-icache-load-misses,L1-icache-loads,branch-load-misses,branch-loads,dTLB-load-misses,dTLB-loads,iTLB-load-misses,iTLB-loads -- bash -c 'echo "7^999999" | bc > /dev/null'
?
Performance counter stats for 'bash -c echo "7^999999" | bc > /dev/null':
?
1,467,769,425 branch-misses (59.94%)
63,866,536,853 bus-cycles (59.94%)
6,571,273 cache-misses # 0.021 % of all cache refs (59.94%)
30,768,754,927 cache-references (59.96%)
63,865,354,560 cpu-cycles (64.97%)
117,790,453,518 instructions # 1.84 insns per cycle
# 0.07 stalled cycles per insn (64.98%)
833,090,930 stalled-cycles-backend # 1.30% backend cycles idle (65.00%)
7,918,227,782 stalled-cycles-frontend # 12.40% frontend cycles idle (65.01%)
6,962,902 L1-dcache-load-misses # 0.02% of all L1-dcache hits (65.03%)
30,804,266,645 L1-dcache-loads (65.05%)
6,960,157 L1-dcache-store-misses (65.06%)
30,807,954,068 L1-dcache-stores (65.06%)
1,012,171 L1-icache-load-misses (65.06%)
45,256,066,296 L1-icache-loads (65.04%)
1,470,467,198 branch-load-misses (65.03%)
27,108,794,972 branch-loads (65.01%)
475,707 dTLB-load-misses # 0.00% of all dTLB cache hits (65.00%)
35,159,826,836 dTLB-loads (59.97%)
912 iTLB-load-misses # 0.00% of all iTLB cache hits (59.96%)
45,325,885,822 iTLB-loads (59.94%)
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24.604603640 seconds time elapsed
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海光
耗時(shí) 26.73秒, IPC 0.92
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sudo perf stat -e branch-instructions,branch-misses,cache-references,cpu-cycles,instructions,stalled-cycles-backend,stalled-cycles-frontend,L1-dcache-load-misses,L1-dcache-loads,L1-dcache-prefetches,L1-icache-load-misses,L1-icache-loads,branch-load-misses,branch-loads,dTLB-load-misses,dTLB-loads,iTLB-load-misses,iTLB-loads -a -- bash -c 'echo "7^999999" | bc > /dev/null'
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Performance counter stats for 'system wide':
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57,795,675,025 branch-instructions (27.78%)
2,459,509,459 branch-misses # 4.26% of all branches (27.78%)
12,171,133,272 cache-references (27.79%)
317,353,262,523 cpu-cycles (27.79%)
293,162,940,548 instructions # 0.92 insn per cycle
# 0.19 stalled cycles per insn (27.79%)
55,152,807,029 stalled-cycles-backend # 17.38% backend cycles idle (27.79%)
44,410,732,991 stalled-cycles-frontend # 13.99% frontend cycles idle (27.79%)
4,065,273,083 L1-dcache-load-misses # 3.58% of all L1-dcache hits (27.79%)
113,699,208,151 L1-dcache-loads (27.79%)
1,351,513,191 L1-dcache-prefetches (27.79%)
2,091,035,340 L1-icache-load-misses # 4.43% of all L1-icache hits (27.79%)
47,240,289,316 L1-icache-loads (27.79%)
2,459,838,728 branch-load-misses (27.79%)
57,855,156,991 branch-loads (27.78%)
69,731,473 dTLB-load-misses # 20.40% of all dTLB cache hits (27.78%)
341,773,319 dTLB-loads (27.78%)
26,351,132 iTLB-load-misses # 15.91% of all iTLB cache hits (27.78%)
165,656,863 iTLB-loads (27.78%)
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26.729972414 seconds time elapsed
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飛騰
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time perf stat -e branch-misses,bus-cycles,cache-misses,cache-references,cpu-cycles,instructions,L1-dcache-load-misses,L1-dcache-loads,L1-dcache-store-misses,L1-dcache-stores,L1-icache-load-misses,L1-icache-loads,branch-load-misses,branch-loads,dTLB-load-misses,iTLB-load-misses -a -- bash -c 'echo "7^999999" | bc > /dev/null'
?
