?壹、零基礎(chǔ)
一、微服務(wù)架構(gòu)零基礎(chǔ)理論入門
SpringCloud=分布式微服務(wù)架構(gòu)的一站式解決方案,是多種微服務(wù)架構(gòu)落地技術(shù)的集合體,俗稱微服務(wù)全家桶。
二、從2.2.x和H版開始說起
springboot版本選擇:
git源碼地址:https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-boot/releases/
SpringBoot2.0新特性:https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-boot/wiki/Spring-Boot-2.0-Release
springcloud版本選擇:
git源碼地址:https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-cloud
官網(wǎng):https://spring.io/projects/spring-cloud
官網(wǎng)看cloud版本
springcloud和springboot之間依賴關(guān)系:https://spring.io/projects/spring-cloud#overview
三、關(guān)于Cloud各種組件的停更/升級/替換
服務(wù)注冊中序:Eureka(掛)。zookeeper。Consul。Nacos(百萬級推薦)。
服務(wù)調(diào)用1:Ribbon。LoadBalancer。
服務(wù)調(diào)用2:Feign(掛)。OpenFeign。
服務(wù)降級:Hystrix(掛)。resilience4j。sentienl(推薦)。
服務(wù)網(wǎng)關(guān):Zuul(掛)。Zuul2(未出)。gateway(推薦)。
服務(wù)配置:Config(掛)。Nacos(推薦)。
服務(wù)總線:Bus(掛)。Nacos(推薦)。
參考資料:
1. Spring Cloud:https://cloud.spring.io/spring-cloud-static/Hoxton.SR1/reference/htmlsingle/
2. Spring Cloud中文文檔:https://www.bookstack.cn/read/spring-cloud-docs/docs-index.md
3. Spring Boot:https://docs.spring.io/spring-boot/docs/2.2.2.RELEASE/reference/htmlsingle/
四、微服務(wù)架構(gòu)編碼構(gòu)建
4.1 引入依賴
<!-- 統(tǒng)一管理jar包版本 -->
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
<junit.version>4.12</junit.version>
<log4j.version>1.2.17</log4j.version>
<lombok.version>1.16.18</lombok.version>
<mysql.version>5.1.47</mysql.version>
<druid.version>1.1.16</druid.version>
<mybatis.spring.boot.version>1.3.0</mybatis.spring.boot.version>
</properties>
<!-- 子模塊繼承之后,提供作用:鎖定版本+子modlue不用寫groupId和version -->
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<!--spring boot 2.2.2-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>2.2.2.RELEASE</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
<!--spring cloud Hoxton.SR1-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>Hoxton.SR1</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
<!--spring cloud alibaba 2.1.0.RELEASE-->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>2.1.0.RELEASE</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>${mysql.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>druid</artifactId>
<version>${druid.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>${mybatis.spring.boot.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>${junit.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>log4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
<version>${log4j.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<version>${lombok.version}</version>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.2.1.RELEASE</version>
<configuration>
<fork>true</fork>
<addResources>true</addResources>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
DependencyManagement和Dependencies的區(qū)別:
<DependencyManagement>是父類定義的坐標(biāo)版本號,用在父工程,類似于規(guī)范將全工程的版本統(tǒng)一,只負(fù)責(zé)定義,而不負(fù)責(zé)引入實現(xiàn)。真正引入依賴的是子類<dependencies>定義的版本號。如果子類沒指定版本號,默認(rèn)是用父類的。如果子類指定了版本號,則版本號用子類指定的(如果不在子項目中聲明依賴,不會從父項目中繼承。只要在子項目中寫了該依賴項,并且沒有指定具體的版本,才會從父項目中繼承該項,并且version和scope都讀取自父pom)。
maven中跳過單元測試:
4.2 支付模塊構(gòu)建
1.建module:右鍵項目新建Module
2.改POM
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>druid-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>1.1.10</version>
</dependency>
<!--mysql-connector-java-->
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--jdbc-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jdbc</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
<scope>runtime</scope>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
3. 寫YML
在cloud-provider-payment8001的resources下創(chuàng)建application.yml文件,注意要變成綠色樹葉:
server:
port: 8081
spring:
application:
name: cloud-payment-service
datasource:
type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db2019?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&usrSSL=false
username: root
password: 111111
mybatis:
mapper-locations: classpath:mapper/*.xml #在mapper包下創(chuàng)建.xml配置文件
type-aliases-package: com.atguigu.springcloud.entities #entities下創(chuàng)建實體類
4. 主啟動
在src/main/java/com/atguigu/springcloud包下創(chuàng)建PaymentMain8001類,加上@SpringBootApplication作為主啟動類:
@SpringBootApplication
public class PaymentMain8001 {
public static void main(String[] args){
SpringApplication.run(PaymentMain8001.class,args);
}
}
5. 業(yè)務(wù)類
5.1 建表SQL
CREATE TABLE `payment`(
`id` bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT 'ID',
`serial` varchar(200) DEFAULT '',
PRIMARY KEY(`id`)
)ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
5.2 entities實體類
