Unity/C#要想和其他電腦或者軟件程序通訊，最好的方式是通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)進(jìn)行通訊，下面簡要介紹以下其原理和實現(xiàn)：

TCP和UDP

TCP和UDP是傳輸層協(xié)議，使用IP協(xié)議從一個網(wǎng)絡(luò)傳送數(shù)據(jù)包到另一個網(wǎng)絡(luò)。把IP想像成一種高速公路，它允許其它協(xié)議在上面行駛并找到到其它電腦的出口。

兩者的不同是：TCP能提供有保證的數(shù)據(jù)傳輸，而UDP不提供，即UDP的數(shù)據(jù)容易丟失。

Socket 接口是TCP/IP網(wǎng)絡(luò)的API，Socket接口定義了許多函數(shù)或例程，用以開發(fā)TCP/IP網(wǎng)絡(luò)上的應(yīng)用程序。也就是說Socket是TCP/UDP通訊的實現(xiàn)方式。

TCP Unity簡單實現(xiàn)

TCP服務(wù)端

新建U3D項目，創(chuàng)建空場景，添加server腳本到相機：

using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Net;
using System.Net.Sockets;	//調(diào)用socket
using System.Text;
using System.Threading;	//調(diào)用線程
using UnityEngine;
using System.IO;

public class server : MonoBehaviour
{
    //定義變量（與GUI一致）
    private string info = "NULL";                          //狀態(tài)信息
    private string recMes = "NULL";                        //接收到的信息
    private int recTimes = 0;                              //接收到的信息次數(shù) 

    private string inputIp = "127.0.0.1";                   //ip地址（本地）
    private string inputPort = "8080";                     //端口值
    private string inputMessage = "NULL";                  //用以發(fā)送的信息   

    private Socket socketWatch;                            //用以監(jiān)聽的套接字
    private Socket socketSend;                             //用以和客戶端通信的套接字

    private bool isSendData = false;                       //是否點擊發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù)按鈕
    private bool clickConnectBtn = false;                  //是否點擊監(jiān)聽按鈕

    // Start is called before the first frame update
    void Start()
    {
        
    }

    // Update is called once per frame
    void Update()
    {
        
    }

    //建立tcp通信鏈接
    private void ClickConnect()
    {
        try
        {
            int _port = Convert.ToInt32(inputPort);         //獲取端口號（32位，4個字節(jié)）
            string _ip = inputIp;                           //獲取ip地址

            Debug.Log(" ip 地址是 ：" + _ip);
            Debug.Log(" 端口號是 ：" + _port);

            clickConnectBtn = true;                         //點擊了監(jiān)聽按鈕，更改狀態(tài)

            info = "ip地址是 ： " + _ip + "端口號是 ： " + _port;

            //點擊開始監(jiān)聽時 在服務(wù)端創(chuàng)建一個負(fù)責(zé)監(jiān)聽IP和端口號的Socket
            socketWatch = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp);
            IPAddress ip = IPAddress.Parse(_ip);
            IPEndPoint point = new IPEndPoint(ip, _port);   //創(chuàng)建對象端口

            socketWatch.Bind(point);                        //綁定端口號

            Debug.Log("監(jiān)聽成功!");
            info = "監(jiān)聽成功";

            socketWatch.Listen(10);                         //設(shè)置監(jiān)聽，最大同時連接10臺

            //創(chuàng)建監(jiān)聽線程
            Thread thread = new Thread(Listen);
            thread.IsBackground = true;
            thread.Start(socketWatch);
        }
        catch { }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 等待客戶端的連接 并且創(chuàng)建與之通信的Socket
    /// </summary>
    void Listen(object o)
    {
        try
        {
            Socket socketWatch = o as Socket;
            while (true)
            {
                socketSend = socketWatch.Accept();           //等待接收客戶端連接

                Debug.Log(socketSend.RemoteEndPoint.ToString() + ":" + "連接成功!");
                info = socketSend.RemoteEndPoint.ToString() + "  連接成功!";

