背景

• 很多瀏覽器會自動更新，但是 driver 不會自動更新。為了確保 driver 版本和瀏覽器匹配，可以使用第三方庫 webdriver_manager

代碼

• 這個(gè)文件里封裝了幾個(gè)函數(shù)
  • driver_seek : 根據(jù)給定的目錄，和文件名稱，查找該目錄下是否有這個(gè)文件
  • driver_download : 下載 webdriver 到指定目錄，如果path參數(shù)不指定，會下載到 C:\Users\當(dāng)前用戶名 目錄下，如果指定path，就下載到指定目錄 —— 我因?yàn)橛卸鄠€(gè)使用Selenium 的爬蟲項(xiàng)目，所以會把 driver 下載到1個(gè)公用目錄下
  • driver_test ： 測試上面這兩個(gè)函數(shù)是否工作正常

# !/usr/bin/env python3
# _*_ coding:utf-8 _*_
"""
@File               : init_webdriver.py
@Project            : Scrapy
@CreateTime         : 2023/1/2 17:02
@Author             : biaobro
@Software           : PyCharm
@Last Modify Time   : 2023/1/2 17:02
@Version            : 1.0
@Description        : None
    @20230207
    # 安裝webdriver-manager : pip install webdriver-manager
    # webdriver-manager 在python3.11 下報(bào)錯(cuò)無法使用，改用python3.10 后正常
    # 這個(gè)文件只需要完成 檢測目標(biāo)是否存在，如果不存在就下載的任務(wù)就好了，不需要做額外的設(shè)置，應(yīng)用層的設(shè)置交給應(yīng)用層
    # 如果不寫main 函數(shù)，被導(dǎo)入時(shí)就會自動執(zhí)行
"""
from selenium import webdriver

# chrome, firefox, edge, IE
from webdriver_manager.chrome import ChromeDriverManager
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.service import Service as ChromeService
import os


# from webdriver_manager.firefox import GeckoDriverManager
# from webdriver_manager.microsoft import EdgeChromiumDriverManager
# from webdriver_manager.microsoft import IEDriverManager


def driver_seek(folder_name, file_name):
    """根據(jù)輸入的文件名稱查找對應(yīng)的文件夾有無改文件，有則返回文件路徑"""
    for root, dirs, files in os.walk(folder_name):
        if file_name in files:
            # 當(dāng)層文件內(nèi)有該文件，輸出文件地址
            path = os.path.join(root, file_name)  # r'{0}\{1}'.format(root, file_name)
            print(path)
            print('the driver has already been there. you could load it freely.')
            return path
    print(file_name + " doesn't exist in " + folder_name + ', please download it firstly.')
    return None


def driver_download(path=None):
    try:
        # 默認(rèn) webdriver 會被下載到  .home/.wdm folder
        # 本機(jī) [C:\Users\biaob\.wdm\drivers\chromedriver\win32\97.0.4692.71\chromedriver.exe]

        # silent logs and remove them from console
        # os.environ['WDM_LOG_LEVEL'] = '0'

        # disable the blank space in first line
        # os.environ['WDM_PRINT_FIRST_LINE'] = 'False'

        # 如果沒有指定path參數(shù)，就下載到項(xiàng)目路徑
        # 如果指定，就下載到指定路徑
        if path is None:
            # By default, all driver binaries are saved to user.home/.wdm folder.
            # You can override this setting and save binaries to project.root/.wdm.
            # 設(shè)置 'WDM_LOCAL' = '1' 修改設(shè)置，下載文件到項(xiàng)目路徑
            os.environ['WDM_LOCAL'] = '1'

            # 下載地址：https://chromedriver.chromium.org/downloads
            # 老式寫法
            # browser = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path=ChromeDriverManager().install())  # , options=options)

            # 新式寫法
            print("driver will be downloaded into default project folder.")
            ChromeService(ChromeDriverManager().install())
        else:
            # Set the directory where you want to download and save the webdriver.
            # You can use relative and absolute paths.
            print("driver will be downloaded into specified folder.")
            path = ChromeDriverManager().install()
            print(path)
        return True
    except Exception as e:
        print(e)
        return False


def driver_test(path, url="https://www.baidu.com"):
    driver_path = driver_init()
    # option set to avoid 'data' show in address bar
    options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
    # options.add_argument('--no-sandbox')
    # options.add_argument('--disable-dev-shm-usage')
    # options.add_argument(r"user-data-dir=data")
    # options.add_argument(r"headless")
    browser = webdriver.Chrome(service=ChromeService(path), options=options)
    browser.get(url)
    if browser.title == "百度一下，你就知道":
        print("selenium browser headless mode visit Baidu test passed.")
    elif browser.title is not None:
        print(f"selenium browser headless mode visit {url} test passed.")
    else:
        print("selenium browser headless mode test failed!")
    # quit 必須要有，否則停留后臺，需要在任務(wù)管理器中手動關(guān)閉
    browser.quit()


# specify the path directly
# 指定本地目錄
# driver = webdriver.Chrome('D:\Download\chromedriver_win32\chromedriver.exe')

# 用法示例
def driver_init():
    parent_directory = r'..\\'
    file_name = r'chromedriver.exe'

    driver_path = driver_seek(parent_directory, file_name)

    if driver_path is not None:
        return driver_path
    else:
        driver_download(parent_directory)
        return driver_seek(parent_directory, file_name)

運(yùn)行效果

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