目錄

Pod（容器組）：Pod是Kubernetes中最小的部署單元，可以包含一個或多個容器。Pod提供了一種邏輯上的封裝，使得容器可以一起共享網(wǎng)絡(luò)和存儲資源

1、創(chuàng)建一個pod

2、pod管理

pod操作

目錄

創(chuàng)建Pod會很慢

Pod（容器組）：Pod是Kubernetes中最小的部署單元，可以包含一個或多個容器。Pod提供了一種邏輯上的封裝，使得容器可以一起共享網(wǎng)絡(luò)和存儲資源

1、創(chuàng)建一個pod

2、pod管理

pod操作

使用 Kubectl 工具容器資源Kubectl 是管理Kubernetes集群的命令行工具，通過生成的 json 格式傳遞給 API Server 進(jìn)行創(chuàng)建、查看、管理的操作。使用 kubectl --help 命令可以查看 Kubectl 幫助命令，其中包括基本命令、部署命令、群集管理命令、調(diào)試命令以及高級命令等。

創(chuàng)建Podkubectl run 命令可以創(chuàng)建并運(yùn)行一個或多個Pod，也可以創(chuàng)建一個 deployment 或job 來管理Pod。此命令和 docker run 相類似，也是實(shí)現(xiàn)Pod的創(chuàng)建，先從倉庫中拉取基礎(chǔ)鏡像，然后對容器進(jìn)行操作。

發(fā)布服務(wù)容器資源創(chuàng)建完成，就需要完成發(fā)布工作，確保 Pod 能夠?qū)ν馓峁┓?wù)，保證客戶端能夠正常訪問，使用 kubectl expose 命令可以實(shí)現(xiàn)該目的。

創(chuàng)建Pod會很慢

Pod（容器組）：Pod是Kubernetes中最小的部署單元，可以包含一個或多個容器。Pod提供了一種邏輯上的封裝，使得容器可以一起共享網(wǎng)絡(luò)和存儲資源

1、創(chuàng)建一個pod

1）創(chuàng)建yuml文件

[root@k8s-master ~]# mkdir k8s

[root@k8s-master ~]# vim ./k8s/nginx.yaml

piVersion: v1

kind: Pod

metadata:

??name: nginx

??labels:

????app: web

spec:

??containers:

????- name: nginx

??????image: nginx:1.13

??????ports:

????????- containerPort: 80

2）創(chuàng)建容器

方法一. ?yum安裝

[root@k8s-master ~]#yum install *rhsm*

方法二

執(zhí)行命令：

[root@k8s-master ~]#wget http://mirror.centos.org/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/python-rhsm-certificates-1.19.10-1.el7_4.x86_64.rpm

[root@k8s-master ~]# yum -y install *rhsm*

?[root@k8s-master ~]# wget http://mirror.centos.org/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/python-rhsm-certificates-1.19.10-1.el7_4.x86_64.rpm

[root@k8s-master ~]# rpm2cpio python-rhsm-certificates-1.19.10-1.el7_4.x86_64.rpm | cpio -iv --to-stdout ./etc/rhsm/ca/redhat-uep.pem | tee /etc/rhsm/ca/redhat-uep.pem ?

前兩個命令會生成/etc/rhsm/ca/redhat-uep.pem文件. ?

[root@k8s-master ~]# docker pull registry.access.redhat.com/rhel7/pod-infrastructure:latest

Trying to pull repository registry.access.redhat.com/rhel7/pod-infrastructure ...

latest: Pulling from registry.access.redhat.com/rhel7/pod-infrastructure

26e5ed6899db: Downloading 34.95 MB/74.87 MB

66dbe984a319: Download complete

9138e7863e08: Download complete

創(chuàng)建pod

[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl create -f ./k8s/nginx.yaml

pod "nginx" created

3）查看所有pod創(chuàng)建運(yùn)行狀態(tài)