                Thread r_thread = new Thread(Received);      //開啟一個新線程，執(zhí)行接收消息方法
                r_thread.IsBackground = true;
                r_thread.Start(socketSend);

                Thread s_thread = new Thread(SendMessage);   //開啟一個新線程，執(zhí)行發(fā)送消息方法
                s_thread.IsBackground = true;
                s_thread.Start(socketSend);
            }
        }
        catch { }
    }

    // 服務(wù)器端不停的接收客戶端發(fā)來的消息
    void Received(object o)
    {
        try
        {
            Socket socketSend = o as Socket;
            while (true)
            {
                byte[] buffer = new byte[1024 * 6];         //客戶端連接服務(wù)器成功后，服務(wù)器接收客戶端發(fā)送的消息
                int len = socketSend.Receive(buffer);       //實際接收到的有效字節(jié)數(shù)
                if (len == 0)
                {
                    break;
                }
                string str = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(buffer, 0, len);

                Debug.Log("接收到的消息：" + socketSend.RemoteEndPoint + ":" + str);
                recMes = str;

                recTimes++;
                info = "接收到一次數(shù)據(jù)，接收次數(shù)為：" + recTimes;
                Debug.Log("接收數(shù)據(jù)次數(shù)：" + recTimes);
            }
        }
        catch { }
    }

    // 服務(wù)器端不停的向客戶端發(fā)送消息
    void SendMessage(object o)
    {
        try
        {
            Socket socketSend = o as Socket;
            while (true)
            {
                if (isSendData)
                {
                    isSendData = false;

                    byte[] sendByte = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(inputMessage);

                    Debug.Log("發(fā)送的數(shù)據(jù)為 :" + inputMessage);
                    Debug.Log("發(fā)送的數(shù)據(jù)字節(jié)長度 :" + sendByte.Length);

                    socketSend.Send(sendByte);
                }
            }
        }
        catch { }
    }

    // 關(guān)閉連接，釋放資源
    private void OnDisable()
    {
        Debug.Log("begin OnDisable()");

        if (clickConnectBtn)
        {
            try
            {
                socketWatch.Shutdown(SocketShutdown.Both);    //禁用Socket的發(fā)送和接收功能
                socketWatch.Close();                          //關(guān)閉Socket連接并釋放所有相關(guān)資源

                socketSend.Shutdown(SocketShutdown.Both);     //禁用Socket的發(fā)送和接收功能
                socketSend.Close();                           //關(guān)閉Socket連接并釋放所有相關(guān)資源           
            }
            catch (Exception e)
            {
                Debug.Log(e.Message);
            }
        }

        Debug.Log("end OnDisable()");
    }

    //交互界面（代碼創(chuàng)建）
    void OnGUI()
    {
        GUI.color = Color.black;	//字體顏色

        GUI.Label(new Rect(65, 10, 80, 20), "狀態(tài)信息");

        GUI.Label(new Rect(155, 10, 80, 70), info);

        GUI.Label(new Rect(65, 80, 80, 20), "接收到消息：");

        GUI.Label(new Rect(155, 80, 80, 20), recMes);

        GUI.Label(new Rect(65, 120, 80, 20), "發(fā)送的消息：");

        inputMessage = GUI.TextField(new Rect(155, 120, 100, 20), inputMessage, 20);

        GUI.Label(new Rect(65, 160, 80, 20), "本機ip地址：");

        inputIp = GUI.TextField(new Rect(155, 160, 100, 20), inputIp, 20);

        GUI.Label(new Rect(65, 200, 80, 20), "本機端口號：");

        inputPort = GUI.TextField(new Rect(155, 200, 100, 20), inputPort, 20);

        if (GUI.Button(new Rect(65, 240, 60, 20), "開始監(jiān)聽"))
        {
            ClickConnect();	//點擊開始
        }

        if (GUI.Button(new Rect(65, 280, 60, 20), "發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù)"))
        {
            isSendData = true;	//發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù)
        }
    }
}

