概述

本文檔主要記錄Ubuntu系統(tǒng)使用/etc/rc.local設(shè)置開機(jī)指令的方法。

系統(tǒng)版本

Ubuntu 20.04

設(shè)置開機(jī)啟動(dòng)命令

1. 查看rc-local服務(wù)狀態(tài)

sudo systemctl status rc-local

輸出結(jié)果如下:

root@localhost:~$ systemctl status rc-local
● rc-local.service - /etc/rc.local Compatibility
     Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/rc-local.service; static; vendor preset: enabled)
    Drop-In: /usr/lib/systemd/system/rc-local.service.d
             └─debian.conf
     Active: inactive (dead)
       Docs: man:systemd-rc-local-generator(8)

2. 設(shè)置rc-local服務(wù)開機(jī)啟動(dòng)

sudo systemctl enable rc-local

注: Ubuntu 20.04不能直接啟用rc-local服務(wù)，會(huì)報(bào)錯(cuò)，需要手動(dòng)創(chuàng)建rc-local服務(wù)文件。指令報(bào)錯(cuò)如下:

root@localhost:~$ sudo systemctl enable rc-local
[sudo] password for simple:
The unit files have no installation config (WantedBy=, RequiredBy=, Also=,
Alias= settings in the [Install] section, and DefaultInstance= for template
units). This means they are not meant to be enabled using systemctl.

Possible reasons for having this kind of units are:
? A unit may be statically enabled by being symlinked from another unit's
  .wants/ or .requires/ directory.
? A unit's purpose may be to act as a helper for some other unit which has
  a requirement dependency on it.
? A unit may be started when needed via activation (socket, path, timer,
  D-Bus, udev, scripted systemctl call, ...).
? In case of template units, the unit is meant to be enabled with some
  instance name specified.

3. 手動(dòng)創(chuàng)建系統(tǒng)自啟動(dòng)服務(wù)

sudo vim /etc/systemd/system/rc-local.service

輸入以下內(nèi)容:

[Unit]
 Description=/etc/rc.local Compatibility
 ConditionPathExists=/etc/rc.local
[Service]
 Type=forking
 ExecStart=/etc/rc.local start
 TimeoutSec=0
 StandardOutput=tty
 RemainAfterExit=yes
 SysVStartPriority=99
[Install]
 WantedBy=multi-user.target

4. 創(chuàng)建rc.local文件

sudo vim /etc/rc.local

輸入以下內(nèi)容:

#!/bin/sh -e
#
# rc.local
#
# This script is executed at the end of each multiuser runlevel.
# Make sure that the script will "exit 0" on success or any other
# value on error.
#
# In order to enable or disable this script just change the execution
# bits.
#
# By default this script does nothing.
# Print the IP address
# _IP=$(hostname -I) || true
# if [ "$_IP" ]; then
#   printf "My IP address is %s\n" "$_IP"
# fi
exit 0

5. 設(shè)置rc.local文件權(quán)限

sudo chmod +x /etc/rc.local

6.添加開機(jī)啟動(dòng)命令

以刪除某條冗余靜態(tài)路由為例，例如，現(xiàn)在有雙網(wǎng)卡環(huán)境，需要將其中一張網(wǎng)卡用于內(nèi)網(wǎng)數(shù)據(jù)傳輸，另外一張網(wǎng)卡用于訪問互聯(lián)網(wǎng)數(shù)據(jù)傳輸,但是在配置完成后，發(fā)現(xiàn)內(nèi)網(wǎng)數(shù)據(jù)傳輸正常，但是互聯(lián)網(wǎng)數(shù)據(jù)傳輸異常，經(jīng)過排查發(fā)現(xiàn)，是因?yàn)樵谂渲脙?nèi)網(wǎng)網(wǎng)卡時(shí)，誤將內(nèi)網(wǎng)網(wǎng)卡的默認(rèn)網(wǎng)關(guān)設(shè)置為了內(nèi)網(wǎng)網(wǎng)關(guān)，導(dǎo)致互聯(lián)網(wǎng)數(shù)據(jù)傳輸異常，因此需要?jiǎng)h除該條冗余靜態(tài)路由。刪除指令為sudo route del -net 0.0.0.0 dev enp0s8,現(xiàn)在希望在開機(jī)時(shí)自動(dòng)執(zhí)行該指令，因此需要將該指令添加到rc.local文件中。

sudo vim /etc/rc.local

在exit 0前添加以下內(nèi)容:

sudo route del -net 0.0.0.0 dev enp0s8

7.啟用rc-local服務(wù)

sudo systemctl start rc-local
sudo systemctl enable rc-local

8.查看rc-local服務(wù)狀態(tài)

sudo systemctl status rc-local

9.重啟系統(tǒng)

sudo reboot

系統(tǒng)完成重啟后，可查看路由表，發(fā)現(xiàn)冗余靜態(tài)路由已被刪除。文章來源地址http://www.zghlxwxcb.cn/news/detail-500140.html

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