在java/com/atguigu/springcloud下創(chuàng)建entities包,在其下創(chuàng)建Payment類:
主實體Payment代碼:
public class Payment implements Serializable {
private Long id;
private String serial;
public Long getId() {return id;}
public void setId(Long id) {this.id = id;}
public String getSerial() {return serial;}
public void setSerial(String serial) {this.serial = serial;}
public Payment(Long id, String serial) {this.id = id;this.serial = serial;}
public Payment() {}
}
Json封裝體CommonResult
在entities包下創(chuàng)建CommonResult類:
public class CommonResult<T> {
private Integer code;
private String message;
private T data;
public CommonResult(Integer code,String message){this(code,message,null);}
public CommonResult(Integer code, String message, T data) {this.code = code;this.message = message;this.data = data;}
public CommonResult() {}
public Integer getCode() {return code;}
public void setCode(Integer code) {this.code = code;}
public String getMessage() {return message;}
public void setMessage(String message) {this.message = message;}
public T getData() {return data;}
public void setData(T data) {this.data = data;}
}
1. @Data
是一個Lombok注解,用于自動生成Java類的常見方法,如getter、setter、toString、equals和hashCode方法。
2. this(code, message, null)
表示調(diào)用當(dāng)前類的另一個構(gòu)造函數(shù)CommonResult(Integer code, String message, Object data)
,并傳遞參數(shù)code
、message
和null。
3. @AllArgsConstructor
是Lombok注解之一,用于自動生成一個包含所有參數(shù)的構(gòu)造函數(shù)。
5.3 dao
創(chuàng)建dao包,在其下創(chuàng)建PaymentDao接口,記得寫@Mapper注解:
@Mapper
public interface PaymentDao {
public int create(Payment payment);
public Payment getPaymentById(@Param("id") Long id);
}
mybatis的映射文件:
在resources下創(chuàng)建mapper包,創(chuàng)建PaymentMapper.xml映射文件:
1. parameterType是用來指定傳入SQL語句的參數(shù)類型。
2. resultMap用來指定查詢結(jié)果映射到哪個Java對象上。
3. column是數(shù)據(jù)庫字段,property是java對象屬性。
4.keyProperty
:用于指定自動生成的主鍵值要被設(shè)置到Java實體類的哪個屬性上。
resultMap映射屬性,用于防止命名不規(guī)范造成錯誤:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.atguigu.springcloud.dao.PaymentDao">
<insert id="create" parameterType="Payment" useGeneratedKeys="true" keyProperty="id">
insert into payment(serial) values(#{serial});
</insert>
<resultMap id="BaseResultMap" type="com.atguigu.springcloud.entities.Payment">
<id column="id" property="id" jdbcType="BIGINT"/>
<id column="serial" property="serial" jdbcType="VARCHAR"/>
</resultMap>
<select id="getPaymentById" parameterType="Long" resultMap="BaseResultMap">
select * from payment where id=#{id};
</select>
</mapper>
5.4 service
在springcloud下創(chuàng)建service包,創(chuàng)建PaymentService接口:
public interface PaymentService{
public int create(Payment payment);
public Payment getPatmentById(@Param("id") Long id);
}
1. @Param注解的作用是給方法參數(shù)起別名,@Param注解的作用是給方法參數(shù)起別名。@Param("id")表示給方法參數(shù)id起別名為"id"。這樣在SQL映射文件中可以使用#{id}來引用這個參數(shù)。
創(chuàng)建PaymentServiceImpl實現(xiàn)類,記得寫@Service注解
1. @Resource注解是用來標(biāo)記一個需要依賴注入的對象。可以根據(jù)名稱進(jìn)行依賴注入,也可以根據(jù)類型進(jìn)行依賴注入。
@Service
public class PaymentServiceImpl implements PaymentService {
@Resource
private PaymentDao paymentDao;
public int create(Payment payment) {
return paymentDao.create(payment);
}
public Payment getPatmentById(Long id) {
return paymentDao.getPaymentById(id);
}
}
5.5 controller
在springcloud下創(chuàng)建controller包,然后創(chuàng)建PaymentController類:
1. @GetMapping注解用于將HTTP的GET請求映射到相應(yīng)的處理方法上。
2.?@PathVariable注解用于將URL路徑中的變量值綁定到方法參數(shù)上。
@RestController
public class PaymentController {
@Resource
private PaymentService paymentService;
@PostMapping(value="/payment/create")
public CommonResult create(Payment payment){
System.out.println(payment.getSerial());
int result = paymentService.create(payment);
if(result>0){
return new CommonResult(200,"插入數(shù)據(jù)庫成功",result);
}else{
return new CommonResult(444,"插入數(shù)據(jù)庫失敗",null);
}
}
@GetMapping(value="/payment/get/{id}")
public CommonResult getPaymentById(@PathVariable("id") Long id)
{
Payment payment = paymentService.getPatmentById(id);
if(payment != null){
return new CommonResult(200,"查詢成功",payment);
}else{
return new CommonResult(444,"沒有對應(yīng)記錄,查詢ID:"+id,null);
}
}
}
5.6 測試
啟動啟動類,在地址欄輸入localhost:8001/payment/get/31
瀏覽器不適合發(fā)post請求,因此去postman發(fā)請求,id是自增的,只需要發(fā)送serial即可:
4.3 熱部署
Devtools熱部署,代碼改動,自動重啟。
第1步:在cloud-provider-payment8001添加依賴
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
<scope>runtime</scope>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
?第2步:父工程cloud2020添加插件
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.2.1.RELEASE</version>
<configuration>
<fork>true</fork>
<addResources>true</addResources>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
第3步:開啟自動編譯權(quán)限?