測試如下：

TCP客戶端

客戶端與服務(wù)端實現(xiàn)類似，貼上腳本：

using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Net;
using System.Net.Sockets;
using System.Text;
using System.IO;

using System.Threading;
using UnityEngine;
using UnityEngine.UI;

public class client : MonoBehaviour
{
    private string staInfo = "NULL";             //狀態(tài)信息
    private string inputIp = "127.0.0.1";   //輸入ip地址
    private string inputPort = "8080";           //輸入端口號
    public string inputMes = "NULL";             //發(fā)送的消息
    private int recTimes = 0;                    //接收到信息的次數(shù)
    private string recMes = "NULL";              //接收到的消息
    private Socket socketSend;                   //客戶端套接字，用來鏈接遠(yuǎn)端服務(wù)器
    private bool clickSend = false;              //是否點擊發(fā)送按鈕

    void Start()
    {

    }

    // Update is called once per frame
    void Update()
    {

    }

    //建立鏈接
    private void ClickConnect()
    {
        try
        {
            int _port = Convert.ToInt32(inputPort);             //獲取端口號
            string _ip = inputIp;                               //獲取ip地址

            //創(chuàng)建客戶端Socket，獲得遠(yuǎn)程ip和端口號
            socketSend = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp);
            IPAddress ip = IPAddress.Parse(_ip);
            IPEndPoint point = new IPEndPoint(ip, _port);

            socketSend.Connect(point);
            Debug.Log("連接成功 , " + " ip = " + ip + " port = " + _port);
            staInfo = ip + ":" + _port + "  連接成功";

            Thread r_thread = new Thread(Received);             //開啟新的線程，不停的接收服務(wù)器發(fā)來的消息
            r_thread.IsBackground = true;
            r_thread.Start();

            Thread s_thread = new Thread(SendMessage);          //開啟新的線程，不停的給服務(wù)器發(fā)送消息
            s_thread.IsBackground = true;
            s_thread.Start();
        }
        catch (Exception)
        {
            Debug.Log("IP或者端口號錯誤......");
            staInfo = "IP或者端口號錯誤......";
        }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 接收服務(wù)端返回的消息
    /// </summary>
    void Received()
    {
        while (true)
        {
            try
            {
                byte[] buffer = new byte[1024 * 6];
                //實際接收到的有效字節(jié)數(shù)
                int len = socketSend.Receive(buffer);
                if (len == 0)
                {
                    break;
                }

                recMes = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(buffer, 0, len);

                Debug.Log("客戶端接收到的數(shù)據(jù) ： " + recMes);

                recTimes ++;
                staInfo = "接收到一次數(shù)據(jù)，接收次數(shù)為 ：" + recTimes;
                Debug.Log("接收次數(shù)為：" + recTimes);
            }
            catch { }
        }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 向服務(wù)器發(fā)送消息
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="sender"></param>
    /// <param name="e"></param>
    void SendMessage()
    {
        try
        {
            while (true)
            {
                if (clickSend)                              //如果點擊了發(fā)送按鈕
                {
                    clickSend = false;
                    string msg = inputMes;
                    byte[] buffer = new byte[1024 * 6];
                    buffer = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(msg);
                    socketSend.Send(buffer);
                    Debug.Log("發(fā)送的數(shù)據(jù)為：" + msg);
                }
            }
        }
        catch { }
    }


    private void OnDisable()
    {
        Debug.Log("begin OnDisable()");

        if (socketSend.Connected)
        {
            try
            {
                socketSend.Shutdown(SocketShutdown.Both);    //禁用Socket的發(fā)送和接收功能
                socketSend.Close();                          //關(guān)閉Socket連接并釋放所有相關(guān)資源
            }
            catch (Exception e)
            {
                print(e.Message);
            }
        }

        Debug.Log("end OnDisable()");
    }

    //用戶界面
    void OnGUI()
    {
        GUI.color = Color.black;

        GUI.Label(new Rect(65, 10, 60, 20), "狀態(tài)信息");

