說明

spring.cloud.gateway 是 SpringCloud 技術(shù)棧中的網(wǎng)關(guān)組件，提供了基于路由的請(qǐng)求轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)、請(qǐng)求限流、服務(wù)降級(jí)、負(fù)載均衡等功能。使用方式如下：

引入依賴

在 SpringBoot 項(xiàng)目中，添加以下依賴：

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-gateway</artifactId>
</dependency>

配置路由規(guī)則

在項(xiàng)目的配置文件中，配置路由規(guī)則，例如：

spring:
  cloud:
    gateway:
      routes:
        - id: order-service
          uri: lb://order-service
          predicates:
            - Path=/api/orders/**
          filters:
            - StripPrefix=1
        - id: user-service
          uri: lb://user-service
          predicates:
            - Path=/api/users/**
          filters:
            - StripPrefix=1

以上配置指定了兩個(gè)路由規(guī)則，分別是 /api/orders/** 和 /api/users/**，路由到 lb://order-service 和 lb://user-service，同時(shí) StripPrefix=1 表示去掉請(qǐng)求路徑前綴。

配置過濾器

除了路由規(guī)則外，還可以配置過濾器，對(duì)請(qǐng)求進(jìn)行加工處理，例如：

spring:
  cloud:
    gateway:
      routes:
        - id: order-service
          uri: lb://order-service
          predicates:
            - Path=/api/orders/**
          filters:
            - StripPrefix=1
            - name: AuthFilter
              args:
                param: token

以上配置添加了一個(gè)名為 AuthFilter 的過濾器，它會(huì)檢查請(qǐng)求參數(shù)中是否包含名為 token 的參數(shù)，如果沒有則返回 401 錯(cuò)誤。

請(qǐng)求限流（Rate Limiting）

請(qǐng)求限流可以限制客戶端的請(qǐng)求量，避免服務(wù)的過度壓力。SpringCloud 中可以使用 Spring Cloud Gateway 、Sentinel 等組件實(shí)現(xiàn)請(qǐng)求限流。

在 Spring Cloud Gateway 中，可以使用 Redis 或者內(nèi)存方式實(shí)現(xiàn)請(qǐng)求限流。使用 Redis 需要引入 Redis 和 Lettuce 等依賴，然后在配置文件中開啟請(qǐng)求限流功能：

spring:
  cloud:
    gateway:
      routes:
        - id: my-route
          uri: lb://my-service
          predicates:
            - Path=/api/**
          filters:
            - name: RequestRateLimiter
              args:
                redis-rate-limiter.replenishRate: 10
                redis-rate-limiter.burstCapacity: 20

啟動(dòng)應(yīng)用

完成上述配置后，可以啟動(dòng)應(yīng)用了。此時(shí)，請(qǐng)求進(jìn)來會(huì)先經(jīng)過網(wǎng)關(guān)，然后根據(jù)路由規(guī)則進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)。

以上就是 spring.cloud.gateway 的基本說明和使用方式，它可以作為微服務(wù)架構(gòu)中的 API 網(wǎng)關(guān)，管理和轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)請(qǐng)求，提高應(yīng)用的性能和穩(wěn)定性。

Simply put

Explanation

spring.cloud.gateway is a gateway component in the Spring Cloud technology stack, providing features such as route-based request forwarding, request throttling, service degradation, and load balancing. Here’s how to use it:

Add Dependencies

In a Spring Boot project, add the following dependency:

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-gateway</artifactId>
</dependency>

Configure Routing Rules

In the project’s configuration file, set up routing rules, for example:

spring:
  cloud:
    gateway:
      routes:
        - id: order-service
          uri: lb://order-service
          predicates:
            - Path=/api/orders/**
          filters:
            - StripPrefix=1
        - id: user-service
          uri: lb://user-service
          predicates:
            - Path=/api/users/**
          filters:
            - StripPrefix=1

The above configuration specifies two routing rules, /api/orders/** and /api/users/** , which route to lb://order-service and lb://user-service , respectively. The StripPrefix=1 means to remove the request path prefix.

Configure Filters

In addition to routing rules, you can also configure filters to process and modify requests, for example:

spring:
  cloud:
    gateway:
      routes:
        - id: order-service
          uri: lb://order-service
          predicates:
            - Path=/api/orders/**
          filters:
            - StripPrefix=1
            - name: AuthFilter
              args:
                param: token

The above configuration adds a filter called AuthFilter , which checks whether the request parameters contain a parameter named token . If not, it returns a 401 error.

Request Rate Limiting

Request rate limiting can limit the number of client requests to avoid excessive pressure on the service. In Spring Cloud, components such as Spring Cloud Gateway and Sentinel can be used to implement request rate limiting.

In Spring Cloud Gateway, you can use Redis or in-memory methods to implement request rate limiting. To use Redis, you need to introduce dependencies such as Redis and Lettuce, and then enable request rate limiting in the configuration file:

spring:
  cloud:
    gateway:
      routes:
        - id: my-route
          uri: lb://my-service
          predicates:
            - Path=/api/**
          filters:
            - name: RequestRateLimiter
              args:
                redis-rate-limiter.replenishRate: 10
                redis-rate-limiter.burstCapacity: 20

Start the Application

After completing the above configuration, you can start the application. At this point, incoming requests will first go through the gateway and then be forwarded according to the routing rules.

The above is a basic explanation and usage of spring.cloud.gateway . It can be used as an API gateway in a microservices architecture to manage and forward requests, improving application performance and stability.文章來源地址http://www.zghlxwxcb.cn/news/detail-496598.html

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