[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get pod

NAME ?????READY ????STATUS ?????????????RESTARTS ??AGE

nginx ????0/1 ??????ContainerCreating ??0 ?????????17s

4）查看指定pod資源

[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get pod nginx

NAME ?????READY ????STATUS ?????????????RESTARTS ??AGE

nginx ????0/1 ??????ContainerCreating ??0 ?????????41s

5）查看pod運(yùn)行的詳細(xì)信息

[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl describe pod nginx

Name: nginx

Namespace: default

Node: k8s-node2/192.168.50.51

Start Time: Thu, 10 Aug 2023 20:33:09 +0800

Labels: app=web

Status: Pending

IP:

Controllers: <none>

Containers:

??nginx:

????Container ID:

????Image: nginx:1.13

????Image ID:

????Port: 80/TCP

????State: Waiting

??????Reason: ContainerCreating

????Ready: False

????Restart Count: 0

????Volume Mounts: <none>

????Environment Variables: <none>

Conditions:

??Type Status

??Initialized True

??Ready False

??PodScheduled True

No volumes.

QoS Class: BestEffort

Tolerations: <none>

Events:

??FirstSeen LastSeen Count From SubObjectPath Type ReasonMessage

??--------- -------- ----- ---- ------------- -------- -------------

??1m 1m 1 {default-scheduler } Normal Scheduled Successfully assigned nginx to k8s-node2

??25s 25s 1 {kubelet k8s-node2} Warning FailedSync Error syncing pod, skipping: failed to "StartContainer" for "POD" with ImagePullBackOff: "Back-off pulling image \"registry.access.redhat.com/rhel7/pod-infrastructure:latest\""

??1m 4s 3 {kubelet k8s-node2} Warning FailedSync Error syncing pod, skipping: failed to "StartContainer" for "POD" with ErrImagePull: "image pull failed for registry.access.redhat.com/rhel7/pod-infrastructure:latest, this may be because there are no credentials on this request. ?details: (open /etc/docker/certs.d/registry.access.redhat.com/redhat-ca.crt: no such file or directory)"

顯示調(diào)度節(jié)點(diǎn) 驗(yàn)證運(yùn)行的pod

[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get pod nginx -o wide

NAME ?????READY ????STATUS ?????????????RESTARTS ??AGE ??????IP ???????NODE

nginx ????0/1 ??????ContainerCreating ??0 ?????????2m ???????<none> ???k8s-node2

2、pod管理

1）刪除pod

[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl delete pod nginx

pod "nginx" deleted

2）查看刪除pod無法找到

[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get pod nginx -o wide

Error from server (NotFound): pods "nginx" not found

3）創(chuàng)建pod

[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl create -f ./k8s/nginx.yaml

pod "nginx" created

4）發(fā)現(xiàn)最先創(chuàng)建的pod運(yùn)行在k8s-master節(jié)點(diǎn)上，下載鏡像速度太慢沒法運(yùn)行

[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get pod nginx -o wide

NAME ?????READY ????STATUS ?????????????RESTARTS ??AGE ??????IP ???????NODE

nginx ????0/1 ??????ContainerCreating ??0 ?????????38s ??????<none> ???k8s-master

5）訪問pod節(jié)點(diǎn)中的服務(wù)

[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get pod nginx -o wide
NAME????? READY???? STATUS??? RESTARTS?? AGE?????? IP??????????? NODE
nginx???? 1/1?????? Running?? 0????????? 21m?????? 172.16.48.2?? k8s-master

[root@k8s-master ~]# curl -l http://172.16.48.2
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to nginx!</title>
<style>
??? body {
??????? width: 35em;
??????? margin: 0 auto;
??????? font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;
??? }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1>
<p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
working. Further configuration is required.</p>

<p>For online documentation and support please refer to
<a >nginx.org</a>.<br/>
Commercial support is available at
<a >nginx.com</a>.</p>

<p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p>
</body>
</html>

pod操作

1）在一個pod中修改配置文件運(yùn)行多個業(yè)務(wù)容器

[root@k8s-master ~]# vim ./k8s/nginx.yaml

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
? name: test3
? labels:
??? app: web
spec:
? containers:
??? - name: nginx02
????? image: nginx:1.13
????? ports:
??????? - containerPort: 80
??? - name: busybox
????? image: docker.io/busybox:latest
????? command: ["sleep","3600"]
????? ports:
??????? - containerPort: 80
~????????????????????????????

