1）圖形界面安裝

CentOS7 沒有圖形化操作可能對很多人來說都不太習慣，下面我們來為 CentOS7 安裝圖形化界面，本文以安裝 GNOME 圖形化為例

**寫在安裝前： **如果你的 CentOS7 是最小化安裝，默認都是不帶 XWINDOWS 的

1. 配置公網(wǎng) Yum 源

mkdir /etc/yum.repos.d/backup
mv /etc/yum.repos.d/*.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/backup

cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/base.repo <<EOF
[base]
name=base
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/\$releasever/os/\$basearch/ 
        https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/centos/\$releasever/os/\$basearch/ 
        https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/centos/\$releasever/os/\$basearch/
        https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos/\$releasever/os/\$basearch/
        http://mirrors.163.com/centos/\$releasever/os/\$basearch/
        http://mirrors.sohu.com/centos/\$releasever/os/\$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-\$releasever

[epel]
name=epel
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/\$releasever/\$basearch/
        https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/epel/\$releasever/\$basearch/
        https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/epel/\$releasever/\$basearch/
        https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/epel/\$releasever/\$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-\$releasever

[extras]
name=extras
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/\$releasever/extras/\$basearch/
        https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/centos/\$releasever/extras/\$basearch/
        https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/centos/\$releasever/extras/\$basearch/
        https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos/\$releasever/extras/\$basearch/
        http://mirrors.163.com/centos/\$releasever/extras/\$basearch/
        http://mirrors.sohu.com/centos/\$releasever/extras/\$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-\$releasever

[updates]
name=updates
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/\$releasever/updates/\$basearch/
        https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/centos/\$releasever/updates/\$basearch/
        https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/centos/\$releasever/updates/\$basearch/
        https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos/\$releasever/updates/\$basearch/
        http://mirrors.163.com/centos/\$releasever/updates/\$basearch/
        http://mirrors.sohu.com/centos/\$releasever/updates/\$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-\$releasever

[centosplus]
name=centosplus
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/\$releasever/centosplus/\$basearch/
        https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/centos/\$releasever/centosplus/\$basearch/
        https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/centos/\$releasever/centosplus/\$basearch/
        https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos/\$releasever/centosplus/\$basearch/
        http://mirrors.163.com/centos/\$releasever/centosplus/\$basearch/
        http://mirrors.sohu.com/centos/\$releasever/centosplus/\$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-\$releasever
EOF

yum clean all
yum repolist

輸入安裝 GNOME Desktop 命令

// < '桌面二選一' >
1. yum groupinstall -y "GNOME Desktop" 	# GNOME DESKTOP
2. yum groupinstall -y "MATE Desktop"		# MATE DESKTOP

安裝完畢后，需要 設置默認從圖形化界面啟動

// 設置成圖形模式
systemctl set-default graphical.target  

重啟系統(tǒng)

reboot

2）VNC 服務安裝

Linux 系統(tǒng)在服務器上一般都直接最小化安裝，并未安裝圖形界面，但是有時候，有一些特殊情況，需要使用圖形界面。< 當然，其實我們也可以直接通過 XServer 轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)至 Windows 顯示 >
下面我將利用 VNC 來實現(xiàn)類似 Windows 的遠程桌面功能。

首先，系統(tǒng)需要有圖形界面，可以在安裝系統(tǒng)的時候一起安裝 GNOME，或者后面再安裝也行，下面即安裝方法。

1. 配置公網(wǎng) Yum 源

mkdir /etc/yum.repos.d/backup
mv /etc/yum.repos.d/*.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/backup

cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/base.repo <<EOF
[base]
name=base
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/\$releasever/os/\$basearch/ 
        https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/centos/\$releasever/os/\$basearch/ 
        https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/centos/\$releasever/os/\$basearch/
        https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos/\$releasever/os/\$basearch/
        http://mirrors.163.com/centos/\$releasever/os/\$basearch/
        http://mirrors.sohu.com/centos/\$releasever/os/\$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-\$releasever

[epel]
name=epel
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/\$releasever/\$basearch/
        https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/epel/\$releasever/\$basearch/
        https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/epel/\$releasever/\$basearch/
        https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/epel/\$releasever/\$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-\$releasever

[extras]
name=extras
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/\$releasever/extras/\$basearch/
        https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/centos/\$releasever/extras/\$basearch/
        https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/centos/\$releasever/extras/\$basearch/
        https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos/\$releasever/extras/\$basearch/
        http://mirrors.163.com/centos/\$releasever/extras/\$basearch/
        http://mirrors.sohu.com/centos/\$releasever/extras/\$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-\$releasever

