CentOS 8 安裝 oracle 23c CentOS9 Error deal

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1.環(huán)境準備

軟件準備
序號軟件下載地址
1 VirtualBox

https://www.virtualbox.org/wiki/Downloads

2 CentOS Stream 8

https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos/8-stream/isos/x86_64/CentOS-Stream-8-x86_64-latest-dvd1.iso

3 oracle-database-free-23c

# cd ~/Downloads

wget https://download.oracle.com/otn-pub/otn_software/db-free/oracle-database-free-23c-1.0-1.el8.x86_64.rpm

4 oracle-database-preinstall-23c

wget https://yum.oracle.com/repo/OracleLinux/OL8/developer/x86_64/getPackage/oracle-database-preinstall-23c-1.0-0.5.el8.x86_64.rpm

5 rlwrap

wget https://github.com/hanslub42/rlwrap/releases/download/0.46.1/rlwrap-0.46.1.tar.gz

2.安裝操作系統(tǒng)

操作系統(tǒng)使用virtualbox虛擬機安裝的centos8服務(wù)器，該步驟省略，教程很多的。

該環(huán)境是有網(wǎng)的，所以不設(shè)置yum源，如果是沒網(wǎng)的內(nèi)網(wǎng)環(huán)境，自行掛載鏡像包作為yum源。

服務(wù)器使用的是ubuntu 22.04 上 Oracle VM VirtualBox 虛擬機安裝的 CentOS 8 ，基于windows和基于linux安裝虛擬機沒有影響。

服務(wù)器的規(guī)格是： 2C4G

CentOS 8 采用最小化安裝

修改主機名和配置hosts
是要設(shè)置的主機名: centos8

是主機的 IP: 10.0.2.15

設(shè)置主機名

hostnamectl set-hostname centos8 # 設(shè)置
hostname # 查看
1
2
關(guān)閉防火墻與Selinux
防火墻和selinux按照需求關(guān)閉，我這是測試環(huán)境，索性關(guān)閉

關(guān)閉 selinux

sed -i "s/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/g" /etc/selinux/config
setenforce 0

輸入 getenforce 返回 Permissive 則是臨時關(guān)閉狀態(tài)，

重啟后是 Disabled ，完全關(guān)閉狀態(tài)。

getenforce
sestatus

關(guān)閉防火墻

systemctl stop firewalld.service
systemctl disable firewalld.service

查看是否關(guān)閉

systemctl status firewalld.service

3.安裝數(shù)據(jù)庫

下面的安裝步驟是在 root 下執(zhí)行的

執(zhí)行預(yù)安裝

dnf -y install oracle-database-preinstall-23c-1.0-0.5.el8.x86_64.rpm

安裝的依賴具體內(nèi)容如下：

bc
bind-libs
bind-libs-lite
bind-license
bind-utils
binutils
checkpolicy
compat-openssl10
fstrm
glibc-devel
glibc-headers
gssproxy
kernel-headers
keyutils
ksh
libICE
libSM
libX11
libX11-common
libX11-xcb
libXau
libXcomposite
libXext
libXi
libXinerama
libXmu
libXrandr
libXrender
libXt
libXtst
libXv
libXxf86dga
libXxf86misc
libXxf86vm
libdmx
libev
libmaxminddb
libnsl
libpkgconf
libverto-libev
libxcb
libxcrypt-devel
lm_sensors-libs
make
net-tools
nfs-utils
pkgconf
pkgconf-m4
pkgconf-pkg-config
policycoreutils-python-utils
protobuf-c
python3-audit
python3-bind
python3-libsemanage
python3-ply
python3-policycoreutils
python3-pyyaml
python3-setools
quota
quota-nls
rpcbind
smartmontools
sysstat
tar
unzip
xorg-x11-utils
xorg-x11-xauth
Installing
geolite2-city
geolite2-country

可以在 /var/log/oracle-database-preinstall-23c 目錄下查看相關(guān)日志

安裝Oracle 23c
使用安裝命令：

dnf -y install oracle-database-free-23c-1.0-1.el8.x86_64.rpm

創(chuàng)建和配置Oracle數(shù)據(jù)庫服務(wù)實例
運行腳本：

/etc/init.d/oracle-free-23c configure

輸出：

[root@centos8 ~]# /etc/init.d/oracle-free-23c configure
Specify a password to be used for database accounts. Oracle recommends that the password entered should be at least 8 characters in length, contain at least 1 uppercase character, 1 lower case character and 1 digit [0-9]. Note that the same password will be used for SYS, SYSTEM and PDBADMIN accounts:
Confirm the password:

Passwords do not match.  Enter the password:
Confirm the password:
Configuring Oracle Listener.
Listener configuration succeeded.
Configuring Oracle Database FREE.
Enter SYS user password:
**********
Enter SYSTEM user password:
**********
Enter PDBADMIN User Password:
************
Prepare for db operation
7% complete
Copying database files
29% complete
Creating and starting Oracle instance
30% complete
33% complete
36% complete
39% complete
43% complete
Completing Database Creation
47% complete
49% complete
50% complete
Creating Pluggable Databases
54% complete
71% complete
Executing Post Configuration Actions
93% complete
Running Custom Scripts
100% complete
Database creation complete. For details check the logfiles at:
 /opt/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/FREE.
Database Information:
Global Database Name:FREE
System Identifier(SID):FREE
Look at the log file "/opt/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/FREE/FREE.log" for further details.