?2）創(chuàng)建資源

[root@k8s-master ~]#? kubectl create -f ./k8s/nginx.yaml

3）查看資源使用情況??? Pod會 分配了各自的 IP??? 過程會有點(diǎn)慢正?，F(xiàn)象

[root@k8s-master ~]#? kubectl get pod -o wide
NAME????? READY???? STATUS????????????? RESTARTS?? AGE?????? IP??????????? NODE
nginx???? 1/1?????? Running???????????? 0????????? 25m?????? 172.16.48.2?? k8s-master
test1???? 0/2?????? ContainerCreating?? 0????????? 9m??????? <none>??????? k8s-node2
test2???? 2/2?????? Running???????????? 0????????? 5m??????? 172.16.48.3?? k8s-master
test3???? 0/2?????? ContainerCreating?? 0????????? 4m??????? <none>??????? k8s-node2

使用 Kubectl 工具容器資源
Kubectl 是管理Kubernetes集群的命令行工具，通過生成的 json 格式傳遞給 API Server 進(jìn)行創(chuàng)建、查看、管理的操作。
使用 kubectl --help 命令可以查看 Kubectl 幫助命令，其中包括基本命令、部署命令、群集管理命令、調(diào)試命令以及高級命令等。

[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl --help
kubectl controls the Kubernetes cluster manager.

?Find more information at: https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/kubectl/overview/

Basic Commands (Beginner):
? create??????? Create a resource from a file or from stdin.
? expose??????? 使用 replication controller, service, deployment 或者 pod
并暴露它作為一個 新的 Kubernetes Service
? run?????????? 在集群中運(yùn)行一個指定的鏡像
? set?????????? 為 objects 設(shè)置一個指定的特征

Basic Commands (Intermediate):
? explain?????? 查看資源的文檔
? get?????????? 顯示一個或更多 resources
? edit????????? 在服務(wù)器上編輯一個資源
? delete??????? Delete resources by filenames, stdin, resources and names, or by resources and label
selector

Deploy Commands:
? rollout?????? Manage the rollout of a resource
? scale???????? Set a new size for a Deployment, ReplicaSet or Replication Controller
? autoscale???? 自動調(diào)整一個 Deployment, ReplicaSet, 或者 ReplicationController
的副本數(shù)量

創(chuàng)建Pod
kubectl run 命令可以創(chuàng)建并運(yùn)行一個或多個Pod，也可以創(chuàng)建一個 deployment 或job 來管理Pod。此命令和 docker run 相類似，也是實(shí)現(xiàn)Pod的創(chuàng)建，先從倉庫中拉取基礎(chǔ)鏡像，然后對容器進(jìn)行操作。

通過 kubectl run 命令創(chuàng)建 Nginx 容器， 指定名稱為 nginx-deployment，指定基礎(chǔ)鏡像為 Nginx 目前最新版本，指定對外暴露的端口為 80 以及副本數(shù)為 3。Nginx 容器創(chuàng)建完成后使用 get pod 命令查看 Pod 的信息，可以發(fā)現(xiàn)確實(shí)有 3 個容器資源，并且處于 Running狀態(tài)。還可以查看 deployment，也顯示的是 3。

[root@k8s-master ~]#? kubectl run nginx-do --image=nginx:1.14 --port=80 --replicas=2
deployment "nginx-do" created

[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get pods
NAME??????????????????????????????? READY?? STATUS??? RESTARTS?? AGE

nginx-do????????? 1/1?????? Running???????????? 0?????????? 1m
nginx-do???? 1/1 ????? Running???????????? 0???????????? 1m

發(fā)布服務(wù)
容器資源創(chuàng)建完成，就需要完成發(fā)布工作，確保 Pod 能夠?qū)ν馓峁┓?wù)，保證客戶端能夠正常訪問，使用 kubectl expose 命令可以實(shí)現(xiàn)該目的。
?

