Cobbler官網(wǎng)

===================================================================

• http://cobbler.github.io/

cobbler集成的服務(wù)

======================================================================

• PXE服務(wù)支持

• DHCP服務(wù)管理

• DNS服務(wù)管理(可選bind,dnsmasq)

• 電源管理

• Kickstart服務(wù)支持

• YUM倉(cāng)庫(kù)管理

• TFTP(PXE啟動(dòng)時(shí)需要)

• Apache(提供kickstart的安裝源，并提供定制化的kickstart配置)

cobbler配置文件詳解

=======================================================================

cobbler配置文件目錄在/etc/cobbler

| 配置文件 | 作用 |

| — | — |

| /etc/cobbler/settings | cobbler 主配置文件 |

| /etc/cobbler/iso/ | iso模板配置文件 |

| /etc/cobbler/pxe | pxe模板配置文件 |

| /etc/cobbler/power | 電源配置文件 |

| /etc/cobbler/user.conf | web服務(wù)授權(quán)配置文件 |

| /etc/cobbler/users.digest | web訪問的用戶名密碼配置文件 |

| /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template | dhcp服務(wù)器的的配置模板 |

| /etc/cobbler/dnsmasq.template | dns服務(wù)器的配置模板 |

| /etc/cobbler/tftpd.template | tftp服務(wù)的配置模板 |

| /etc/cobbler/modules.conf | 模塊的配置文件 |

cobbler數(shù)據(jù)目錄

=====================================================================

| | 作用 |

| :-: | :-: |

| /var/lib/cobbler/config/ | 用于存放distros，system，profiles等信息配置文件 |

| /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/ | 用于存放用戶定義的cobbler命令 |

| /var/lib/cobbler/kickstart/ | 默認(rèn)存放kickstart文件 |

| /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/ | 存放各種引導(dǎo)程序以及鏡像目錄 |

| /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/ | 導(dǎo)入的發(fā)行版系統(tǒng)的所有數(shù)據(jù) |

| /var/www/cobbler/images/ | 導(dǎo)入發(fā)行版的kernel和initrd鏡像用于遠(yuǎn)程網(wǎng)絡(luò)啟動(dòng) |

| /var/www/cobbler/repo_mirror/ | yum倉(cāng)庫(kù)存儲(chǔ)目錄 |

cobbler日志文件

=====================================================================

| 日志文件路徑 | 說明 |

| :-: | :-: |

| /var/log/cobbler/installing | 客戶端安裝日志 |

| /var/log/cobbler/cobbler.log | cobbler日志 |

• cobbler命令詳解

cobbler check //核對(duì)當(dāng)前設(shè)置是否有問題

cobbler list //列出所有的cobbler元素

cobbler report //列出元素的詳細(xì)信息

cobbler sync //同步配置到數(shù)據(jù)目錄,更改配置最好都要執(zhí)行下

cobbler reposync //同步y(tǒng)um倉(cāng)庫(kù)

cobbler distro //查看導(dǎo)入的發(fā)行版系統(tǒng)信息

cobbler system //查看添加的系統(tǒng)信息

cobbler profile //查看配置信息

cobbler服務(wù)端部署

======================================================================

• 配置yum源(網(wǎng)絡(luò)源)

[root@localhost ~]# curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS7-Base-163.repo http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-Base-163.repo

% Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current

Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed

100 1572 100 1572 0 0 2687 0 --:–:-- --:–:-- --:–:-- 2691

[root@localhost ~]# ls /etc/yum.repos.d/

CentOS7-Base-163.repo redhat.repo xx.repo

[root@localhost ~]# sed -i ‘s/$releasever/7/g’ /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS7-Base

[root@localhost ~]# sed -i ‘s/^enabled=.*/enabled=1/g’ /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS7-Base-163.repo

• 安裝epel-release源

[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install epel-release

已加載插件：product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-manager

This system is not registered with an entitlement server. You can use subscription-manager to register.

base | 3.6 kB 00:00

centosplus | 3.4 kB 00:00

extras | 3.4 kB 00:00

……

安裝過程省略

• 安裝cobbler以及相關(guān)的軟件

[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install httpd dhcp tftp python-ctypes cobbler xinetd cobbler-web pykickstart

已加載插件：product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-manager

This system is not registered with an entitlement server. You can use subscription-manager to register.

安裝過程省略

……

• 啟動(dòng)服務(wù)并設(shè)置開機(jī)自啟

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start httpd

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start cobblerd

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable httpd

Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/httpd.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service.

