sqlacehmy? one to one? ? ------detial? to descript
?關(guān)于uselist的使用。如果你使用orm直接創(chuàng)建表關(guān)系,實際上在數(shù)據(jù)庫中是可以創(chuàng)建成多對多的關(guān)系,如果加上uselist=False 你會發(fā)現(xiàn)你的orm只能查詢出來一個,如果不要這個參數(shù)orm查詢的就是多個,一對多的關(guān)系。數(shù)據(jù)庫級別如果也要限制可以自行建立唯一鍵進行約束。
總結(jié)就是:sqlacehmy One to One 是orm級別限制
sqlacehmy 簡單創(chuàng)建實例展示:
from sqlalchemy import create_engine from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base from sqlalchemy import Column, Integer, String, DateTime ? ?
Base = declarative_base()
engine = create_engine('mysql+pymysql://root:123456@localhost:3306/test?charset=utf8', echo=True) ? ? class Worker(Base): ? # 表名 ? __tablename__ = 'worker' ? id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True) ? name = Column(String(50), unique=True) ? age = Column(Integer) ? birth = Column(DateTime) ? part_name = Column(String(50)) ? ? # 創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)表
Base.metadata.create_all(engine)
該方法引入declarative_base模塊,生成其對象Base,再創(chuàng)建一個類Worker。一般情況下,數(shù)據(jù)表名和類名是一致的。tablename用于定義數(shù)據(jù)表的名稱,可以忽略,忽略時默認定義類名為數(shù)據(jù)表名。然后創(chuàng)建字段id、name、age、birth、part_name,最后使用Base.metadata.create_all(engine)在數(shù)據(jù)庫中創(chuàng)建對應(yīng)的數(shù)據(jù)表
數(shù)據(jù)表的刪除
刪除數(shù)據(jù)表的時候,一定要先刪除設(shè)有外鍵的數(shù)據(jù)表,也就是先刪除part,然后才能刪除worker,兩者之間涉及外鍵,這是在數(shù)據(jù)庫中刪除數(shù)據(jù)表的規(guī)則。對于兩種不同方式創(chuàng)建的數(shù)據(jù)表,刪除語句也不一樣。
Base.metadata.drop_all(engine)
part.drop(bind=engine)
part.drop(bind=engine) Base.metadata.drop_all(engine)
sqlachemy +orm + create table代碼
from sqlalchemy import Column, String, create_engine, Integer, Text
from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker,declarative_base
import time
# 創(chuàng)建對象的基類:
Base = declarative_base()
# 定義User對象:
class User(Base):
# 表的名字:
__tablename__ = 'wokers'
# 表的結(jié)構(gòu):
id = Column(Integer, autoincrement=True, primary_key=True, unique=True, nullable=False)
name = Column(String(50), nullable=False)
sex = Column(String(4), nullable=False)
nation = Column(String(20), nullable=False)
birth = Column(String(8), nullable=False)
id_address = Column(Text, nullable=False)
id_number = Column(String(18), nullable=False)
creater = Column(String(32))
create_time = Column(String(20), nullable=False)
updater = Column(String(32))
update_time = Column(String(20), nullable=False, default=time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", time.localtime()),
onupdate=time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", time.localtime()))
comment = Column(String(200))
# 初始化數(shù)據(jù)庫連接:
engine = create_engine('postgresql://postgres:name@pwd:port/dbname') # 用戶名:密碼@localhost:端口/數(shù)據(jù)庫名
Base.metadata.create_all(bind=engine)
可級聯(lián)刪除的寫法實例?