Connect to Oracle Database using one of the connect strings:
     Pluggable database: centos8/FREEPDB1
     Multitenant container database: centos8

4.設(shè)置oracle用戶的環(huán)境配置

切換用戶然后編輯 ~/.bash_profile

su - oracle
vi ~/.bash_profile

# oracle settings
export ORACLE_SID=FREE
export ORAENV_ASK=NO
export ORACLE_HOME=/opt/oracle/product/23c/dbhomeFree
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH

刷新環(huán)境變量

source ~/.bash_profile

5.簡單使用

啟動數(shù)據(jù)庫
1、啟動監(jiān)聽

lsnrctl start

查看監(jiān)聽狀態(tài)：

$ lsnrctl status

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 23.0.0.0.0 - Developer-Release on 09-MAY-2023 10:02:25

Copyright (c) 1991, 2023, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=10.0.2.15)(PORT=1521)))

STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias                     LISTENER
Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 23.0.0.0.0 - Developer-Release
Start Date                09-MAY-2023 00:27:46
Uptime                    0 days 9 hr. 34 min. 39 sec
Trace Level               off
Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP                      OFF
Default Service           FREE
Listener Parameter File   /opt/oracle/product/23c/dbhomeFree/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File         /opt/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/centos8/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=10.0.2.15)(PORT=1521)))
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
Services Summary...
Service "FREE" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "FREE", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "FREEXDB" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "FREE", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "faf3c4adb9132c47e0550a0027434e0c" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "FREE", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "freepdb1" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "FREE", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully

2、啟動數(shù)據(jù)庫

使用sqlplus連接數(shù)據(jù)庫后輸入startup

$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 23.0.0.0.0 - Developer-Release on Tue May 9 10:06:07
2023 Version 23.2.0.0.0

Copyright ? 1982, 2023, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Connected to: Oracle Database 23c Free, Release 23.0.0.0.0 -
Developer-Release Version 23.2.0.0.0

SQL> startup;

查詢數(shù)據(jù)庫信息
查看數(shù)據(jù)庫版本信息：

SQL> SELECT BANNER_FULL FROM v$version;

BANNER_FULL
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Oracle Database 23c Free, Release 23.0.0.0.0 - Developer-Release
Version 23.2.0.0.0

查詢數(shù)據(jù)庫和實例以及容器數(shù)據(jù)庫信息

SQL> SELECT name, db_unique_name, log_mode, flashback_on, cdb FROM v$database;

> NAME      DB_UNIQUE_NAME                 LOG_MODE     FLASHBACK_ON    
> CDB
> --------- ------------------------------ ------------ ------------------ --- FREE      FREE                           NOARCHIVELOG NO                 YES
> 
> SQL> SELECT instance_name, version, status, database_status FROM
> v$instance;
> 
> INSTANCE_NAME    VERSION           STATUS       DATABASE_STATUS
> ---------------- ----------------- ------------ ----------------- FREE             23.0.0.0.0        OPEN         ACTIVE

查看sga信息

SQL> SELECT * FROM v$sgainfo;

NAME                                  BYTES RES     CON_ID
-------------------------------- ---------- --- ----------
Fixed SGA Size                     10042432 No           0
Redo Buffers                        4530176 No           0
Buffer Cache Size                 436207616 Yes          0
In-Memory Area Size                       0 No           0
Shared Pool Size                  671088640 Yes          0
Large Pool Size                    16777216 Yes          0
Java Pool Size                            0 Yes          0
Streams Pool Size                         0 Yes          0
Shared IO Pool Size                67108864 Yes          0
Data Transfer Cache Size                  0 Yes          0
Granule Size                       16777216 No           0

NAME                                  BYTES RES     CON_ID
-------------------------------- ---------- --- ----------
Maximum SGA Size                 1155423296 No           0
Startup overhead in Shared Pool   235549832 No           0
Free SGA Memory Available          16777216              0

14 rows selected.

創(chuàng)建測試用戶和表
1、查看當前連接

SQL> show con_name

CON_NAME
------------------------------
CDB$ROOT

2、查看有哪些可拔插數(shù)據(jù)庫

SQL> show pdbs

CON_ID CON_NAME                       OPEN MODE  RESTRICTED

     2 PDB$SEED                       READ ONLY  NO
     3 FREEPDB1                       READ WRITE NO

3、進入可拔插數(shù)據(jù)庫

SQL> alter session set container=FREEPDB1;

Session altered.