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable cobblerd

Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/cobblerd.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/cobblerd.service.

• 修改server的ip、tfftp地址為本機(jī)ip

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/cobbler/settings

[root@localhost ~]#

[root@localhost ~]# sed -i ‘s/^server: 127.0.0.1/server: 192.168.170.14/’ /etc/cobbler/settings

[root@localhost ~]# sed -i ‘s/^next_server: 127.0.0.1/next_server: 192.168.170.14/’ /etc/cobbler/settings

• 開啟tftp

[root@localhost ~]# sed -i ‘/disable/s/yes/no/g’ /etc/xinetd.d/tftp

[root@localhost ~]#

• 下載缺失文件

[root@localhost ~]# cobbler sync

task started: 2019-08-29_172318_sync

task started (id=Sync, time=Thu Aug 29 17:23:18 2019)

running pre-sync triggers

cleaning trees

removing: /var/www/cobbler/images/rhel-7-x86_64

removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default

removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/images

removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86.efi

removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86_64.efi

removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/efidefault

removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/images/rhel-7-x86_64

removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/s390x/profile_list

copying bootloaders

trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86.efi

trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86_64.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86_64.efi

copying distros to tftpboot

copying files for distro: rhel-7-x86_64

trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz -> /var/lib/tftpboot/images/rhel-7-x86_64/vmlinuz

trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7/images/pxeboot/initrd.img -> /var/lib/tftpboot/images/rhel-7-x86_64/initrd.img

copying images

generating PXE configuration files

generating PXE menu structure

copying files for distro: rhel-7-x86_64

trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz -> /var/www/cobbler/images/rhel-7-x86_64/vmlinuz

trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7/images/pxeboot/initrd.img -> /var/www/cobbler/images/rhel-7-x86_64/initrd.img

Writing template files for rhel-7-x86_64

rendering DHCP files

generating /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf

rendering TFTPD files

generating /etc/xinetd.d/tftp

processing boot_files for distro: rhel-7-x86_64

cleaning link caches

running post-sync triggers

running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*

running python trigger cobbler.modules.sync_post_restart_services

running: dhcpd -t -q

received on stdout:

received on stderr:

running: service dhcpd restart

received on stdout:

received on stderr: Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart dhcpd.service

running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*

running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*

running python trigger cobbler.modules.manage_genders

running python trigger cobbler.modules.scm_track

running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*

*** TASK COMPLETE ***

• 啟動(dòng)rsync并設(shè)置開機(jī)自啟

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart xinetd

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart cobblerd

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart httpd

[root@localhost ~]# ss -antl

State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port

LISTEN 0 128 *:22 :

LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 :

LISTEN 0 5 127.0.0.1:25151 :

LISTEN 0 5 *:873 :

LISTEN 0 128 :::80 ::??

LISTEN 0 128 :::22 ::??

LISTEN 0 100 ::1:25 ::??

LISTEN 0 128 :::443 ::??

LISTEN 0 5 :::873 ::??

• 生成加密的密碼

[root@localhost ~]# openssl passwd -1 -salt “$RANDOM” ‘123456’

$1$4083$9jFt/kdeFNmOe4QlSuV4D.

• 將新生成的加密密碼加入到配置文件

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/cobbler/settings

… //此處為省略內(nèi)容

default_password_crypted: “$1$28958$sq1sJFDX0bZo.H8Q.8NLg0”

… //此處為省略內(nèi)容

• 重啟cobbler

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart cobblerd

[root@localhost ~]# ss -antl

State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port

LISTEN 0 128 *:22 :

LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 :

LISTEN 0 5 127.0.0.1:25151 :

LISTEN 0 5 *:873 :

LISTEN 0 128 :::80 ::??

LISTEN 0 128 :::22 ::??

LISTEN 0 100 ::1:25 ::??

LISTEN 0 128 :::443 ::??

LISTEN 0 5 :::873 ::??