第4步:更新值,開啟熱注冊
輸入快捷鍵:ctrl + shift + alt + /
?
第5步:重啟
(失敗)測試:同樣是PaymentMain8001啟動,然后進(jìn)入到cloud-provider-payment8001下的controller,更改CommonResult為CommonResult<Payment>,會實時刷新(失敗)。
4.4 消費(fèi)者訂單模塊
1. 建module
名字:Cloud-consumer-order80,src下有main和test,main下有java和resource
2. 改pom
web、acuator是圖形化的監(jiān)控展現(xiàn),要先加mybatis的驅(qū)動運(yùn)行,之后可以刪除mybatis驅(qū)動,不然.yml會變不成綠葉:
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
<scope>runtime</scope>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
3. 寫YML
在resources下建application.yml,設(shè)置端口80
server:
port: 81
4. 主啟動
在java下創(chuàng)建com.atguigu.springcloud.OrderMain80類
@SpringBootApplication
public class OrderMain81 {
public static void main(String[] args){
SpringApplication.run(OrderMain81.class,args);
}
}
5. 業(yè)務(wù)類
5.1 entities復(fù)制payment8001的
RestTemplate提供了多種便捷訪問遠(yuǎn)程Http服務(wù)的方法,是一種簡單便捷的訪問restful服務(wù)模板類,是Spring提供的用于訪問Rest服務(wù)的客戶端模板工具集。
5.2 創(chuàng)建springcloud下的config包,在包下創(chuàng)建ApplicationContextConfig類:
@Configuration
public class ApplicationContextConfig{
@Bean
public RestTemplate getRestTemp(){
return new RestTemplate();
}
}
5.3 在controller包下創(chuàng)建OrderController類:
@RestController
@Slf4j
public class OrderController{
public static final String PAYMENT_URL = "http://localhost:8081";
@Resource
private RestTemplate restTemplate;
@PostMapping("/consumer/payment/create")
public CommonResult<Payment> create(Payment payment){
return restTemplate.postForObject(PAYMENT_URL+"/payment/create",payment,CommonResult.class);
}
@GetMapping("/consumer/payment/get/{id}")
public CommonResult<Payment> getPayment(@PathVariable("id") Long id){
return restTemplate.getForObject(PAYMENT_URL+"/payment/get/"+id,CommonResult.class);
}
}
??
但此時調(diào)用create方法會出現(xiàn)插入值為空的情況,記得要在cloud-provider-payment8001的controller下的PaymentController類中加入@RequestBody注解:
@RequestBody
注解用于將HTTP請求的請求體部分映射到方法的參數(shù)上。
新版的Dashboard叫作services
4.5 重構(gòu)
新建一個cloud-api-commons模塊,作為通用封裝類:
在模塊下引入依賴:
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
<scope>runtime</scope>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>cn.hutool</groupId>
<artifactId>hutool-all</artifactId>
<version>5.1.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependencies>
在模塊的java目錄下建com.atguigu.springcloud.entities包,直接將entities粘貼在下面:
點擊右邊的Maven,選擇刷新出現(xiàn)cloud-api-commons,進(jìn)入Lifecycle點擊clean點擊install即可。
刪除掉原先的entities包
將下面依賴粘貼在刪掉entities包的模塊之下:
<dependency>
<groupId>com.atguigu.springcloud</groupId>
<artifactId>cloud-api-commons</artifactId>
<version>${project.version}</version>
</dependency>
貳、初級
五、Eureka服務(wù)注冊與發(fā)現(xiàn)
7001、7002模擬的是Eureka服務(wù)器,81模擬消費(fèi)者,8081和8082模擬生產(chǎn)者。
5.1 基礎(chǔ)知識
5.2 服務(wù)端安裝
1. 建module
ArtifactId:cloud-eureka-server7001,com.atguigu.springcloud
2. 改POM
<dependencies>
<!--eureka-server-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server</artifactId>
</deoendency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.atguigu.springcloud</groupId>
<artifactId>cloud-api-common</artifactId>
<version>${project.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
<scope>runtime</scope>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
3. 寫YML
在resources下創(chuàng)建application.yml
server:
port: 7001
eureka:
instance:
hostname: localhost #eureka服務(wù)端實例名稱
client:
#false表示不向注冊中心注冊自己
register-with-eureka: false
#false表示自己端就是注冊中心,我的職責(zé)就是維護(hù)服務(wù)實例,不需要檢索服務(wù)
fetch-registry: false
service-url:
#設(shè)置與Eureka Server交互的地址查詢服務(wù)和注冊服務(wù)都需要依賴這個地址
defaultZone: http://${eureka.instance.hostname}:${server.port}/eureka/
4. 主啟動
創(chuàng)建EurekaMain7001作為啟動類:
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaServer
public class EurekaMain7001{
public static void main(String[] args){
SpringApplication.run(EurekaMain7001.class,args);
}
}
如果成功輸入localhost:7001后出現(xiàn)下面字樣:?
