Spring-amqp是對AMQP的一些概念的一些抽象，Spring-rabbit是對RabbitMQ操作的封裝實(shí)現(xiàn)。

主要有幾個(gè)核心類RabbitAdmin、RabbitTemplate、SimpleMessageListenerContainer等

RabbitAdmin類完成對Exchange、Queue、Binding的操作，在容器中管理 了RabbitAdmin類的時(shí)候，可以對Exchange、Queue、Binding進(jìn)行自動聲明。

RabbitTemplate類是發(fā)送和接收消息的工具類。

SimpleMessageListenerContainer是消費(fèi)消息的容器。

目前一些比較新的項(xiàng)目會使用基于注解的方式，而比較老的一些項(xiàng)目可能還是基于配制文件的方式。

此處使用的Spring依賴為:

            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.amqp</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-rabbit</artifactId>
                <version>2.2.7.RELEASE</version>
            </dependency>

消息的生產(chǎn)者

import org.springframework.amqp.core.Message;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.MessageBuilder;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.MessageProperties;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.MessagePropertiesBuilder;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
import org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

public class Product {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        AbstractApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring-rabbit.xml");


        RabbitTemplate template = context.getBean(RabbitTemplate.class);


        MessagePropertiesBuilder propertiesBuilder = MessagePropertiesBuilder.newInstance();
        propertiesBuilder.setContentEncoding("gbk");
        propertiesBuilder.setContentType(MessageProperties.CONTENT_TYPE_TEXT_PLAIN);


        Message msg = MessageBuilder.withBody("hello world".getBytes("gbk"))
                .andProperties(propertiesBuilder.build()).build();

        template.convertAndSend("ex.direct", "routing.q1", msg);


        context.close();
    }
}

spring-rabbit.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:rabbit="http://www.springframework.org/schema/rabbit"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/rabbit
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/rabbit/spring-rabbit.xsd">

    <!--配制連接工廠-->
    <rabbit:connection-factory id="connectFactory"
                               host="node1" virtual-host="/"
                               username="root" password="123456"
                               port="5672"
    ></rabbit:connection-factory>


    <!--用于自動向RabbitMQ聲明隊(duì)列、交換器、綁定 等操作工具類-->
    <rabbit:admin id="rabbitAdmin" connection-factory="connectFactory"></rabbit:admin>


    <!--用于簡化操作的模板類-->
    <rabbit:template connection-factory="connectFactory" id="rabbitTemplate" />


    <!--聲明隊(duì)列隊(duì)列-->
    <rabbit:queue id="msg1" name="queue.msg" durable="false" exclusive="false" auto-delete="false" ></rabbit:queue>

    <!--聲明交換器-->
    <rabbit:direct-exchange name="ex.direct" durable="false" auto-delete="false" id="directExchange" >
        <rabbit:bindings>
            <!--key表示綁定鍵-->
            <!--queue表示將交換器綁定到哪個(gè)消息隊(duì)列,使用隊(duì)列換id，不要使用Bean的name-->
            <!--exchange表示交接交換器綁定到哪個(gè)交換器。-->
            <rabbit:binding queue="msg1" key="routing.q1" ></rabbit:binding>
        </rabbit:bindings>
    </rabbit:direct-exchange>


