目錄
一、數(shù)據(jù)庫設(shè)計
1.1、數(shù)據(jù)庫選擇
1.2、環(huán)境配置
1.3、建庫建表接口實(shí)現(xiàn)
1.4、封裝數(shù)據(jù)庫操作
1.5、針對 DataBaseManager 進(jìn)行單元測試
1.6、心得
一、數(shù)據(jù)庫設(shè)計
1.1、數(shù)據(jù)庫選擇
MySQL 是我們最熟悉的數(shù)據(jù)庫,但是這里我們選擇使用 SQLite,原因如下:
- SQLite 比 MySQL 更輕量:一個完整的 SQLite 數(shù)據(jù)庫,只有一個單獨(dú)的可執(zhí)行文件(不到 1M).
- SQLite 操作簡便:SQLite 只是一個本地數(shù)據(jù)庫,相當(dāng)于是直接操作本地的硬盤.
- SQLite 應(yīng)用也非常廣泛:在一些性能不高的設(shè)備上,SQLite 是數(shù)據(jù)庫的首選,尤其是移動端和嵌入式設(shè)備(Android 系統(tǒng)就是內(nèi)置的 SQLite).
1.2、環(huán)境配置
在 java?中直接使用 maven 把 SQLite 依賴引入即可(版本自行考慮)~
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.xerial/sqlite-jdbc -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.xerial</groupId>
<artifactId>sqlite-jdbc</artifactId>
<version>3.41.2.1</version>
</dependency>
配置如下
spring:
datasource:
url: jdbc:sqlite:./data/meta.db
username:
password:
driver-class-name: org.sqlite.JDBC
url:SQLite 的工作路徑,用來存儲數(shù)據(jù)在某個指定的文件中.
username & password:對于 SQLite 來說,不需要使用 用戶名密碼.? MySQL 是一個客戶端服務(wù)器結(jié)構(gòu)的程序,而 SQLite 則不是客戶端服務(wù)器結(jié)構(gòu)的程序,只有本地主機(jī)能訪問.
Ps:SQLite 雖然和 MySQL 不太一樣,但是都可以通過 MyBatis 這樣的框架來使用.
1.3、建庫建表接口實(shí)現(xiàn)
存儲的數(shù)據(jù)就是:交換機(jī)、隊(duì)列、綁定.
這里我們使用 MyBatis 來完成相關(guān)的 CRUD.
mapper 接口中提供三個建庫建表操作和針對這三個庫表進(jìn)行 CRUD 的操作.
@Mapper
public interface MetaMapper {
//三個核心建表方法
void createExchangeTable();
void createQueueTable();
void createBindingTable();
//基于上述三個表,進(jìn)行 插入、刪除、查詢 操作
void insertExchange(Exchange exchange);
List<Exchange> selectAllExchange();
void deleteExchange(String exchangeName);
void insertQueue(MSGQueue queue);
List<MSGQueue> selectAllQueue();
void deleteQueue(String queueName);
void insertBinding(Binding binding);
List<Binding> selectAllBinding();
void deleteBinding(Binding binding);
}
對應(yīng)的實(shí)現(xiàn)如下:
<update id="createExchangeTable">
create table if not exists exchange (
name varchar(50) primary key,
type int,
durable boolean,
autoDelete boolean,
arguments varchar(1024)
);
</update>
<update id="createQueueTable">
create table if not exists queue (
name varchar(50) primary key,
durable boolean,
exclusive boolean,
autoDelete boolean,
arguments varchar(1024)
);
</update>
<update id="createBindingTable">
create table if not exists binding (
exchangeName varchar(50),
queueName varchar(50),
bindingKey varchar(256)
)
</update>
<insert id="insertExchange" parameterType="com.example.rabbitmqproject.mqserver.core.Exchange">
insert into exchange values (#{name}, #{type}, #{durable}, #{autoDelete}, #{arguments});
</insert>
<select id="selectAllExchange" resultType="com.example.rabbitmqproject.mqserver.core.Exchange">
select * from exchange;
</select>
<delete id="deleteExchange" parameterType="com.example.rabbitmqproject.mqserver.core.Exchange">
delete from exchange where name = #{name};
</delete>
<insert id="insertQueue" parameterType="com.example.rabbitmqproject.mqserver.core.MSGQueue">
insert into queue values(#{name}, #{durable}, #{exclusive}, #{autoDelete}, #{arguments});
</insert>
<select id="selectAllQueue" resultType="com.example.rabbitmqproject.mqserver.core.MSGQueue">
select * from queue;
</select>
<delete id="deleteQueue">
delete from queue where name = #{name};
</delete>
<insert id="insertBinding">
insert into binding values (#{exchangeName}, #{queueName}, #{bindingKey});
</insert>
<select id="selectAllBinding" resultType="com.example.rabbitmqproject.mqserver.core.Binding">
select * from binding;
</select>
<delete id="deleteBinding">
delete from binding where exchangeName = #{exchangeName} and queueName = #{queueName};
</delete>
1.4、封裝數(shù)據(jù)庫操作
這里我們通過定制化 代碼 的方式來自動完成建庫建表的操作(符合?RabbitMQ 中間件的設(shè)定).