通過 kubectl expose 命令創(chuàng)建 Service，設(shè)置內(nèi)部通信端口和外部暴露的端口均為 80、名稱為 nginx-service、類型是 NodePort。創(chuàng)建 Service 完后，就可以通過 kubectl get svc命令查看到對外暴露的端口是30464，內(nèi)部通信的地址是10.254.108.146。

[root@k8s-master ~]#? kubectl expose deployment nginx-do --port=80 --target-port=80 --name=nginx --type=NodePort
service "nginx" exposed

查看

[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get pods,svc
NAME??????????????????????????????????? READY?? STATUS??? RESTARTS?? AGE
po/nginx-do-3943939860-d925b????????? 1/1?????? Running???????????? 0?????????? 1m
po/nginx-do-3943939860-fq4zh????? 1/1 ????? Running???????????? 0???????????? 1m

NAME??????????????? CLUSTER-IP?????? EXTERNAL-IP?? PORT(S)??????? AGE
svc/kubernetes????? 10.254.0.1?????? <none>??????? 443/TCP??????? 1d
svc/nginx?????????? 10.254.229.91??? <nodes>?????? 80:30040/TCP?? 38s
svc/nginx-service?? 10.254.108.146?? <nodes>?????? 80:30233/TCP?? 5m

執(zhí)行 kubectl get endpoints 查看容器自帶的負(fù)載均衡。從執(zhí)行結(jié)果可以得知容器自帶的負(fù)載均衡分別是 10.254.0.1? 10.254.229.91??? 10.254.108.146?

[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get endpoints
NAME??????????? ENDPOINTS??????????? AGE
kubernetes????? 192.168.1.117:6443?? 1d
nginx?????????? 172.16.48.6:80?????? 25m
nginx-service?? 172.16.48.4:80?????? 30m

執(zhí)行 kubectl get pods 命令時加參數(shù) -o wide 可以查看到 Node 真實(shí)節(jié)點(diǎn)上的分布。
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get pods -o wide
NAME??????????????????????????????? READY?? STATUS??? RESTARTS?? AGE??? IP?????????? NODE???????? NOMINATED NODE?? READINESS GATES

nginx-do-3943939860-d925b????????? 1/1?????? Running???????????? 0????????? 27m?????? 172.16.48.6?? k8s-master
nginx-do-3943939860-fq4zh????????? 0/1?????? ContainerCreating?? 0????????? 27m?????? <none>??????? k8s-node2
完成上述步驟就已經(jīng)完成了發(fā)布，并且可以進(jìn)行對其訪問。

?

[root@k8s-master ~]# curl 192.168.50.53:30040
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to nginx!</title>
<style>
??? body {
??????? width: 35em;
??????? margin: 0 auto;
??????? font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;
??? }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1>
<p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
working. Further configuration is required.</p>

<p>For online documentation and support please refer to
<a >nginx.org</a>.<br/>
Commercial support is available at
<a >nginx.com</a>.</p>

<p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p>
</body>
</html>

修改其配置文件

[root@k8s-master ~]# docker exec -it 0a163ad392dc /bin/bash
root@nginx-do-3943939860-d925b:/# cd /usr/share/nginx/html/
root@nginx-do-3943939860-d925b:/usr/share/nginx/html# echo "sdfsdfsdfsd" > index.html

驗(yàn)證

[root@k8s-master ~]# curl 192.168.50.53:30040
sdfsdfsdfsd

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