5.3 支付微服務(wù)8081入駐進(jìn)eurekaServer
在8081的Pom中引入:
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
</dependency>
在application.yml文件中增加如下代碼:
eureka:
client:
#表示是否將自己注冊進(jìn)Eurekaserver默認(rèn)為true
register-with-eureka: true
#是否從EurekaServer抓取已有的注冊信息默認(rèn)為true。單節(jié)點無所謂,集群必須設(shè)置為true才能配合ribbon使用負(fù)載均衡。
fetchRegistry: true
service-url:
defaultZone: http://localhost:7001/eureka
在啟動類添加注解:@EnableEurekaClient
如果成功,Instances區(qū)域會出現(xiàn)CLOUD-PAYMENT-SERVICE這一新的Instances:
5.4 訂單微服務(wù)81入駐進(jìn)eurekaServer
在Pom中加入如下代碼:
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
</dependency>
在YML中加入如下代碼:
eureka:
client:
register-with-eureka: true
fetchRegistry: true
service-url:
defaultZone: http://localhost:7001/eureka
?在啟動類中加入如下代碼:@EnableEurekaClient
如果成功出現(xiàn)如下2個:
register-with-eureka為false表示不讓入駐,為true表示讓入駐。
5.5 集群原理說明
Eureka Server:服務(wù)注冊,將服務(wù)信息注冊進(jìn)服務(wù)中心。服務(wù)發(fā)現(xiàn),從注冊中心上獲取服務(wù)信息。實質(zhì),存key服務(wù)名 取 value調(diào)用地址。
先啟動eureka注冊中心。啟動服務(wù)提供者payment支付服務(wù)。支付服務(wù)啟動后會把自身信息(如服務(wù)地址以別名方式注冊進(jìn)eureka)。消費(fèi)者order服務(wù)在需要調(diào)用接口時,使用服務(wù)別名去注冊中心獲取實際的RPC遠(yuǎn)程調(diào)用地址。消費(fèi)者或者調(diào)用地址后,底層實際是利用HttpClient技術(shù)實現(xiàn)遠(yuǎn)程調(diào)用。消費(fèi)者獲取服務(wù)地址后會緩存在本地jvm內(nèi)存中,默認(rèn)每隔30秒更新一次服務(wù)調(diào)用地址。
Eureka具有高可用特點,可搭建Eureka注冊中心集群,實現(xiàn)負(fù)載均衡+容錯故障。避免單點故障。互相注冊,相互守望。
5.6 集群環(huán)境構(gòu)建
建Module:cloud-eureka-server7002
Pom:直接復(fù)制7001
YML:建application.yml
主啟動類:EurekaMain7002,用7001的注解
修改配置:C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc路徑下的hosts文件。
修改7001的.yml,修改hostname和defaultZone:
server:
port: 7001
eureka:
instance:
hostname: eureka7001.com #eureka服務(wù)端實例名稱
client:
#false表示不向注冊中心注冊自己
register-with-eureka: false
#false表示自己端就是注冊中心,我的職責(zé)就是維護(hù)服務(wù)實例,不需要檢索服務(wù)
fetch-registry: false
service-url:
#設(shè)置與Eureka Server交互的地址查詢服務(wù)和注冊服務(wù)都需要依賴這個地址
defaultZone: http://eureka7002.com:7002/eureka/
修改7002的.yml文件:
server:
port: 7002
eureka:
instance:
hostname: eureka7002.com #eureka服務(wù)端實例名稱
client:
#false表示不向注冊中心注冊自己
register-with-eureka: false
#false表示自己端就是注冊中心,我的職責(zé)就是維護(hù)服務(wù)實例,不需要檢索服務(wù)
fetch-registry: false
service-url:
#設(shè)置與Eureka Server交互的地址查詢服務(wù)和注冊服務(wù)都需要依賴這個地址
defaultZone: http://eureka7001.com:7001/eureka/
輸入eureka7002.com:7002==127.0.0.1:7002和eureka7001.com:7001==127.0.0.1能見到eureka首頁:
輸入
locahost:7002能指向7001,locahost:7001能指向7002算是成功:
5.7 訂單支付兩微服務(wù)注冊進(jìn)Eureka集群
YML:在8081的eureka下添加:
defaultZone: http://eureka7001.com:7001/eureka,http://eureka7002.com:7002/eureka
?YML:在81的eureka下添加:
eureka:
client:
register-with-eureka: true
fetchRegistry: true
service-url:
defaultZone: http://eureka7001.com:7001/eureka,http://eureka7002.com:7002/eureka
啟動:
先要啟動EurekaServer,7001/7002服務(wù)?