Performance counter stats for 'system wide':
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2552812813 branch-misses (38.08%)
602038279874 bus-cycles (37.54%)
1742826523 cache-misses # 2.017 % of all cache refs (37.54%)
86400294181 cache-references (37.55%)
612467194375 cpu-cycles (43.79%)
263691445872 instructions # 0.43 insns per cycle (43.79%)
1706247569 L1-dcache-load-misses # 2.00% of all L1-dcache hits (43.78%)
85122454139 L1-dcache-loads (43.77%)
1711243358 L1-dcache-store-misses (39.38%)
86288158984 L1-dcache-stores (37.52%)
2006641212 L1-icache-load-misses (37.51%)
146380907111 L1-icache-loads (37.51%)
2560208048 branch-load-misses (37.52%)
63127187342 branch-loads (41.38%)
768494735 dTLB-load-misses (43.77%)
124424415 iTLB-load-misses (43.77%)
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39.654819568 seconds time elapsed
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real 0m39.763s
user 0m39.635s
sys 0m0.127s
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perf 數(shù)據(jù)對比
Intel
intel的cpu隨著線程的增加，ipc穩(wěn)定減少，但不是線性的
海光
如下數(shù)據(jù)可以看到在用滿32個(gè)物理core之前，ipc保持穩(wěn)定，超過32core后隨著并發(fā)增加ipc相應(yīng)減少，性能再也上不去了。
鯤鵬920
可以看到鯤鵬920多核跑openssl是沒有什么爭搶的，所以還能保證完全線性
小結(jié)
intel的流水線適合跑高帶寬應(yīng)用，不適合跑密集計(jì)算應(yīng)用，也就是intel的pipeline數(shù)量少，但是內(nèi)存讀寫上面優(yōu)化好，亂序優(yōu)化好。跑純計(jì)算，不是intel的強(qiáng)項(xiàng)。
數(shù)據(jù)庫場景下鯤鵬920大概相當(dāng)于X86的70%的能力
prime計(jì)算一般走的fpu，不走cpu
intel x86 cpu bound和memory bond數(shù)據(jù)
測試代碼
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char a = 1;
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void memory_bound() {
register unsigned i=0;
register char b;
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for (i=0;i<(1u<<24);i++) {
// evict cacheline containing a
_mm_clflush(&a);
b = a;
}
}
void cpu_bound() {
register unsigned i=0;
for (i=0;i<(1u<<31);i++) {
__asm__ ("nop\nnop\nnop");
}
}
int main() {
int i=0;
for(i=0;i<10; ++i){
//cpu_bound();
memory_bound();
}
return 0;
}
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測試結(jié)果
cpu_bound部分飛騰只有intel性能的30%
如下測試perf數(shù)據(jù)可以看到IPC的明顯差異
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sudo perf stat -e branch-instructions,branch-misses,bus-cycles,cache-misses,cache-references,cpu-cycles,instructions,ref-cycles,L1-dcache-load-misses,L1-dcache-loads,L1-dcache-stores,L1-icache-load-misses,LLC-load-misses,LLC-loads,LLC-store-misses,LLC-stores,branch-load-misses,branch-loads,dTLB-load-misses,dTLB-loads,dTLB-store-misses,dTLB-stores,iTLB-load-misses,iTLB-loads,node-load-misses,node-loads,node-store-misses,node-stores -a ./memory_bound
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Performance counter stats for 'system wide':
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36,162,872,212 branch-instructions (14.21%)
586,644,153 branch-misses # 1.62% of all branches (12.95%)
4,632,787,085 bus-cycles (14.40%)
476,189,785 cache-misses # 17.714 % of all cache refs (14.38%)
2,688,284,129 cache-references (14.35%)
258,946,713,506 cpu-cycles (17.93%)
181,069,328,200 instructions # 0.70 insn per cycle (21.51%)
456,889,428,341 ref-cycles (22.31%)
3,928,434,098 L1-dcache-load-misses # 7.46% of all L1-dcache hits (14.21%)