</beans>

運(yùn)行生產(chǎn)者的代碼，便可查看數(shù)據(jù)已經(jīng)發(fā)送成功

[root@nullnull-os ~]# rabbitmqctl list_exchanges --formatter pretty_table
Listing exchanges for vhost / ...
┌────────────────────┬─────────┐
│ name               │ type    │
├────────────────────┼─────────┤
│ amq.fanout         │ fanout  │
├────────────────────┼─────────┤
│ ex.busi.topic      │ topic   │
├────────────────────┼─────────┤
│ amq.rabbitmq.trace │ topic   │
├────────────────────┼─────────┤
│ amq.headers        │ headers │
├────────────────────┼─────────┤
│ amq.topic          │ topic   │
├────────────────────┼─────────┤
│ amq.direct         │ direct  │
├────────────────────┼─────────┤
│ ex.direct          │ direct  │
├────────────────────┼─────────┤
│                    │ direct  │
├────────────────────┼─────────┤
│ ex.routing         │ direct  │
├────────────────────┼─────────┤
│ amq.match          │ headers │
└────────────────────┴─────────┘
[root@nullnull-os ~]# rabbitmqctl list_bindings --formatter pretty_table
Listing bindings for vhost /...
┌─────────────┬─────────────┬──────────────────┬──────────────────┬─────────────┬───────────┐
│ source_name │ source_kind │ destination_name │ destination_kind │ routing_key │ arguments │
├─────────────┼─────────────┼──────────────────┼──────────────────┼─────────────┼───────────┤
│             │ exchange    │ queue.msg        │ queue            │ queue.msg   │           │
├─────────────┼─────────────┼──────────────────┼──────────────────┼─────────────┼───────────┤
│ ex.direct   │ exchange    │ queue.msg        │ queue            │ routing.q1  │           │
└─────────────┴─────────────┴──────────────────┴──────────────────┴─────────────┴───────────┘
[root@nullnull-os ~]# rabbitmqctl list_queues --formatter pretty_table
Timeout: 60.0 seconds ...
Listing queues for vhost / ...
┌───────────┬──────────┐
│ name      │ messages │
├───────────┼──────────┤
│ queue.msg │ 1        │
└───────────┴──────────┘
[root@nullnull-os ~]# 

可以觀察到數(shù)據(jù)已經(jīng)成功的發(fā)送了。

遇到的問題：

Exception in thread "main" org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.config.BindingFactoryBean#0': Cannot resolve reference to bean 'queue.msg' while setting bean property 'destinationQueue'; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No bean named 'queue.msg' available
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.BeanDefinitionValueResolver.resolveReference(BeanDefinitionValueResolver.java:342)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.BeanDefinitionValueResolver.resolveValueIfNecessary(BeanDefinitionValueResolver.java:113)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.applyPropertyValues(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1699)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.populateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1444)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:594)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:517)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.lambda$doGetBean$0(AbstractBeanFactory.java:323)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:226)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:321)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:202)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:876)
	at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.finishBeanFactoryInitialization(AbstractApplicationContext.java:878)
	at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:550)
	at org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext.<init>(ClassPathXmlApplicationContext.java:144)
	at org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext.<init>(ClassPathXmlApplicationContext.java:85)
	at com.nullnull.learn.Product.main(Product.java:18)
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No bean named 'queue.msg' available
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.getBeanDefinition(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:814)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getMergedLocalBeanDefinition(AbstractBeanFactory.java:1282)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:297)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:202)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.BeanDefinitionValueResolver.resolveReference(BeanDefinitionValueResolver.java:330)
	... 15 more

問題原因：

    <rabbit:direct-exchange name="ex.direct" durable="false" auto-delete="false" id="directExchange" >
        <rabbit:bindings>
            <rabbit:binding queue="queue.msg" key="routing.q1" ></rabbit:binding>
        </rabbit:bindings>
    </rabbit:direct-exchange>

此處要配制的是隊(duì)列的id，而不是隊(duì)列的名稱。

修改后:文章來源地址http://www.zghlxwxcb.cn/news/detail-697195.html

 <!--聲明交換器-->
    <rabbit:direct-exchange name="ex.direct" durable="false" auto-delete="false" id="directExchange" >
        <rabbit:bindings>
            <!--key表示綁定鍵-->
            <!--queue表示將交換器綁定到哪個(gè)消息隊(duì)列,使用隊(duì)列換id，不要使用Bean的name-->
            <!--exchange表示交接交換器綁定到哪個(gè)交換器。-->
            <rabbit:binding queue="msg1" key="routing.q1" ></rabbit:binding>
        </rabbit:bindings>
    </rabbit:direct-exchange>

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