再啟動服務(wù)提供者provider,8081
再啟動消費(fèi)者,81
輸入http://localhost:81/consumer/payment/get/31,如果查詢成功即可
測試:
eureka7001.com:7001可以看到81和8081注冊進(jìn)入
eureka7002.com:7002同樣也可以看到
5.8 支付微服務(wù)集群配置
建Module:創(chuàng)建cloud-provider-payment8082
改Pom:把8081粘貼入8082
寫YML:把8081的粘貼入8082,改一個端口號
主啟動:建PaymentMain8082把8081的啟動類復(fù)制過來,把resource下的mapper包粘貼到8082,把com包直接粘貼到8082。
改controller:修改8001和8002加入如下內(nèi)容:
@Value("${server.port}")
private String serverPort;
return new CommonResult(200,"插入數(shù)據(jù)庫成功,serverPort"+serverPort,result);
return new CommonResult(200,"查詢成功,serverPort"+serverPort,payment);
啟動順序:7001、7002、8081、8082、81
測試:eureka7001.com:7001,eureka7002.com:7002,localhost:81/consumer/payment/get/31
發(fā)現(xiàn)bug:訂單服務(wù)訪問地址是寫死的。
此時會報錯,因為IDEA不知道是這個地址下的哪臺服務(wù)器提供服務(wù)。
使用@LoadBalanced注解賦予RestTemplate負(fù)載均衡的能力,注解寫在config包的ApplicationContextConfig下:
此時訪問localhost:81/consumer/payment/get/31,端口號會在8081和8082之間來回切換:
5.9 actuator微服務(wù)信息完善
加上instance: instance-id和prefer-ip-address: true(訪問路徑顯示ip地址)
5.10 服務(wù)發(fā)現(xiàn)Discovery
在8081的controller的PaymentController類上修改:
@Slf4j
@RestController
public class PaymentController {
@Resource
private DiscoveryClient discoveryClient;
@GetMapping(value="/payment/discovery")
public Object discovery()
{
List<String> services = discoveryClient.getServices();
for(String element : services){
log.info("*****element: "+element);
}
List<ServiceInstance> instances = discoveryClient.getInstances("CLOUD-PAYMENT-SERVICE");
for(ServiceInstance instance : instances){
log.info(instance.getServiceId()+"\t"+instance.getHost()+"\t"+instance.getPort()+"\t"+instance.getUri());
}
return instances;
}
}
5. 11 Eureka自我保護(hù)理論知識
概括:某時刻某一個微服務(wù)不可用了,Eureka不會立刻清理,依舊會對該微服務(wù)的信息進(jìn)行保存。
為了防止EurekaClient可以正常運(yùn)行,但是與EurekaServer網(wǎng)絡(luò)不通情況下,EurekaServer不會立刻將EurekaClient服務(wù)器剔除。
5.12 禁止自我保護(hù)
在7001的yml文件中的eureka下,加下列代碼:
server:
#關(guān)閉自我保護(hù)機(jī)制,保證不可用服務(wù)被及時踢除
enable-self-preservation: false
eviction-interval-timer-in-ms: 2000
測試:先看8081是否存在,關(guān)閉8081,看卡是否立刻刪除。
Eureka停更說明
六、Zookeeper服務(wù)注冊與發(fā)現(xiàn)
6.1 Zookeeper的安裝
下載zookeeper-3.4.9,下面是安裝地址
https://archive.apache.org/dist/zookeeper/
在Linux虛擬機(jī)中,創(chuàng)建/opt/module目錄,把zookeeper的gz壓縮包放到該目錄下。
然后解壓該壓縮包到該目錄:
tar -zxvf zookeeper-3.4.10.tar.gz -C /opt/module/
然后修改配置:
將/opt/module/zookeeper-3.4.10/conf這個路徑下的zoo.sample.cfg修改為zoo.cfg:
mv zoo_sample.cfg zoo.cfg
在/opt/module/zookeeper-3.4.10目錄創(chuàng)建zkData文件夾:
mkdir zkData
打開zoo.cfg文件,修改dataDir路徑:
vim zoo.cfg
修改如下內(nèi)容:
dataDir=/opt/module/zookeeper-3.4.10/zkData
啟動Zookeeper服務(wù)
輸入:sudo /opt/module/zookeeper-3.4.9/bin/zkServer.sh start
進(jìn)入Zookeeper
輸入:sudo /opt/module/zookeeper-3.4.9/bin/zkCli.sh
退出Zookeeper?
