selenium api
selenium新版本(4.8.2)很多函數(shù)，包括元素定位、很多API方法均發(fā)生變化，本文記錄以selenium4.8.2為準(zhǔn)。
webdriver常用API
| 方法 | 描述 |
|---|---|
| get(String url) | 訪問(wèn)目標(biāo)url地址，打開(kāi)網(wǎng)頁(yè) |
| current_url | 獲取當(dāng)前頁(yè)面url地址 |
| title | 獲取頁(yè)面標(biāo)題 |
| page_source | 獲取頁(yè)面源代碼 |
| close() | 關(guān)閉瀏覽器當(dāng)前打開(kāi)的窗口 |
| quit() | 關(guān)閉瀏覽器所有的窗口 |
| find_element(by) | 查找單個(gè)元素 |
| find_elements(by) | 查找元素列表，返回一個(gè)集合 |
| window_handles | 獲取當(dāng)前窗口句柄 |
from selenium import webdriver
browser = webdriver.Chrome()
browser.get('https://www.baidu.com')
# 網(wǎng)頁(yè)標(biāo)題
print(browser.title)
# 當(dāng)前網(wǎng)址
print(browser.current_url)
# 瀏覽器名稱
print(browser.name)
# cookie
print(browser.get_cookie)
# 當(dāng)前窗口句柄
print(browser.window_handles)
# 網(wǎng)頁(yè)源碼
print(browser.page_source)
百度一下，你就知道
https://www.baidu.com/
chrome
<bound method WebDriver.get_cookie of <selenium.webdriver.chrome.webdriver.WebDriver (session="381859b7996708e36891008a494c290e")>>
['01CD0AD3FA1C37889F3BE65C61160946']
<html style="--bubble-width: 140px; --bubble-padding-left: 164px;"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=utf-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge,chrome=1"><meta content="always" name="referrer"><meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff"><meta name="description" content="全球領(lǐng)先的中文搜索引擎、致力于讓網(wǎng)民更便捷地獲取信息，找到所求。百度超過(guò)千億的中文網(wǎng)頁(yè)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)，可以瞬間找到相關(guān)的搜索結(jié)果。"><link rel="shortcut icon" href="https://www.baidu.com/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon"><link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/content-search.xml" title="百度搜索"><link rel="icon" sizes="any" mask="" href="https://www.baidu.com/favicon.ico"><link rel="dns-prefetch" href="http://dss0.bdstatic.com"><link rel="dns-prefetch" href="http://dss1.bdstatic.com"><link rel="dns-prefetch" href="http://ss1.bdstatic.com"><link rel="dns-prefetch" href="http://sp0.baidu.com"><link rel="dns-prefetch" href="http://sp1.baidu.com"><link rel="dns-prefetch" href="http://sp2.baidu.com"><link rel="dns-prefetch" href="http://pss.bdstatic.com"><link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" href="https://psstatic.cdn.bcebos.com/video/wiseindex/aa6eef91f8b5b1a33b454c401_1660835115000.png"><title>百度一下，你就知道</title><style index="newi" type="text/css">#form .bdsug{top:39px}.bdsug{display:none;position:absolute;width:535px;background:#fff;border:1px solid #ccc!important;_overflow:hidden;box-shadow:1px 1px 3px #ededed;-webkit-box-shadow:1px 1px 3px #ededed;-moz-box-shadow:1px 1px 3px #ededed;-o-box-shadow:1px 1px 3px #ededed}.bdsug li{width:519px;color:#000;font:14px arial;line-height:25px;padding:0 8px;position:relative;cursor:default}.bdsug li.bdsug-s{background:#f0f0f0}.bdsug-store span,.bdsug-store b{color:#7A77C8}.bdsug-store-del{font-size:12px;color:#666;text-decoration:underline;position:absolute;right:8px;top:0;cursor:pointer;display:none}.bdsug-s .bdsug-store-del{display:inline-block}.bdsug-ala{display:inline-block;border-bottom:1px solid 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.bdsug-s{background-color:#F1F3FD!important}#head .s-down #form .bdsug-new{top:32px}.s-skin-hasbg #head_wrapper #form .bdsug-new{border-color:#4569ff!important;border-top:0!important}.s-skin-hasbg #head_wrapper.s-down #form .bdsug-new{border-color:#4e6ef2!important;border-top:0!important}.s-skin-hasbg #head_wrapper.s-down #form.sam_search .bdsug-new{border-color:rgba(0,0,0,.05)!important;border-top:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,.05)!important;top:54px!important}#head_wrapper #form .bdsug-new .bdsug-s,#head_wrapper #form .bdsug-new .bdsug-s span,#head_wrapper #form .bdsug-new .bdsug-s b{color:#315EFB}#head_wrapper #form .bdsug-new>div span:hover,#head_wrapper #form .bdsug-new>div a:hover{color:#315EFB!important}#head_wrapper #form #kw.new-ipt-focus{border-color:#4e6ef2}#head_wrapper #form .bdsug-new ul li{}#head_wrapper #form .bdsug-new ul li .sug-hot-orange,#head_wrapper #form .bdsug-new ul li .sug-hot-grey,#head_wrapper #form .bdsug-new ul li .sug-hot-blue{display:inline-block;width:12px;height:12px;font-size:12px;line-height:12px;padding:2px;text-align:center;font-weight:500;margin-left:6px;vertical-align:text-bottom}#head_wrapper #form .bdsug-new ul li .sug-hot-orange{display:inline-block;color:#fff;background:#F60;border-radius:4px}#head_wrapper #form .bdsug-new ul li .sug-new-tag{text-align:center;margin-left:6px;box-sizing:border-box;font-size:12px;line-height:14px;padding:1px 4px;font-weight:500}#head_wrapper #form .bdsug-new ul li .sug-new-tag-grey{color:#858585;border:1px solid rgba(133,133,133,.5);border-radius:4px}#head_wrapper #form .bdsug-new ul li .sug-new-tag-blue{color:#36F;border:1px solid rgba(51,102,255,.4);border-radius:4px}#head_wrapper #form .bdsug-new ul li .sug-new-tag-orange{color:#F33;border:1px solid rgba(255,51,51,.4);border-radius:4px}#head_wrapper #form .bdsug-new ul li .sug-tag-text{display:inline-block;box-sizing:border-box;margin-left:6px;height:18px;padding:2px 4px;font-size:12px;line-height:12px;font-weight:500;text-align:center;border-radius:4px;vertical-align:middle;border-width:1px;border-style:solid}#head_wrapper #form .bdsug-new ul li .sug-tag-img{height:18px;max-width:80px;vertical-align:middle;margin-left:6px}#head_wrapper #form .bdsug-new ul li .direct-sug-wrap{display:block;height:40px;padding:7px 0;color:#222}#head_wrapper #form .bdsug-new ul li .direct-sug-wrap:visited{color:#222}#head_wrapper #form .bdsug-new ul li .direct-sug-wrap .left-img-wrap{position:relative}#head_wrapper #form .bdsug-new ul li .direct-sug-wrap .left-img-wrap::before{content:"";width:38px;height:38px;position:absolute;top:0;right:0;left:0;bottom:0;border:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,.06);border-radius:9px}#head_wrapper #form .bdsug-new ul li .direct-sug-wrap .left-img{box-sizing:border-box;float:left;width:40px;height:40px;border:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,.06);border-radius:9px;margin-right:6px}#head_wrapper #form .bdsug-new ul li .direct-sug-wrap .content{float:left}#head_wrapper #form .bdsug-new ul li .direct-sug-wrap .header{margin-bottom:6px;line-height:18px;height:18px;vertical-align:middle}#head_wrapper #form .bdsug-new ul li .direct-sug-wrap .name{float:left;font-size:18px;color:#222;font-weight:500}#head_wrapper #form .bdsug-new ul li .direct-sug-wrap .tag-img{width:18px;margin-left:4px}#head_wrapper #form .bdsug-new ul li .direct-sug-wrap .more{line-height:14px;width:240px}#head_wrapper #form .bdsug-new ul li .direct-sug-wrap .brief,#head_wrapper #form .bdsug-new ul li .direct-sug-wrap .info{font-size:14px;color:#222;font-weight:400}#head_wrapper #form .bdsug-new ul li .direct-sug-wrap .brief{margin-right:6px}#head_wrapper #form .bdsug-new ul li .direct-sug-wrap .right-btn{float:right;margin-top:5px;margin-right:6px;width:60px;height:24px;text-align:center;font-size:14px;color:#36F;line-height:24px;background-image:linear-gradient(111deg,#e8f7ff 0,#edf0ff 100%);border-radius:12px}#head_wrapper #form .bdsug-new ul li .direct-sug-wrap .right-btn:hover{background:#315efb;color:#fff}#head_wrapper #form .bdsug-new ul li:hover .direct-sug-wrap .name{color:#315EFB}#head_wrapper #form .bdsug-new ul li:hover .direct-sug-wrap .brief{color:#222}#head_wrapper.s-down #form .sam-bdsug.bdsug-new{top:52px}#head_wrapper #form .sam-bdsug.bdsug-new{width:100%;box-shadow:0 4px 4px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.1);border:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,.05)!important;border-radius:12px;top:56px}#head_wrapper #form .sam-bdsug.bdsug-new ul{border:0;padding:0 0 7px}#head_wrapper #form .sam-bdsug.bdsug-new ul li{line-height:32px}#head_wrapper #form .sam-bdsug.bdsug-new ul .bdsug-s{background-color:#F1F3FD!important}#head_wrapper #form .sam-bdsug.bdsug-new .bdsug-store-del{right:15px}.sam_search .sam_search_rec,.sam_search .sam_search_soutu{z-index:1;display:none;position:absolute;top:50%;margin-top:-12px;font-size:24px;color:#4E6EF2;height:24px;line-height:24px;width:24px;cursor:pointer;-webkit-transform:translate3d(0,0,0);transform:translate3d(0,0,0);transition:transform .3s ease}.sam_search .sam_search_rec{right:54px}.sam_search .sam_search_soutu{right:14px}.sam_search .sam_search_rec:hover,.sam_search .sam_search_soutu:hover{color:#1D4FFF!important;transform:scale(1.08,1.08)}.sam_search .sam_search_rec_hover,.sam_search .sam_search_soutu_hover{background:#626675;border-radius:8px;height:32px;width:76px;text-align:center;line-height:32px;font-size:13px;color:#FFF;position:absolute;z-index:2;top:50px}.sam_search .sam_search_rec_hover:before,.sam_search .sam_search_soutu_hover:before{content:'';border:4px solid transparent;border-bottom:4px solid #626675;position:absolute;left:50%;top:-8px;margin-left:-4px}.sam_search .sam_search_rec_hover{right:29px}.sam_search .sam_search_soutu_hover{display:none;right:-12px}</style><style type="text/css" index="superbase">blockquote,body,button,dd,dl,dt,fieldset,form,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,hr,input,legend,li,ol,p,pre,td,textarea,th,ul{margin:0;padding:0}
html{color:#000;overflow-y:scroll;overflow:-moz-scrollbars}
body,button,input,select,textarea{font-size:12px;font-family:Arial,sans-serif}
h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6{font-size:100%}
em{font-style:normal}
small{font-size:12px}
ol,ul{list-style:none}
a{text-decoration:none}
a:hover{text-decoration:underline}
legend{color:#000}
fieldset,img{border:0}
button,input,select,textarea{font-size:100%}
table{border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0}
img{-ms-interpolation-mode:bicubic}
textarea{resize:vertical}
.left{float:left}
.right{float:right}
.overflow{overflow:hidden}
.hide{display:none}
.block{display:block}
與之前的函數(shù)名稱相比，函數(shù)前面的get都被去掉，然后函數(shù)的命名方法也從駝峰命名法變?yōu)?code>python常用的下劃線命名法。
webelement常用API
通過(guò) WebElement 實(shí)現(xiàn)與網(wǎng)站頁(yè)面上元素的交互，這些元素包含文本框、文本域、按鈕、單選框、div等。文章來(lái)源：http://www.zghlxwxcb.cn/news/detail-752687.html
| 方法 | 描述 |
|---|---|
| click() | 對(duì)元素進(jìn)行點(diǎn)擊 |
| clear() | 清空內(nèi)容（如文本框內(nèi)容） |
| send_keys() | 寫入內(nèi)容與模擬按鍵操作 |
| is_displayed() | 元素是否可見(jiàn)（true:可見(jiàn)） |
| is_enabled | 元素是否啟用 |
| is_selected() | 元素是否已選擇 |
| tag_name | 獲取元素標(biāo)簽名 |
| get_attritube() | 獲取元素對(duì)應(yīng)的屬性值 |
| text | 獲取元素文本值（可見(jiàn)狀態(tài)下才能獲取到） |
| submit() | 表單提交 |
- 代碼示例
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
url = 'https://www.51bmj.cn/policyNotice/%E5%B9%BF%E4%B8%9C%E7%9C%81/%E5%B9%BF%E5%B7%9E%E5%B8%82/1/%E5%88%B6%E9%80%A0'
driver.get(url)
xpath = '//*[@id="__layout"]/div/div/div[2]/div[3]/div[2]/div[1]/div[1]/a'
print(xpath)
element = driver.find_element(by = By.XPATH, value=xpath)
# is_displayed 是否可見(jiàn)
print(element.is_displayed())
# is_enabled 是否啟用
print(element.is_enabled())
# is_selected 是否選擇
print(element.is_selected())
# name 元素標(biāo)簽名
print(element.tag_name)
# get_attritube 獲取元素屬性名
print(element.get_attribute('href'))
# text 獲取元素文本值
print(element.text)
//*[@id="__layout"]/div/div/div[2]/div[3]/div[2]/div[1]/div[1]/a
False
True
False
a
https://51bmj.cn/inform/3247500
控制瀏覽器
文章來(lái)源地址http://www.zghlxwxcb.cn/news/detail-752687.html
- 代碼示例
from selenium import webdriver
import time
browser = webdriver.Chrome()
# 設(shè)置瀏覽器全屏
browser.maximize_window()
browser.get('https://www.baidu.com')
time.sleep(2)
# 打開(kāi)淘寶頁(yè)面
browser.get('https://www.bilibili.com/')
time.sleep(2)
# 后退到百度頁(yè)面
browser.back()
time.sleep(2)
# 前進(jìn)的淘寶頁(yè)面
browser.forward()
time.sleep(2)
# 關(guān)閉瀏覽器
browser.close()
from selenium import webdriver
import time
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
url = 'https://bootapi.51bmj.cn/bmj-api/api/es/Policy/queryPolicyList.json?domain=undefined'
# 設(shè)置瀏覽器大?。喝?/span>
driver.maximize_window()
driver.get('https://www.51bmj.cn/policyNotice/%E5%B9%BF%E4%B8%9C%E7%9C%81/%E5%B9%BF%E5%B7%9E%E5%B8%82/1/%E5%88%B6%E9%80%A0')
#time.sleep(2)
# 設(shè)置分辨率 500*500
driver.set_window_size(500,500)
# 關(guān)閉瀏覽器
#driver.close()
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