52,656,559,902 L1-dcache-loads (14.31%)
26,711,751,387 L1-dcache-stores (14.30%)
2,618,739,340 L1-icache-load-misses (18.05%)
154,326,888 LLC-load-misses # 8.60% of all LL-cache hits (19.84%)
1,795,112,198 LLC-loads (9.81%)
66,802,375 LLC-store-misses (10.19%)
206,810,811 LLC-stores (11.16%)
586,120,789 branch-load-misses (14.28%)
36,121,237,395 branch-loads (14.29%)
114,927,298 dTLB-load-misses # 0.22% of all dTLB cache hits (14.29%)
52,902,163,128 dTLB-loads (14.29%)
7,010,297 dTLB-store-misses (14.29%)
26,587,353,417 dTLB-stores (18.00%)
106,209,281 iTLB-load-misses # 174.17% of all iTLB cache hits (19.33%)
60,978,626 iTLB-loads (21.53%)
117,197,042 node-load-misses (19.71%)
35,764,508 node-loads (11.65%)
57,655,994 node-store-misses (7.80%)
11,563,328 node-stores (9.45%)
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16.700731355 seconds time elapsed
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# sudo perf stat -e branch-instructions,branch-misses,bus-cycles,cache-misses,cache-references,cpu-cycles,instructions,ref-cycles,L1-dcache-load-misses,L1-dcache-loads,L1-dcache-stores,L1-icache-load-misses,LLC-load-misses,LLC-loads,LLC-store-misses,LLC-stores,branch-load-misses,branch-loads,dTLB-load-misses,dTLB-loads,dTLB-store-misses,dTLB-stores,iTLB-load-misses,iTLB-loads,node-load-misses,node-loads,node-store-misses,node-stores -a ./cpu_bound
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Performance counter stats for 'system wide':
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43,013,055,562 branch-instructions (14.33%)
436,722,063 branch-misses # 1.02% of all branches (11.58%)
3,154,327,457 bus-cycles (14.31%)
306,977,772 cache-misses # 17.837 % of all cache refs (14.42%)
1,721,062,233 cache-references (14.39%)
176,119,834,487 cpu-cycles (17.98%)
276,038,539,571 instructions # 1.57 insn per cycle (21.55%)
309,334,354,268 ref-cycles (22.31%)
2,551,915,790 L1-dcache-load-misses # 6.78% of all L1-dcache hits (13.12%)
37,638,319,334 L1-dcache-loads (14.32%)
19,132,537,445 L1-dcache-stores (15.73%)
1,834,976,400 L1-icache-load-misses (18.90%)
131,307,343 LLC-load-misses # 11.46% of all LL-cache hits (19.94%)
1,145,964,874 LLC-loads (16.60%)
45,561,247 LLC-store-misses (8.11%)
140,236,535 LLC-stores (9.60%)
423,294,349 branch-load-misses (14.27%)
46,645,623,485 branch-loads (14.28%)
73,377,533 dTLB-load-misses # 0.19% of all dTLB cache hits (14.28%)
37,905,428,246 dTLB-loads (15.69%)
4,969,973 dTLB-store-misses (17.21%)
18,729,947,580 dTLB-stores (19.71%)
72,073,313 iTLB-load-misses # 167.86% of all iTLB cache hits (20.60%)
42,935,532 iTLB-loads (19.16%)
112,306,453 node-load-misses (15.35%)
37,239,267 node-loads (7.44%)
37,455,335 node-store-misses (10.00%)
8,134,155 node-stores (8.87%)
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10.838808208 seconds time elapsed
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飛騰
ipc 大概是intel的30%，加上主頻也要差一些，
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time perf stat -e branch-misses,bus-cycles,cache-misses,cache-references,cpu-cycles,instructions,L1-dcache-load-misses,L1-dcache-loads,L1-dcache-store-misses,L1-dcache-stores,L1-icache-load-misses,L1-icache-loads,branch-load-misses,branch-loads,dTLB-load-misses,iTLB-load-misses -a ./cpu_bound