創(chuàng)建 DataBaseManager 類,來完成數(shù)據(jù)庫相關(guān)的操作,注意細(xì)節(jié)如下:
- 初始化方法:一般談到初始化,都會用到 構(gòu)造方法,但是這里我們使用一個 普通的方法 —— init();構(gòu)造方法一般是用來初始化類的屬性,不會涉及到太多的業(yè)務(wù)邏輯,而此處的初始化,帶有業(yè)務(wù)邏輯,還是單獨(dú)領(lǐng)出來,手動來調(diào)用比較合適.
-
建庫建表邏輯:這里期望,broker server 啟動的時候做出如下邏輯判斷:
- 如果數(shù)據(jù)庫已經(jīng)存在(表存在),不做任何操作.
- 如果數(shù)據(jù)庫不存在,則建庫建表,構(gòu)造默認(rèn)數(shù)據(jù).
Ps:怎么判定數(shù)據(jù)庫存在或者不存在?就判定 meta.db 文件是否存在即可(配置文件中的 url).
public class DataBaseManager {
//這里不使用 Autowired 注解獲取,因?yàn)楫?dāng)前這個類需要我們后面手動管理
private MetaMapper metaMapper;
//針對數(shù)據(jù)庫進(jìn)行初始化
public void init() {
//手動獲取到 MetaMapper
metaMapper = RabbitmqProjectApplication.context.getBean(MetaMapper.class);
if(!checkDBExists()) {
//數(shù)據(jù)庫不存在,就進(jìn)行建庫建表操作
//先創(chuàng)建出目錄結(jié)構(gòu)(否則會報錯:找不到目錄結(jié)構(gòu))
File dataDir = new File("./data");
dataDir.mkdirs();
//創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)庫
createTable();
//插入默認(rèn)數(shù)據(jù)
createDefaultData();
System.out.println("[DataBaseManager] 數(shù)據(jù)庫初始化完成!");
} else {
//數(shù)據(jù)庫存在,什么都不做即可
System.out.println("[DataBaseManager] 數(shù)據(jù)庫已存在!");
}
}
private boolean checkDBExists() {
File file = new File("./data/meta.db");
return file.exists();
}
private void createTable() {
metaMapper.createExchangeTable();
metaMapper.createQueueTable();
metaMapper.createBindingTable();
System.out.println("[DataBaseManager] 創(chuàng)建表完成!");
}
/**
* 添加默認(rèn)交換機(jī)
* RabbitMQ 有一個這樣的設(shè)定:帶有一個 匿名 的交換機(jī),類型是 Direct
*/
private void createDefaultData() {
Exchange exchange = new Exchange();
exchange.setName("");
exchange.setType(ExchangeType.DIRECT);
exchange.setDurable(true);
exchange.setAutoDelete(false);
metaMapper.insertExchange(exchange);
System.out.println("[DataBaseManager] 創(chuàng)建初始數(shù)據(jù)完成!");
}
//把數(shù)據(jù)庫中其他操作也在這里封裝一下
public void insertExchange(Exchange exchange) {
metaMapper.insertExchange(exchange);
}
public List<Exchange> selectAllExchange() {
return metaMapper.selectAllExchange();
}
public void deleteExchange(String exchangeName) {
metaMapper.deleteExchange(exchangeName);
}
public void insertQueue(MSGQueue queue) {
metaMapper.insertQueue(queue);
}
public List<MSGQueue> selectAllQueue() {
return metaMapper.selectAllQueue();
}
public void deleteQueue(String queueName) {
metaMapper.deleteQueue(queueName);
}
public void insertBinding(Binding binding) {
metaMapper.insertBinding(binding);
}
public List<Binding> selectAllBinding() {
return metaMapper.selectAllBinding();
}
public void deleteBinding(Binding binding) {
metaMapper.deleteBinding(binding);
}
public void deleteDB() {
//刪除文件
File file = new File("./data/meta.db");
boolean res = file.delete();
if(res) {
System.out.println("[DataBaseManager] 數(shù)據(jù)庫文件刪除完畢!");
} else {
System.out.println("[DataBaseManager] 數(shù)據(jù)庫文件刪除失敗!");
}
//刪除目錄