輸入:quit
關(guān)閉Zookeeper服務(wù):
sudo /opt/module/zookeeper-3.4.9/bin/zkServer.sh stop
6.2 項目環(huán)境配置
在/opt/module/zookeeper-3.4.9/bin目錄下輸入:
sudo systemctl stop firewalld 關(guān)閉防火墻。
sudo systemctl status firewalld檢查防火墻是否關(guān)閉。
確保虛擬機(jī)能和windows ping通
建module:cloud-provider-payment8004
pom:
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
<scope>runtime</scope>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-zookeeper-discovery</artifactId>
</dependency>
YML:?
server:
port: 8004
#服務(wù)別名 — — — — 注冊zookeeper到注冊中心名稱
spring:
application:
name: cloud-provider-payment
cloud:
zookeeper:
connect-string: 192.168.182.157:2181
啟動類:
com.atguigu.springcloud.PaymentMain8004?
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
public class PaymentMain8004 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(PaymentMain8004.class,args);
}
}
服務(wù)類:
springcloud下建controller包,PaymentController
@RestController
@Slf4j
public class PaymentController {
@Value("${server.port}")
private String serverPort;
@RequestMapping(value="/payment/zk")
public String paymentzk(){
return "springcloud with zookeeper: "+serverPort+"\t"+ UUID.randomUUID().toString();
}
}
然后啟動Zookeeper服務(wù),進(jìn)入zookeeper
輸入:sudo /opt/module/zookeeper-3.4.9/bin/zkServer.sh start
輸入:sudo /opt/module/zookeeper-3.4.9/bin/zkCli.sh
輸入:get /zookeeper
版本沖突問題:
<dependency>
<!--添加zookeeper3.4.9版本-->
<groupId>org.apache.zookeeper</groupId>
<artifactId>zookeeper</artifactId>
<version>3.4.9</version>
<!--先排除自帶的zookeeper3.5.3-->
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<groupId>org.apache.zookeeper</groupId>
<artifactId>zookeeper</artifactId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
然后點擊啟動。
測試localhost:8004/payment/zk,如果每次刷新后面一串?dāng)?shù)字會變則成功:
把json串賦值到tool.lu/json看得到信息則成功:
6.3 臨時還是持久節(jié)點
用的是臨時的,關(guān)閉8004一段時間,zookeeper會踢掉。重新啟動,流水號會改變。
6.4 訂單服務(wù)注冊進(jìn)zookeeper
module:cloud-consumerzk-order81。
POM:復(fù)制8004,見上節(jié)。
YML:
server:
port: 81
#服務(wù)別名 — — — — 注冊zookeeper到注冊中心名稱
spring:
application:
name: cloud-consumer-order
cloud:
#注冊到zookeeper地址
zookeeper:
connect-string= 192.168.182.157:2181
啟動類:
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
public class OrderZKMain81 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(OrderZKMain81.class,args);
}
}
config:
@Configuration
public class ApplicationContextConfig {
@Bean
public RestTemplate getRestTemplate(){
return new RestTemplate();
}
}
controller:
@RestController
@Slf4j
public class OrderZKController {
public static final String INVOKE_URL="http://cloud-provider-payment";
@Resource
private RestTemplate restTemplate;
@GetMapping(value="/consumer/payment/zk")
public String paymentInfo(){
String result = restTemplate.getForObject(INVOKE_URL+"/payment/zk",String.class);
return result;
}
}
測試:
七、Consul服務(wù)注冊與發(fā)現(xiàn)
7.1 Consul簡介
7.2 安裝并運(yùn)行Consul
下載地址:
https://developer.hashicorp.com/consul/downloads
?