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Performance counter stats for 'system wide':
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10496356859 branch-misses (37.60%)
2813170983911 bus-cycles (37.58%)
17604745519 cache-misses # 3.638 % of all cache refs (37.55%)
483878256161 cache-references (37.54%)
2818545529083 cpu-cycles (43.78%)
1280497827941 instructions # 0.45 insns per cycle (43.78%)
17623592806 L1-dcache-load-misses # 3.65% of all L1-dcache hits (43.78%)
482429613337 L1-dcache-loads (41.83%)
17604561232 L1-dcache-store-misses (37.53%)
484126081882 L1-dcache-stores (37.52%)
17774514325 L1-icache-load-misses (37.50%)
641046300400 L1-icache-loads (37.50%)
10574973722 branch-load-misses (39.45%)
273851009656 branch-loads (43.76%)
9457594390 dTLB-load-misses (43.77%)
1813954093 iTLB-load-misses (43.77%)
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31.172754504 seconds time elapsed
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real 0m31.284s
user 0m31.096s
sys 0m0.165s
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unixBench 5.1.3 性能對比
測試命令： ./Run -c 1 -c 4
| 芯片 | 架構(gòu) | 邏輯核數(shù) | 單核能力 | 4核能力 | 單核比值 | 4核比值 | 整機(jī)對比 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intel 4114 | x86 | 40 | 1150 | 3095 | 100% | 100% | 100% |
| 海光 7165 | x86 | 48 | 1586 | 2533 | 138% | 82% | 98% |
| 華為鯤鵬920 | arm | 96 | 1168 | 2066 | 102% | 67% | 160% |
| 飛騰2000 | arm | 64 | 731 | 1902 | 64% | 61% | 98% |
| 申威1621 | alpha | 16 | 445 | 1065 | 39% | 34% | 14% |
以上CPU除了Intel，其它都沒有HT，也就是Intel 4114實(shí)際是20個(gè)物理核。以上數(shù)據(jù)來自ata，僅供參考
ARM 和 X86的總結(jié)
對比硬件：
ARM：泰山ARM 雙路 128核心64核心/路），2.5G，4指令/周期，8個(gè)內(nèi)存通道/路，mips體系架構(gòu)。
X86: intel 8163服務(wù)器 雙路 48核心（24核心/路），2.5GHZ， 6指令/周期，96smt， 6個(gè)內(nèi)存通道
用 Geabase(C++) 測試所得 ARM是X86 性能的1.36倍，接近理論值的1.4倍
理論值的計(jì)算公式：
CPU性能驗(yàn)證公式：頻率 x 核數(shù) x 發(fā)射數(shù)/周期 x 1.3/1.5(smt2/smt4) (smt是指超線程數(shù)量)
ARM 優(yōu)勢的來源主要是工藝領(lǐng)先一代(7nm VS 14nm)
總結(jié)
- 對純CPU 運(yùn)算場景，并發(fā)不超過物理core時(shí)，比如Prime運(yùn)算，比如DRDS(CPU bound，IO在網(wǎng)絡(luò)，可以加并發(fā)彌補(bǔ))
- 海光的IPC能保持穩(wěn)定；
- intel的IPC有所下降，但是QPS在IPC下降后還能完美線性
- 在openssl和MySQL oltp_read_only場景下
- 如果并發(fā)沒超過物理core數(shù)時(shí)，海光和Intel都能隨著并發(fā)的翻倍性能能增加80%
- 如果并發(fā)超過物理core數(shù)后，Intel還能隨著并發(fā)的翻倍性能增加50%，海光增加就只有20%了
- 簡單理解在這兩個(gè)場景下Intel的HT能發(fā)揮半個(gè)物理core的作用，海光的HT就只能發(fā)揮0.2個(gè)物理core的作用了
- 海光zen1的AMD 架構(gòu)，每個(gè)core只有一個(gè)fpu，綜上在多個(gè)場景下HT基本上都可以忽略
- 飛騰2500性能比較差
- 國產(chǎn)CPU：飛騰、鯤鵬、龍芯、申威、海光(AMD授權(quán))、兆芯(威盛via 授權(quán)x86)
- CPU性能驗(yàn)證公式：頻率 x 核數(shù) x 發(fā)射數(shù)/周期 x 1.3/1.5(smt2/smt4) (smt是指超線程數(shù)量)
- 大吞吐量計(jì)算由多核CPU數(shù)量決定，多核CPU數(shù)量由制程工藝決定，制程工藝由資本決定，制程工藝資本由主流消費(fèi)電子決定, 摩爾定律仍在持續(xù)
系列文章
CPU的制造和概念
CPU 性能和Cache Line
Perf IPC以及CPU性能
Intel、海光、鯤鵬920、飛騰2500 CPU性能對比
飛騰ARM芯片(FT2500)的性能測試的性能測試/)
十年后數(shù)據(jù)庫還是不敢擁抱NUMA？
一次海光物理機(jī)資源競爭壓測的記錄
Intel PAUSE指令變化是如何影響自旋鎖以及MySQL的性能的
參考資料
Intel PAUSE指令變化是如何影響自旋鎖以及MySQL的性能的
華為TaiShan服務(wù)器ARMNginx應(yīng)用調(diào)優(yōu)案例 大量綁核、中斷、Numa等相關(guān)調(diào)優(yōu)信息
?文章來源：http://www.zghlxwxcb.cn/news/detail-707906.html
作者|plantegg文章來源地址http://www.zghlxwxcb.cn/news/detail-707906.html
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