File dataDir = new File("./data");
boolean ret = dataDir.delete();
if(ret) {
System.out.println("[DataBaseManager] 數(shù)據(jù)庫目錄刪除完成!");
} else {
System.out.println("[DataBaseManager] 數(shù)據(jù)庫目錄刪除失敗!");
}
}
}
1.5、針對 DataBaseManager 進(jìn)行單元測試
設(shè)計單元測試,這里的要求就是單元測試用例和用例之間是需要相互獨(dú)立的,不會干擾,例如以下情況:
測試過程中,向數(shù)據(jù)庫中插入數(shù)據(jù) a .
在針對 b 進(jìn)行測試,可能 a 這里的數(shù)據(jù)會對 b 造成干擾.
Ps:這里不一定是數(shù)據(jù)庫,也可能是其他方面,例如是否搞了一個文件,是否占用了端口...
@SpringBootTest
public class DataBaseManagerTests {
private DataBaseManager dataBaseManager = new DataBaseManager();
@BeforeEach
public void setUp() {
RabbitmqProjectApplication.context = SpringApplication.run(RabbitmqProjectApplication.class);
dataBaseManager.init();
}
@AfterEach
public void setclose() {
//此處不能直接刪除 數(shù)據(jù)庫文件 ,需要先關(guān)閉 context 對象
//此處 context 對象持有了 MetaMapper 的實(shí)例, MetaMapper 又打開了 meta.db 數(shù)據(jù)庫
//如果 meta.db 被別人打開了,此時刪除文件是不會成功的(Windows 系統(tǒng)限制, Linux 則不會)
//另一方面 context 會占用 8080 端口,此處的 close 也是釋放 8080 端口
RabbitmqProjectApplication.context.close();
dataBaseManager.deleteDB();
}
@Test
public void testInitTable() {
List<Exchange> exchanges = dataBaseManager.selectAllExchange();
List<MSGQueue> msgQueues = dataBaseManager.selectAllQueue();
List<Binding> bindings = dataBaseManager.selectAllBinding();
Assertions.assertEquals(1, exchanges.size());
Assertions.assertEquals("", exchanges.get(0).getName());
Assertions.assertEquals(ExchangeType.DIRECT, exchanges.get(0).getType());
Assertions.assertEquals(0, msgQueues.size());
Assertions.assertEquals(0, bindings.size());
}
private Exchange createTestExchange(String exchangeName) {
Exchange exchange = new Exchange();
exchange.setName(exchangeName);
exchange.setType(ExchangeType.FANOUT);
exchange.setDurable(true);
exchange.setAutoDelete(false);
exchange.setArguments("aaa", 1);
exchange.setArguments("bbb", 2);
return exchange;
}
@Test
public void insertExhangeTest() {
Exchange exchange = createTestExchange("testExchange");
dataBaseManager.insertExchange(exchange);
List<Exchange> exchanges = dataBaseManager.selectAllExchange();
Assertions.assertEquals(2, exchanges.size());
Exchange testExchange = exchanges.get(1);
Assertions.assertEquals("testExchange", testExchange.getName());
Assertions.assertEquals(ExchangeType.FANOUT, testExchange.getType());
Assertions.assertEquals(true, testExchange.isDurable());
Assertions.assertEquals(false, testExchange.isAutoDelete());
Assertions.assertEquals(1, testExchange.getArguments("aaa"));
Assertions.assertEquals(2, testExchange.getArguments("bbb"));
}
@Test
public void deleteExchangeTest() {
Exchange exchange = createTestExchange("testExchange");
dataBaseManager.insertExchange(exchange);
List<Exchange> exchanges = dataBaseManager.selectAllExchange();
Assertions.assertEquals(2, exchanges.size());
Assertions.assertEquals("testExchange", exchanges.get(1).getName());