        GUI.Label(new Rect(135, 10, 80, 60), staInfo);

        GUI.Label(new Rect(65, 70, 50, 20), "服務(wù)器ip地址");

        inputIp = GUI.TextField(new Rect(125, 70, 100, 20), inputIp, 20);

        GUI.Label(new Rect(65, 110, 50, 20), "服務(wù)器端口");

        inputPort = GUI.TextField(new Rect(125, 110, 100, 20), inputPort, 20);

        GUI.Label(new Rect(65, 150, 80, 20), "接收到消息：");

        GUI.Label(new Rect(155, 150, 80, 20), recMes);

        GUI.Label(new Rect(65, 190, 80, 20), "發(fā)送的消息：");

        inputMes = GUI.TextField(new Rect(155, 190, 100, 20), inputMes, 20);

        if (GUI.Button(new Rect(65, 230, 60, 20), "開始連接"))
        {
            ClickConnect();
        }

        if (GUI.Button(new Rect(65, 270, 60, 20), "發(fā)送信息"))
        {
            clickSend = true;
        }
    }
}

UDP Unity簡單實現(xiàn)

UDP服務(wù)端

同樣，新建U3D項目，創(chuàng)建腳本：

using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Net;
using System.Net.Sockets;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading;
using UnityEngine;
using UnityEngine.UI;

public class server : MonoBehaviour
{
    private Socket socket; //目標(biāo)socket
    private EndPoint clientEnd; //客戶端
    private IPEndPoint ipEnd; //偵聽端口
    private string recvStr; //接收的字符串
    private string sendStr; //發(fā)送的字符串
    private byte[] recvData = new byte[1024]; //接收的數(shù)據(jù)，必須為字節(jié)
    private byte[] sendData = new byte[1024]; //發(fā)送的數(shù)據(jù)，必須為字節(jié)
    private int recvLen; //接收的數(shù)據(jù)長度
    private Thread connectThread; //連接線程

    // Start is called before the first frame update
    void Start()
    {
        InitSocket(); //在這里初始化server
    }

    // Update is called once per frame
    void Update()
    {
        
    }

    //初始化
    void InitSocket()
    {
        //定義偵聽端口,偵聽任何IP
        ipEnd = new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Any, 8999);
        Debug.Log(ipEnd);
        //定義套接字類型,在主線程中定義
        socket = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Dgram, ProtocolType.Udp);
        //服務(wù)端需要綁定ip
        socket.Bind(ipEnd);
        //定義客戶端
        IPEndPoint sender = new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Any, 9000);
        clientEnd = (EndPoint)sender;
        Debug.Log(clientEnd);
        print("waiting for UDP dgram");

        //開啟一個線程連接，必須的，否則主線程卡死
        connectThread = new Thread(new ThreadStart(SocketReceive));
        connectThread.Start();
    }

    //服務(wù)器發(fā)送
    void SocketSend(string sendStr)
    {
        //清空發(fā)送緩存
        sendData = new byte[1024];
        //數(shù)據(jù)類型轉(zhuǎn)換
        sendData = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(sendStr);
        //發(fā)送給指定客戶端
        socket.SendTo(sendData, sendData.Length, SocketFlags.None, clientEnd);
    }

    //服務(wù)器接收
    void SocketReceive()
    {
        //進(jìn)入接收循環(huán)
        while (true)
        {
            //對data清零
            recvData = new byte[1024];
            //獲取客戶端，獲取客戶端數(shù)據(jù)，用引用給客戶端賦值
            recvLen = socket.ReceiveFrom(recvData, ref clientEnd);
            print("message from: " + clientEnd.ToString()); //打印客戶端信息
                                                            //輸出接收到的數(shù)據(jù)
            recvStr = Encoding.ASCII.GetString(recvData, 0, recvLen);
            print("我是服務(wù)器，接收到客戶端的數(shù)據(jù)" + recvStr);
            //將接收到的數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)過處理再發(fā)送出去
            sendStr = "From Server: " + recvStr;
            SocketSend(sendStr);
        }
    }