[updates]
name=updates
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/\$releasever/updates/\$basearch/
        https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/centos/\$releasever/updates/\$basearch/
        https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/centos/\$releasever/updates/\$basearch/
        https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos/\$releasever/updates/\$basearch/
        http://mirrors.163.com/centos/\$releasever/updates/\$basearch/
        http://mirrors.sohu.com/centos/\$releasever/updates/\$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-\$releasever

[centosplus]
name=centosplus
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/\$releasever/centosplus/\$basearch/
        https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/centos/\$releasever/centosplus/\$basearch/
        https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/centos/\$releasever/centosplus/\$basearch/
        https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos/\$releasever/centosplus/\$basearch/
        http://mirrors.163.com/centos/\$releasever/centosplus/\$basearch/
        http://mirrors.sohu.com/centos/\$releasever/centosplus/\$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-\$releasever
EOF

yum clean all
yum repolist

2. 安裝 GNOME 桌面

// 列出的組軟件包列表
// < '桌面二選一' >
yum grouplist
yum groupinstall -y "GNOME Desktop"			// 安裝 GNOME DESKTOP
yum groupinstall -y "MATE Desktop"			// 安裝 MATE Desktop

# 安裝完成后, 修改默認啟動方式為圖形化界面
// 設置成圖形模式
systemctl set-default graphical.target  

# 如果要換回來
// 設置成命令模式
systemctl set-default multi-user.target  

然后重啟即可。

1. 安裝 VNC SERVER

yum install tigervnc-server -y

2. 將 root 用戶的 VNC 端口 設置為 Service 服務

// 復制一個 Service 服務設置模板
cp /lib/systemd/system/vncserver@.service /etc/systemd/system/vncserver@:1.service

// 修改此服務配置
# 以下為 root 用戶的配置, 每一個用戶, 都需要單獨設置一個監(jiān)聽服務, 且配置不同
vim /etc/systemd/system/vncserver@\:1.service
[Unit]
Description=Remote desktop service (VNC)
After=syslog.target network.target

[Service]
Type=forking
User=root

# Clean any existing files in /tmp/.X11-unix environment
ExecStartPre=-/usr/bin/vncserver -kill %i
ExecStart=/sbin/runuser -l root -c "/usr/bin/vncserver %i"
PIDFile=/root/.vnc/%H%i.pid
ExecStop=-/usr/bin/vncserver -kill %i

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

3. 設置 VNC 密碼，VNC 的密碼跟系統(tǒng)的用戶密碼不一樣，是使用 VNC 客戶端登陸時需要使用的密碼。

[root@localhost ~] vncpasswd
Password:
Verify:
Would you like to enter a view-only password (y/n)? n		# 這里不添加只讀賬號密碼
A view-only password is not used

4. 啟動服務，驗證端口

# 設為開機啟動
systemctl start vncserver@:1
systemctl enable vncserver@:1

# 查看服務監(jiān)聽的端口
netstat -lnpt | grep Xvnc

# 根據(jù)監(jiān)聽的端口
# 進行端口開放
# 每個用戶會對應一個端口, 第一個用戶默認為 5901 端口, 我這里是 root 用戶
firewall-cmd --add-port=5901/tcp --permanent
firewall-cmd --reload

5. 到此 VNC 服務就已經(jīng)安裝完成了。然后需要使用 VNC 客戶端進行連接。

**注意：MATE DESKTOP **桌面可能會出現(xiàn)如下狀況

解決

< '解決' >
vim ~/.vnc/xstartup
unset SESSION_MANAGER
unset DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS

/usr/bin/mate-session &

重啟 ROOT 端口服務

systemctl restart vncserver@:1

完成 VNC 連接~

3）XRDP 服務安裝

CentOS7 提供了 “Cinnamon Desktop”，“MATE Desktop”，“GNOME Desktop”，“KDE Plasma Workspaces”，“LXQt Desktop”，**“Xfce” ** 讓我們安裝。

1. 我們可以選擇自己喜歡的桌面環(huán)境，在這里選擇安裝 MATE DESKTOP 桌面：

// < '桌面二選一' >
yum groupinstall Xfce -y
yum groupinstall "MATE Desktop" -y

2. 安裝 XRDP

yum -y install xrdp

3. 安裝完成之后，設置開機默認啟動 XRDP

systemctl start xrdp 
systemctl enable xrdp

// 驗證端口
netstat -nltp | grep 3389

4. 創(chuàng)建 ~/.Xclients，設置默認啟動 xfce4 桌面

// xfce Desktop
echo "xfce4-session" > ~/.Xclients
chmod +x .Xclients

// mate Desktop
echo "mate-session" > ~/.Xclients
chmod +x .Xclients

5. 在 Windows 客戶端遠程連接

輸入 **Linux 系統(tǒng) **的賬戶認證

大功告成~文章來源地址http://www.zghlxwxcb.cn/news/detail-797431.html

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