點擊地址欄,輸入cmd,輸入consul --version,再輸入consul agent -dev
輸入http://localhost:8500會進(jìn)入界面,看到勾勾:
7.3 服務(wù)提供者注冊進(jìn)Consul
module:cloud-providerconsul-payment8006
pom:
<dependency>
? ? ?<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
? ? ?<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-consul-discovery</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
<scope>runtime</scope>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
yml:
server:
port: 8006
spring:
application:
name: consul-provider-payment
#consul注冊中心地址
cloud:
consul:
host: localhost
port: 8500
discovery:
service-name: ${spring.application.name}
啟動類:
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
public class PaymentMain8006 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(PaymentMain8006.class,args);
}
}
業(yè)務(wù)類:復(fù)制8004,稍加修改
@RestController
@Slf4j
public class PaymentController {
@Value("${server.port}")
private String serverPort;
@RequestMapping(value="/payment/consul")
public String paymentzk(){
return "springcloud with consul: "+serverPort+"\t"+ UUID.randomUUID().toString();
}
}
測試類:啟動
7.4 服務(wù)消費(fèi)者注冊進(jìn)Consul
module: cloud-consumerconsul-order81
pom:
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-consul-discovery</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
<scope>runtime</scope>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
? ? <scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
yml:
server:
port: 81
spring:
application:
name: cloud-consumer-order
#consul注冊中心地址
cloud:
consul:
host: localhost
port: 8500
discovery:
service-name: ${spring.application.name}
主啟動類:
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient //該注解用于向使用consul或者zookeeper作為注冊中心時注冊服務(wù)
public class OrderConsulMain80 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(OrderConsulMain80.class,args);
}
}
配置Bean:
@Configuration
public class ApplicationContextConfig {
@Bean
@LoadBalanced
public RestTemplate getRestTemplate() {
return new RestTemplate();
}
}
Controller:
@RestController
@Slf4j
public class OrderConsulController {
public static final String INVOKE_URL = "http://consul-provider-payment";
@Resource
private RestTemplate restTemplate;
@GetMapping(value = "/consumer/payment/consul")
public String paymentInfo(){
String result = restTemplate.getForObject(INVOKE_URL+"/payment/consul",String.class);
return result;
}
}
驗證測試:啟動
訪問測試地址:
7.5 三個注冊中心異同點
CAP:
AP是Eureka,是保證一致性。
?不同網(wǎng)絡(luò)分區(qū)數(shù)據(jù)同步失敗,為了保證可用性,允許可以返回舊值,所以是違背了一致性要求。
CP是Zookeeper和Consul,是數(shù)據(jù)要一致,不一致就掛報錯。
八、Ribbon負(fù)載均衡服務(wù)調(diào)用
8.1 Ribbon入門介紹
先恢復(fù)環(huán)境EurekaMain7001,EurekaMain7002,PaymentMain8081,PaymentMain8083,OrderMain81。
輸入eureka7001.com:7001
基本介紹:
能做什么:
集中式:?
進(jìn)程內(nèi):?
8.2 Ribbon的負(fù)載均衡和Rest調(diào)用
此時刷新網(wǎng)頁發(fā)現(xiàn)已經(jīng)可以實現(xiàn)輪詢,卻并未引入Ribbon,實際的原因是Eureka中已經(jīng)自帶了Ribbon。
在cloud-consumer-order81的OrderController中加入如下代碼:
@GetMapping("/consumer/payment/getForEntity/{id}")
public CommonResult<Payment> getPayment2(@PathVariable("id") Long id)
{
ResponseEntity<CommonResult> entity = restTemplate.getForEntity(PAYMENT_URL + "/payment/get/" + id, CommonResult.class);
if(entity.getStatusCode().is2xxSuccessful()){
return entity.getBody();
}else{
return new CommonResult<>(444,"操作失敗");
}
}
輸入:localhost:81/consumer/payment/getForEntity/31
8.3 Ribbon默認(rèn)自帶的負(fù)載規(guī)則
8.4 Ribbon負(fù)載規(guī)則替換
ribbon替換規(guī)則要求不能把配置放在Main包上級一層的包以下,就是要在包外面自己創(chuàng)建一個。
在atguigu下面創(chuàng)建一個包叫作myrule。
在myrule下面創(chuàng)建MySelfRule類。
@Configuration
public class MySelfRule {
@Bean
public IRule myRule(){
return new RandomRule();
}
}
?在OrderMain81上添加@RibbonClient注解:
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient
@RibbonClient(name="CLOUD-PAYMENT-SERVICE",configuration= MySelfRule.class)
public class OrderMain81 {
public static void main(String[] args){
SpringApplication.run(OrderMain81.class,args);
}
}
?輸入:localhost:81/consumer/payment/getForEntity/31,此時的訪問是隨機(jī)的
8.5 Ribbon默認(rèn)負(fù)載輪詢算法原理
8.6 RoundRobinRule源碼分析
快捷鍵:alt+ctrl+b查看源碼
8.7 Ribbon之手寫輪詢算法
1.注釋掉cloud-consumer-order81配置類里的@LoadBalance
2.在springcloud下新建lb包,新建接口LoadBalancer
public interface LoadBalancer {
ServiceInstance instances(List<ServiceInstance> serviceInstances);
}
3.在lb包下實現(xiàn)類:MyLB
@Component
public class MyLB implements LoadBalancer{
private AtomicInteger atomicInteger = new AtomicInteger(0);
public final int getAndIncrement(){
int current;
int next;
do{
current = this.atomicInteger.get();
next = current >= 2147483647 ? 0:current+1;
}while(!this.atomicInteger.compareAndSet(current,next));
System.out.println("*****第幾次訪問,次數(shù)next:"+next);
return next;
}
@Override
public ServiceInstance instances(List<ServiceInstance> serviceInstances){
int index = getAndIncrement() % serviceInstances.size();
return serviceInstances.get(index);
}
}
在controlle包下的OrderControlle寫入如下代碼:
@GetMapping(value="/consumer/payment/lb")
public String getPaymentLB(){
List<ServiceInstance> instances = discoveryClient.getInstances("CLOUD-PAYMENT-SERVICE");
if(instances == null || instances.size() <= 0){
return null;
}
ServiceInstance serviceInstance = loadBalancer.instances(instances);
URI uri = serviceInstance.getUri();
System.out.println(uri);
System.out.println(uri+"/payment/lb");
return restTemplate.getForObject(uri+"/payment/lb",String.class);
}
@Resource
private LoadBalancer loadBalancer;
@Resource
private DiscoveryClient discoveryClient;
在8081和8083的PaymentController中寫入如下代碼:
@GetMapping(value="/payment/lb")
public String getPaymentLB(){
return serverPort;
}
輸入地址:localhost:81/consumer/payment/lb,效果是8081和8083交替出現(xiàn)
