Spring Cloud Alibaba官方：https://sca.aliyun.com/zh-cn/
Spring Cloud官網(wǎng)：https://spring.io/projects/spring-cloud

Spring Cloud與Spring Cloud Alibaba版本對應(yīng)說明：https://sca.aliyun.com/zh-cn/docs/2022.0.0.0/overview/version-explain

1、nacos下載安裝

下載地址:https://github.com/alibaba/nacos/releases
下載編譯壓縮并解壓：nacos-server-2.2.3.zip。

1.1、啟動服務(wù)器

注：Nacos的運行需要以至少2C4g60g*3的機器配置下運行。

#啟動命令(standalone代表著單機模式運行，非集群模式):

#Linux/Unix/Mac
sh startup.sh -m standalone

#如果您使用的是ubuntu系統(tǒng)，或者運行腳本報錯提示[[符號找不到，可嘗試如下運行：
bash startup.sh -m standalone

#Windows
startup.cmd -m standalone

1.2、關(guān)閉服務(wù)器

#Linux/Unix/Mac
sh shutdown.sh

#Windows
shutdown.cmd
#或者雙擊shutdown.cmd運行文件。

1.3、服務(wù)注冊&發(fā)現(xiàn)和配置管理接口

#服務(wù)注冊
curl -X POST 'http://127.0.0.1:8848/nacos/v1/ns/instance?serviceName=nacos.naming.serviceName&ip=20.18.7.10&port=8080'

#服務(wù)發(fā)現(xiàn)
curl -X GET 'http://127.0.0.1:8848/nacos/v1/ns/instance/list?serviceName=nacos.naming.serviceName'

#發(fā)布配置
curl -X POST "http://127.0.0.1:8848/nacos/v1/cs/configs?dataId=nacos.cfg.dataId&group=test&content=HelloWorld"

#獲取配置
curl -X GET "http://127.0.0.1:8848/nacos/v1/cs/configs?dataId=nacos.cfg.dataId&group=test"

參考自官方安裝說明:https://nacos.io/zh-cn/docs/quick-start.html

2、代碼示例

示例代碼分為3個工程：app1（服務(wù)1工程）,app2（服務(wù)2工程）,gateway（網(wǎng)關(guān)工程），使用的依賴包版本：

com.alibaba.cloud：2022.0.0.0
org.springframework.cloud：2022.0.4
org.springframework.boot：3.0.9

app1,app2都提供個接口：goods(商品信息接口)，user(用戶信息接口)

goods接口通過網(wǎng)關(guān)，app1和app2提供負載模式訪問
user接口通過網(wǎng)關(guān)，代理方式訪問

2.1、app1工程代碼

pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.penngo.app1</groupId>
    <artifactId>gateway-app1</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <properties>
        <maven.compiler.source>17</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>17</maven.compiler.target>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    </properties>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>2022.0.0.0</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>2022.0.4</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>3.0.9</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>
</project>

配置文件：application.yml

spring:
  application:
    name: app-service
  cloud:
    nacos:
      discovery:
        server-addr: localhost:8848
        locator:
          lower-case-service-id: true
server:
  port: 9091
  servlet:
    encoding:
      force: true
      charset: UTF-8
      enabled: true

業(yè)務(wù)代碼：AppMain.java

package com.penngo.app1;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
public class AppMain {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(AppMain.class, args);
    }

    @RestController
    public class HelloController {
        @GetMapping("/goods")
        public Map goods(){
            Map<String, String> data = new HashMap<>();
            data.put("name", "手機");
            data.put("service", "app1");
            return data;
        }
        @GetMapping("/user")
        public Map<String, String> user(){
            Map<String, String> data = new HashMap<>();
            data.put("user", "test");
            data.put("service", "app1");
            return data;
        }
    }
}

2.2、app2工程代碼

pom.xml與app1工程一樣。
配置文件：application.yml，與app2區(qū)分不同的端口

spring:
  application:
    name: app-service
  cloud:
    nacos:
      discovery:
        server-addr: localhost:8848
        locator:
          lower-case-service-id: true
server:
  port: 9091
  servlet:
    encoding:
      force: true
      charset: UTF-8
      enabled: true