    //連接關(guān)閉
    void SocketQuit()
    {
        //關(guān)閉線程
        if (connectThread != null)
        {
            connectThread.Interrupt();
            connectThread.Abort();
        }
        //最后關(guān)閉socket
        if (socket != null)
            socket.Close();
        print("disconnect");
    }

    void OnApplicationQuit()
    {
        SocketQuit();
    }

}

測試結(jié)果如下：

UDP客戶端

客戶端與服務(wù)端類似，腳本如下：

using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;
using System.Net;
using System.Net.Sockets;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading;
using UnityEngine.UI;

public class UdpClient : MonoBehaviour
{
public string editString = “hello wolrd”; //編輯框文字
//以下默認(rèn)都是私有的成員
private Socket socket; //目標(biāo)socket
private EndPoint serverEnd; //服務(wù)端
private IPEndPoint ipEnd; //服務(wù)端端口
private string recvStr; //接收的字符串
private string sendStr; //發(fā)送的字符串
private byte[] recvData = new byte[1024]; //接收的數(shù)據(jù)，必須為字節(jié)
private byte[] sendData = new byte[1024]; //發(fā)送的數(shù)據(jù)，必須為字節(jié)
private int recvLen; //接收的數(shù)據(jù)長度
private Thread connectThread; //連接線程

//初始化
void InitSocket()
{
    //定義連接的服務(wù)器ip和端口，可以是本機ip，局域網(wǎng)，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)
    ipEnd = new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Parse("172.168.1.103"), 8999);
    //定義套接字類型,在主線程中定義
    socket = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Dgram, ProtocolType.Udp);
    //定義服務(wù)端
    IPEndPoint sender = new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Any, 0);
    serverEnd = (EndPoint)sender;
    print("waiting for sending UDP dgram");

    //建立初始連接，這句非常重要，第一次連接初始化了serverEnd后面才能收到消息
    SocketSend("hello");

    //開啟一個線程連接，必須的，否則主線程卡死
    connectThread = new Thread(new ThreadStart(SocketReceive));
    connectThread.Start();
}

void SocketSend(string sendStr)
{
    //清空發(fā)送緩存
    sendData = new byte[1024];
    //數(shù)據(jù)類型轉(zhuǎn)換
    sendData = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(sendStr);
    //發(fā)送給指定服務(wù)端
    socket.SendTo(sendData, sendData.Length, SocketFlags.None, ipEnd);
}

//服務(wù)器接收
void SocketReceive()
{
    //進(jìn)入接收循環(huán)
    while (true)
    {
        //對data清零
        recvData = new byte[1024];
        //獲取客戶端，獲取服務(wù)端端數(shù)據(jù)，用引用給服務(wù)端賦值，實際上服務(wù)端已經(jīng)定義好并不需要賦值
        recvLen = socket.ReceiveFrom(recvData, ref serverEnd);
        print("message from: " + serverEnd.ToString()); //打印服務(wù)端信息
                                                        //輸出接收到的數(shù)據(jù)
        recvStr = Encoding.ASCII.GetString(recvData, 0, recvLen);
        print("我是客戶端，接收到服務(wù)器的數(shù)據(jù)" + recvStr);
    }
}

//連接關(guān)閉
void SocketQuit()
{
    //關(guān)閉線程
    if (connectThread != null)
    {
        connectThread.Interrupt();
        connectThread.Abort();
    }
    //最后關(guān)閉socket
    if (socket != null)
        socket.Close();
}

// Use this for initialization
void Start()
{
    InitSocket(); //在這里初始化
}

void OnGUI()
{
    editString = GUI.TextField(new Rect(10, 10, 100, 20), editString);
    if (GUI.Button(new Rect(10, 30, 60, 20), "send"))
        SocketSend(editString);
}

// Update is called once per frame
void Update()
{

}

void OnApplicationQuit()
{
    SocketQuit();
}

以上。文章來源地址http://www.zghlxwxcb.cn/news/detail-795613.html

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