九、OpenFeign服務(wù)接口調(diào)用
9.1 OpenFeig是什么??
9.2 OpenFeign服務(wù)調(diào)用?
接口+注解:微服務(wù)調(diào)用接口(提供方和調(diào)用方相吻合的接口)+@FeignClient
module:cloud-consumer-feign-order81
pom:
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.atguigu.springcloud</groupId>
<artifactId>cloud-api-common</artifactId>
<version>${project.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
<scope>runtime</scope>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
yml:
server:
port: 81
eureka:
client:
register-with-eureka: false
service-url:
defaultZone: http://eureka7001.com:7001/eureka/,http://eureka7002.com:7002/eureka/
主啟動:
com.atguigu.springcloud.OrderFeignMain81添加@EnableFeignClients
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableFeignClients
public class OrderFeignMain81 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(OrderFeignMain81.class,args);
}
}
業(yè)務(wù)類:
在springcloud下添加service包,然后添加PaymentFeignService接口。
@Configuration
@FeignClient(value="CLOUD-PAYMENT-SERVICE")
public interface PaymentFeignService {
@GetMapping(value="/payment/get/{id}")
public CommonResult<Payment> getPaymentById(@PathVariable("id") Long id);
}
controller下創(chuàng)建OrerFeignController
@RestController
@Slf4j
public class OrderFeignController {
@Resource
private PaymentFeignService paymentFeignService;
@GetMapping(value="/consumer/payment/get/{id}")
public CommonResult<Payment> getPaymentById(@PathVariable("id") Long id){
return paymentFeignService.getPaymentById(id);
}
}
測試:localhost:81/consumer/payment/get/31,出現(xiàn)8081和8083交替結(jié)果。
總結(jié):Feign是一個聲明式的Web服務(wù)客戶端,它使得編寫HTTP客戶端變得更簡單。我們只需要創(chuàng)建一個接口并在接口上添加注解,F(xiàn)eign就會自動提供實現(xiàn),無需手動創(chuàng)建URL、發(fā)送HTTP請求、處理HTTP響應(yīng)等。
該客戶端會將請求發(fā)送到名為CLOUD-PAYMENT-SERVICE的服務(wù)。
9.3 OpenFeign超時控制
在8081的controller下的PaymentController添加如下代碼:
@GetMapping(value="/payment/feign/timeout")
public String paymentFeignTimeout(){
try{
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(3);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return serverPort;
}
在81的service包下的PaymentFeignService接口下添加如下代碼:
@GetMapping(value="/payment/feign/timeout")
public String paymentFeignTimeout();
在81的controller包下
@GetMapping(value="/consumer/payment/feign/timeout")
public String paymentFeignTimeout(){
//客戶端默認(rèn)等1秒
return paymentFeignService.paymentFeignTimeout();
}
測試:
啟動7001,8001
localhost:8081/payment/feign/timeout,正常訪問耗時秒
localhost:81/consumer/payment/feign/timeout時間超時
解決:
server:
port: 81
eureka:
client:
register-with-eureka: false
service-url:
defaultZone: http://eureka7001.com:7001/eureka/,http://eureka7002.com:7002/eureka/
#設(shè)置feign客戶端超時時間(OpenFeign默認(rèn)支持ribbon)
ribbon:
#指的是建立連接所用的時間,適用于網(wǎng)絡(luò)狀況正常的情況下,兩段連接所用的時間
ReadTimeout: 5000
#指的是建立連接后從服務(wù)器讀取到可用資源所用的時間
ConnectTimeout: 5000
再測試成功。
9.4 OpenFeign日志增強(qiáng)
在cloud-consumer-feign-order80下的springcloud下創(chuàng)建config,配置日志bean:
@Configuration
public class FeignConfig {
@Bean
Logger.Level feignLoggerlevel()
{
return Logger.Level.FULL;
}
}
?在YML文件中添加如下代碼:
logging:
level:
com.atguigu.springcloud.service.PaymentFeignService: debug
測試:啟動Openfeign81。localhost/consumer/payment/get/31。
在控制臺看調(diào)用結(jié)果:文章來源:http://www.zghlxwxcb.cn/news/detail-718891.html
文章來源地址http://www.zghlxwxcb.cn/news/detail-718891.html
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