2.3、gateway網(wǎng)關(guān)工程代碼

pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.penngo.gateway</groupId>
    <artifactId>gateway-nacos</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <properties>
        <maven.compiler.source>17</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>17</maven.compiler.target>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    </properties>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-config</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-gateway</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-loadbalancer</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>2022.0.0.0</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>2022.0.4</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>3.0.9</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

</project>

配置application.yml

server:
  port: 9090
spring:
  application:
    name: gatewayapp
  cloud:
    nacos:
      discovery:
        server-addr: localhost:8848
        locator:
          lower-case-service-id: true
      config:
        server-addr: localhost:8848
        # 加載 dataid 配置文件的后綴，默認是 properties
        file-extension: yml
        # 配置組，默認就是 DEFAULT_GROUP
        group: DEFAULT_GROUP
        # 配置命名空間，此處寫的是 命名空間的id 的值，默認是 public 命名空間
        # namespace:
        # data-id 的前綴,默認就是 spring.application.name 的值
        prefix: ${spring.application.name}

GatewayMain.java

package com.penngo.gateway;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

@SpringBootApplication
public class GatewayMain {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(GatewayMain.class, args);
    }
}

3、動態(tài)配置網(wǎng)關(guān)路由

三個工程啟動后，nacos的服務(wù)列表

3.1、配置動態(tài)路由

spring:
  cloud:
    gateway:
      routes:
        - id: app1
          uri: http://localhost:9091/
          predicates:
            - Path=/app1/**
          filters:
            - StripPrefix=1
        - id: app2
          uri: http://localhost:9092/
          predicates:
            - Path=/app2/**
          filters:
            - StripPrefix=1

配置后，可以通過網(wǎng)關(guān)的端口9090和地址訪問

http://localhost:9090/app1/user
http://localhost:9090/app2/user

3.2、配置為負載模式

spring:
  cloud:
    gateway:
      routes:
        - id: app1
          uri: http://localhost:9091/
          predicates:
            - Path=/app1/**
          filters:
            - StripPrefix=1
        - id: app2
          uri: http://localhost:9092/
          predicates:
            - Path=/app2/**
          filters:
            - StripPrefix=1
        - id: app
          uri: lb://app-service
          predicates:
            - Path=/app/**
          filters:
            - StripPrefix=1

配置后，可以通過同一個地址訪問到兩個服務(wù)返回的數(shù)據(jù)

http://localhost:9090/app/goods

4、gateway配置規(guī)則

參數(shù)說明

id: 路由ID
uri: 目標(biāo)地址，可以是服務(wù)，如果服務(wù)Spring推薦用全大寫，實際調(diào)用大小寫不敏感，都可以調(diào)通。
predicates: 匹配路徑，以瀏覽器請求的端口號后面的第一級路徑為起始。
filters: 過濾器，包含Spring Gateway 內(nèi)置過濾器，可以自定義過濾器。

4.1、請求轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)，轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)指定地址

routes:
# 跳轉(zhuǎn)URL
- id: 163_route
  uri: http://localhost:9091/
  predicates:
    - Path=/app

• 訪問地址：http://localhost:9090/app/index
• 真實地址：http://localhost:9091/app/index

4.2、去掉指定的前綴路徑

- id: app1
  uri: http://localhost:9091/
  predicates:
    - Path=/app1/**
  filters:
    - StripPrefix=1

去掉第1層的路徑前綴app1

• 訪問地址:http://localhost:9090/app1/user
• 真實地址:http://localhost:9091/user

4.3、正則匹配重寫路徑

- id: test
  uri: lb://app-service
  predicates:
    - Path=/test/**
  filters:
    - RewritePath=/test/(?<path>.*), /$\{path}

去掉第1層的路徑前綴app1

• 訪問地址:http://localhost:9090/app/goods
• 真實地址:http://localhost:9091/goods 或 http://localhost:9091/goods

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