SQL> show con_name

CON_NAME
------------------------------ FREEPDB1

4、查看插拔數(shù)據(jù)庫中有哪些表空間及其數(shù)據(jù)文件

SELECT TABLESPACE_NAME, FILE_NAME, BYTES/1024/1024 MB FROM DBA_DATA_FILES;

5、創(chuàng)建測試用戶

SQL> create user testuser identified by 123456 default tablespace users;

User created.

SQL> GRANT connect, resource, unlimited tablespace to testuser;

Grant succeeded.

SQL>

6、使用新建的測試用戶連接可拔插數(shù)據(jù)庫

$ sqlplus testuser/123456@10.0.2.15:1521/FREEPDB1

SQL*Plus: Release 23.0.0.0.0 - Developer-Release on Tue May 9 11:20:07
2023 Version 23.2.0.0.0

Copyright ? 1982, 2023, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Connected to: Oracle Database 23c Free, Release 23.0.0.0.0 -
Developer-Release Version 23.2.0.0.0

SQL>

7、創(chuàng)建測試表

SQL> CREATE TABLE personnel (id NUMBER(2) CONSTRAINT PK_EMP PRIMARY KEY, name VARCHAR2(20), age NUMBER(2));

Table created.

8、增刪改查數(shù)據(jù)

SQL> INSERT INTO personnel(id, name, age) VALUES(1, 'test1', 18);

1 row created.

SQL> INSERT INTO personnel(id, name, age) VALUES(2, 'test2', 19);

1 row created.

SQL> INSERT INTO personnel(id, name, age) VALUES(3, 'test3', 20);

1 row created.

SQL> INSERT INTO personnel(id, name, age) VALUES(4, 'test4', 21);

1 row created.

SQL> SELECT * FROM personnel;

    ID NAME                        AGE

     1 test1                        18
     2 test2                        19
     3 test3                        20
     4 test4                        21

SQL> DELETE FROM personnel WHERE id = 2;

1 row deleted.

SQL> SELECT * FROM personnel;

    ID NAME                        AGE

     1 test1                        18
     3 test3                        20
     4 test4                        21

SQL> UPDATE personnel SET name = 'testname' WHERE id = 3;

1 row updated.

SQL> SELECT * FROM personnel;

    ID NAME                        AGE

     1 test1                        18
     3 testname                     20
     4 test4                        21

SQL> truncate table personnel;

Table truncated.

SQL> SELECT * FROM personnel;

no rows selected

9、刪除表

SQL> drop table personnel;

Table dropped.

10、刪除用戶

刪除用戶時，該用戶必須沒有連接，且用dba用戶在創(chuàng)建用戶的可拔插數(shù)據(jù)庫下刪除。

SQL>  drop user testuser;

User dropped.

停止數(shù)據(jù)庫
sqlplus連接數(shù)據(jù)庫并停止

SQL> shutdown

Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.

sqlplus優(yōu)化

使用歷史命令
在使用默認sqlplus時，使用方向鍵上下左右時會報亂碼?？墒褂胷eadline和rlwrap解決。

下載安裝readline

dnf -y install readline readline-devel

下載安裝rlwrap

wget https://github.com/hanslub42/rlwrap/releases/download/0.46.1/rlwrap-0.46.1.tar.gz
tar -zxvf rlwrap-0.46.1.tar.gz
cd rlwrap-0.46.1
./configure
make
make install

若缺少gcc、make之類的依賴自己安裝一下即可。

使用：

rlwrap sqlplus / as sysdba

如果嫌棄這樣麻煩，可以使用 alias 做重命名一下。把 alias 添加到.bash_profile 文件中。

su - oracle
echo "alias sqlplus='rlwrap sqlplus'" >> .bash_profile
source .bash_profile

設(shè)置行列寬度
pagesize 默認是14，linesize 默認是80 。為了美觀，我們一般根據(jù)自己的屏幕分辨率來設(shè)置。

SQL> show pagesize;
pagesize 14
SQL> show linesize;
linesize 80
SQL> set pagesize 40;
SQL> set linesize 200;
SQL> show pagesize;
pagesize 40
SQL> show linesize;
linesize 200

卸載基于RPM安裝的Oracle數(shù)據(jù)庫

1、以安裝所有者登錄

su - oracle

2、刪除關(guān)聯(lián)庫

cd $ORACLE_HOME/bin 
./dbca

3、刪除關(guān)聯(lián)偵聽器

cd $ORACLE_HOME/bin 
./netca

4、切換到 root，然后刪除數(shù)據(jù)庫文章來源地址http://www.zghlxwxcb.cn/news/detail-650654.html

dnf -y remove oracle-database-free-23c
dnf -y remove oracle-database-preinstall-23c

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