class Parent(Base):
__tablename__ = "parent"
id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
class Child(Base):
__tablename__ = "child"
id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
parentid = Column(Integer, ForeignKey(Parent.id, ondelete='cascade'))
parent = relationship(Parent, backref="children")
sqlachemy 比較好用的orm介紹鏈接:https://www.cnblogs.com/DragonFire/p/10166527.html
sqlachemy的級聯(lián)刪除:
https://www.cnblogs.com/ShanCe/p/15381412.html
除了以上例子還列舉一下創(chuàng)建多對多關(guān)系實例
class UserModel(BaseModel):
__tablename__ = "system_user"
__table_args__ = ({'comment': '用戶表'})
username = Column(String(150), nullable=False, comment="用戶名")
password = Column(String(128), nullable=False, comment="密碼")
name = Column(String(40), nullable=False, comment="姓名")
mobile = Column(String(20), nullable=True, comment="手機號")
email = Column(String(255), nullable=True, comment="郵箱")
gender = Column(Integer, default=1, nullable=False, comment="性別")
avatar = Column(String(255), nullable=True, comment="頭像")
available = Column(Boolean, default=True, nullable=False, comment="是否可用")
is_superuser = Column(Boolean, default=False, nullable=False, comment="是否超管")
last_login = Column(DateTime, nullable=True, comment="最近登錄時間")
dept_id = Column(
BIGINT,
ForeignKey('system_dept.id', ondelete="CASCADE", onupdate="RESTRICT"),
nullable=True, index=True, comment="DeptID"
)
dept_part = relationship('DeptModel',back_populates='user_part')
roles = relationship("RoleModel", back_populates='users', secondary=UserRolesModel.__tablename__, lazy="joined")
positions = relationship("PositionModel", back_populates='users_obj', secondary=UserPositionModel.__tablename__, lazy="joined")
class PositionModel(BaseModel):
__tablename__ = "system_position_management"
__table_args__ = ({'comment': '崗位表'})
postion_number = Column(String(50), nullable=False, comment="崗位編號")
postion_name = Column(String(50), nullable=False, comment="崗位名稱")
remark = Column(String(100), nullable=True, default="", comment="備注")
positon_status = Column(Integer, nullable=False, default=0, comment="崗位狀態(tài)")
create_user = Column(Integer, nullable=True, comment="創(chuàng)建人")
update_user = Column(Integer, nullable=True, comment="修改人")
users_obj = relationship("UserModel", back_populates='positions', secondary=UserPositionModel.__tablename__, lazy="joined")
class UserPositionModel(BaseModel):
__tablename__ = "system_user_position"
__table_args__ = ({'comment': '用戶崗位關(guān)聯(lián)表'})
user_id = Column(
BIGINT,
ForeignKey("system_user.id", ondelete="CASCADE", onupdate="RESTRICT"),
primary_key=True, comment="用戶ID"
)
position_id = Column(
BIGINT,
ForeignKey("system_position_management.id", ondelete="CASCADE", onupdate="RESTRICT"),
primary_key=True, comment="崗位ID"
)
以上實例是多對多關(guān)系,主要是由PositionModel進行量表之間的多對多關(guān)系的關(guān)聯(lián)
多對多關(guān)系查詢
Session=sessionmaker(bind=engine)
sessions=Session()
Userobj=sessions.query(UserModel).filter(UserModel.id == 1).first()
# Positionobj=sessions.query(PositionModel).filter(PositionModel.id == 14).first()
# Userobj.positions.append(Positionobj)
for item in Userobj.positions:
print(item.postion_name)
sessions.commit()
sessions.close()
2個對象之間是通過relationship 關(guān)聯(lián)參數(shù)進行 append 來創(chuàng)建關(guān)系
還可以通過remove來刪除之間的關(guān)系
關(guān)于基類外鍵關(guān)系搭建
1.關(guān)系中的Mixin
在SQLAlchemy的declarative體系里面,Mixin慣用法也可以用在relationship中。relationship()函數(shù)創(chuàng)建的關(guān)系,可以用declared_attr方法,消除在復(fù)制關(guān)系及其綁定字段時可能產(chǎn)生的歧義。如下的示例,將外鍵和relationship組合在一起,這樣Foo和Bar兩個派生類,都可以被配置為通過多對一的關(guān)系關(guān)聯(lián)到Target類(譯注:目前正在做單獨使用Superset后端的定制開發(fā),會新增很多張表,似乎本節(jié)的方法可以用在模型定義上)。
class RefTargetMixin(object):
@declared_attr
def target_id(cls):
return Column('target_id', ForeignKey('target.id'))
@declared_attr
def target(cls):
return relationship("Target")
class Foo(RefTargetMixin, Base):
__tablename__ = 'foo'
id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
class Bar(RefTargetMixin, Base):
__tablename__ = 'bar'
id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
class Target(Base):
__tablename__ = 'target'
id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
?2.基類外鍵多表關(guān)系搭建(foreign_keys的使用)
class RefTargetMixin(object):
@declared_attr
def target_id(cls):
return Column('target_id', ForeignKey('target.id'))
@declared_attr
def target(cls):
return relationship("Target")
class Foo(RefTargetMixin, Base):
__tablename__ = 'foo'
id = Column(BIGINT, primary_key=True, autoincrement=True, unique=True, comment='主鍵ID', nullable=False)
description = Column(Text, nullable=True, comment="備注")
name = Column(String(40), nullable=False, comment="部門名稱")
order = Column(Integer, nullable=False, default=1, comment="顯示排序")
parent_id = Column(
BIGINT,
ForeignKey("foo.id", ondelete="CASCADE", onupdate="RESTRICT"),
nullable=True, index=True, comment="父級部門ID"
)
available = Column(Boolean, nullable=False, default=True, comment="是否可用")