• 通過cobbler check 核對(duì)當(dāng)前設(shè)置是否有問題

[root@localhost ~]# cobbler check

The following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix:

1 : debmirror package is not installed, it will be required to manage debian deployments and repositories

2 : fencing tools were not found, and are required to use the (optional) power management features. install cman or fence-agents to use them

以上兩個(gè)是關(guān)于debian系統(tǒng)的錯(cuò)誤，請(qǐng)忽略

• 配置cobbler dhcp

• 修改cobbler配置文件，讓cobbler控制dhcp

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template

… //此處為省略內(nèi)容

subnet 192.168.170.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {

option routers 192.168.170.2; //服務(wù)器端的網(wǎng)關(guān)

option domain-name-servers 8.8.8.8; //此處為系統(tǒng)安裝好后指定的dns地址

option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;

range dynamic-bootp 192.168.170.100 192.168.170.200; 分配的地址池

default-lease-time 21600;

max-lease-time 43200;

next-server $next_server;

… //此處為省略內(nèi)容

• 重啟服務(wù)并同步配置，改完dhcp必須要sync同步配置

[root@localhost ~]# cobbler sync

task started: 2019-08-29_184616_sync

task started (id=Sync, time=Thu Aug 29 18:46:16 2019)

running pre-sync triggers

cleaning trees

removing: /var/www/cobbler/images/rhel-7-x86_64

removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/01-00-50-56-27-5d-16

removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default

removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/01-00-50-56-3a-17-d2

removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/images

removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86.efi

removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86_64.efi

removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/01-00-50-56-27-5D-16

removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/efidefault

removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/01-00-50-56-3A-17-D2

removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/images/rhel-7-x86_64

removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/s390x/profile_list

copying bootloaders

trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86.efi

trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86_64.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86_64.efi

copying distros to tftpboot

copying files for distro: rhel-7-x86_64

trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz -> /var/lib/tftpboot/images/rhel-7-x86_64/vmlinuz

trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7/images/pxeboot/initrd.img -> /var/lib/tftpboot/images/rhel-7-x86_64/initrd.img

copying images

generating PXE configuration files

generating: /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/01-00-50-56-3a-17-d2

generating: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/01-00-50-56-3A-17-D2

generating PXE menu structure

copying files for distro: rhel-7-x86_64

trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz -> /var/www/cobbler/images/rhel-7-x86_64/vmlinuz

trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7/images/pxeboot/initrd.img -> /var/www/cobbler/images/rhel-7-x86_64/initrd.img

Writing template files for rhel-7-x86_64

rendering DHCP files

generating /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf

rendering TFTPD files

generating /etc/xinetd.d/tftp

processing boot_files for distro: rhel-7-x86_64

cleaning link caches

running post-sync triggers

running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*

running python trigger cobbler.modules.sync_post_restart_services

running: dhcpd -t -q

received on stdout:

received on stderr:

running: service dhcpd restart

received on stdout:

received on stderr: Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart dhcpd.service

running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*

running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*

running python trigger cobbler.modules.manage_genders

running python trigger cobbler.modules.scm_track

running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*

*** TASK COMPLETE ***

• 檢查dhcp是否正常

[root@localhost ~]# netstat -anulp|grep dhcp

udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:67 0.0.0.0:* 12692/dhcpd

• 導(dǎo)入redhat7鏡像

[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom/

mount: /dev/sr0 寫保護(hù)，將以只讀方式掛載

[root@localhost ~]# cobbler import --path=/mnt/cdrom --name=rhel-7 arch=x86_64

task started: 2019-08-29_171616_import

task started (id=Media import, time=Thu Aug 29 17:16:16 2019)

Found a candidate signature: breed=redhat, version=rhel6

Found a candidate signature: breed=redhat, version=rhel7

Found a matching signature: breed=redhat, version=rhel7

Adding distros from path /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7:

creating new distro: rhel-7-x86_64

trying symlink: /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7 -> /var/www/cobbler/links/rhel-7-x86_64

creating new profile: rhel-7-x86_64

associating repos

checking for rsync repo(s)

checking for rhn repo(s)

checking for yum repo(s)

starting descent into /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7 for rhel-7-x86_64

processing repo at : /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7

need to process repo/comps: /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7

looking for /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7/repodata/comps.xml

Keeping repodata as-is :/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7/repodata

processing repo at : /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7/addons/HighAvailability

need to process repo/comps: /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7/addons/HighAvailability

looking for /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7/addons/HighAvailability/repodata/comps.xml

Keeping repodata as-is :/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7/addons/HighAvailability/repodata

processing repo at : /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7/addons/ResilientStorage

need to process repo/comps: /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7/addons/ResilientStorage

looking for /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7/addons/ResilientStorage/repodata/comps.xml

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[外鏈圖片轉(zhuǎn)存中…(img-gXZNTj4c-1712760262450)]

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