# description = Column(Text, nullable=True, comment="備注")
# user_part = relationship("UserModel", back_populates="dept_part")
parent = relationship("Foo", foreign_keys=[parent_id], cascade='all, delete-orphan')
class Bar(RefTargetMixin, Base):
__tablename__ = 'bar'
id = Column(BIGINT, primary_key=True, autoincrement=True, unique=True, comment='主鍵ID', nullable=False)
description = Column(Text, nullable=True, comment="備注")
name = Column(String(50), nullable=False, comment="菜單名稱")
type = Column(Integer, nullable=False, comment="菜單類型")
icon = Column(String(50), nullable=False, default="", comment="圖標")
order = Column(Integer, nullable=False, default=1, comment="顯示排序")
permission = Column(String(50), nullable=False, default="", comment="權(quán)限標識")
route_name = Column(String(50), nullable=True, comment="路由名稱")
route_path = Column(String(50), nullable=True, comment="路由路徑")
component_path = Column(String(50), nullable=True, comment="組件路徑")
parent_id = Column(
BIGINT,
ForeignKey("bar.id", ondelete="CASCADE", onupdate="RESTRICT"),
nullable=True, index=True, comment="父級菜單ID"
)
parent_name = Column(String(50), nullable=True, comment="父級菜單名稱")
available = Column(Boolean, nullable=False, default=True, comment="是否可用")
cache = Column(Boolean, nullable=False, default=True, comment="是否緩存")
hidden = Column(Boolean, nullable=False, default=False, comment="是否隱藏")
# description = Column(Text, nullable=True, comment="備注")
parent = relationship("Bar", cascade='all, delete-orphan')
# roles = relationship("RoleModel", back_populates='menus', secondary=RoleMenusModel.__tablename__, lazy="joined")
class Target(Base):
__tablename__ = 'target'
id = Column(BIGINT, primary_key=True, autoincrement=True, unique=True, comment='主鍵ID', nullable=False)
description = Column(Text, nullable=True, comment="備注")
username = Column(String(150), nullable=False, comment="用戶名")
password = Column(String(128), nullable=False, comment="密碼")
name = Column(String(40), nullable=False, comment="姓名")
mobile = Column(String(20), nullable=True, comment="手機號")
email = Column(String(255), nullable=True, comment="郵箱")
gender = Column(Integer, default=1, nullable=False, comment="性別")
avatar = Column(String(255), nullable=True, comment="頭像")
available = Column(Boolean, default=True, nullable=False, comment="是否可用")
is_superuser = Column(Boolean, default=False, nullable=False, comment="是否超管")
last_login = Column(DateTime, nullable=True, comment="最近登錄時間")
dept_id = Column(
BIGINT,
ForeignKey('system_dept.id', ondelete="SET NULL", onupdate="RESTRICT"),
nullable=True, index=True, comment="部門ID"
)
dept = relationship('Foo')
# roles = relationship("RoleModel", secondary=UserRolesModel.__tablename__, lazy="joined")
# positions = relationship("PositionModel", secondary=UserPositionsModel.__tablename__, lazy="joined")
說明
關(guān)于sqlachemy 主鍵繼承問題?
class CustomMixin(TimestampMixin):
"""
自定義公共 ORM 模型
"""
id = Column(BIGINT, primary_key=True, autoincrement=True, unique=True, comment='主鍵ID', nullable=False)
description = Column(Text, nullable=True, comment="備注")
@declared_attr
def creator_id(cls):
return Column(
BIGINT,
ForeignKey("system_user.id", ondelete="SET NULL", onupdate="RESTRICT"),
nullable=True, index=True, comment="創(chuàng)建人"
)
@declared_attr
def creator(cls):
return relationship("UserModel", foreign_keys=cls.creator_id)
class UserModel(CustomMixin, Model):
__tablename__ = "system_user"
__table_args__ = ({'comment': '用戶表'})
username = Column(String(150), nullable=False, comment="用戶名")
password = Column(String(128), nullable=False, comment="密碼")
name = Column(String(40), nullable=False, comment="姓名")
mobile = Column(String(20), nullable=True, comment="手機號")
email = Column(String(255), nullable=True, comment="郵箱")
gender = Column(Integer, default=1, nullable=False, comment="性別")
avatar = Column(String(255), nullable=True, comment="頭像")
available = Column(Boolean, default=True, nullable=False, comment="是否可用")
is_superuser = Column(Boolean, default=False, nullable=False, comment="是否超管")
last_login = Column(DateTime, nullable=True, comment="最近登錄時間")
dept_id = Column(
BIGINT,
ForeignKey('system_dept.id', ondelete="SET NULL", onupdate="RESTRICT"),
nullable=True, index=True, comment="部門ID"
)
dept = relationship('DeptModel', primaryjoin="UserModel.dept_id == DeptModel.id")
roles = relationship("RoleModel", secondary=UserRolesModel.__tablename__, lazy="joined")
positions = relationship("PositionModel", secondary=UserPositionsModel.__tablename__, lazy="joined")
關(guān)于sqlachemy 模型外鍵 relationship? ?配置scheme問題解決
?僅僅主要配置relationship relationship 關(guān)聯(lián)值文章來源:http://www.zghlxwxcb.cn/news/detail-821845.html
class PositionOut(Basemodel):
? ? ? ? id : int
? ? ? ? name: str
positions = PositionOut
即可!文章來源地址http://www.zghlxwxcb.cn/news/detail-821845.html
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