//刪除
dataBaseManager.deleteExchange("testExchange");
exchanges = dataBaseManager.selectAllExchange();
Assertions.assertEquals(1, exchanges.size());
}
private MSGQueue createTestQueue(String queueName) {
MSGQueue queue = new MSGQueue();
queue.setName(queueName);
queue.setDurable(true);
queue.setExclusive(false);
queue.setAutoDelete(false);
queue.setArguments("aaa", 1);
queue.setArguments("bbb", 2);
return queue;
}
@Test
public void testInsertQueue() {
MSGQueue queue = createTestQueue("testQueue");
dataBaseManager.insertQueue(queue);
List<MSGQueue> queues = dataBaseManager.selectAllQueue();
Assertions.assertEquals(1, queues.size());
MSGQueue msgQueue = queues.get(0);
Assertions.assertEquals("testQueue", msgQueue.getName());
Assertions.assertEquals(true, msgQueue.isDurable());
Assertions.assertEquals(false, msgQueue.isExclusive());
Assertions.assertEquals(false, msgQueue.isAutoDelete());
Assertions.assertEquals(1, msgQueue.getArguments("aaa"));
Assertions.assertEquals(2, msgQueue.getArguments("bbb"));
}
@Test
public void testDeleteQueue() {
MSGQueue queue = createTestQueue("testQueue");
dataBaseManager.insertQueue(queue);
List<MSGQueue> queues = dataBaseManager.selectAllQueue();
Assertions.assertEquals(1, queues.size());
//刪除
dataBaseManager.deleteQueue("testQueue");
queues = dataBaseManager.selectAllQueue();
Assertions.assertEquals(0, queues.size());
}
private Binding createTestBinding(String exchangeName, String queueName) {
Binding binding = new Binding();
binding.setExchangeName(exchangeName);
binding.setQueueName(queueName);
binding.setBindingKey("testBindingKey");
return binding;
}
@Test
public void testInsertAndDeleteBinding() {
Binding binding = createTestBinding("testExchange", "testQueue");
dataBaseManager.insertBinding(binding);
List<Binding> bindingList = dataBaseManager.selectAllBinding();
Assertions.assertEquals(1, bindingList.size());
binding = bindingList.get(0);
Assertions.assertEquals("testExchange", binding.getExchangeName());
Assertions.assertEquals("testQueue", binding.getQueueName());
Assertions.assertEquals("testBindingKey", binding.getBindingKey());
//刪除
dataBaseManager.deleteBinding(binding);
bindingList = dataBaseManager.selectAllBinding();
Assertions.assertEquals(0, bindingList.size());
}
}
當(dāng)然,我只是做了簡單的設(shè)計測試用例,實(shí)際上站在更嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)慕嵌龋€需要設(shè)計更豐富的測試用例~
相比于 功能/業(yè)務(wù)代碼,測試用例代碼編寫起來雖然比較無聊,但是重要性是非常大的,這些操作會大大提高整個項(xiàng)目的開發(fā)效率.
Ps:單元測試,本來就是開發(fā)要搞的活,寫代碼不可能沒有 bug,進(jìn)行周密的測試,是應(yīng)對 bug 最有效的手段.
1.6、心得
做好單元測試真的很重要,在 XXXMapper.xml 中,我在標(biāo)簽中設(shè)定了參數(shù)?parameterType,如下?
一啟動項(xiàng)目就報錯(?'sqlSessionFactory' 報錯),原因就是 Exchange 中缺少 getter 方法~~
但實(shí)際上我并“沒有缺少 getter 方法”,因?yàn)槲以賹懲陮傩砸院缶椭苯佑?IDEA 自動生成 getter/setter 方法了,但是!?。?我往數(shù)據(jù)庫中插入 arguments 時約定為 varchar 類型,因此 setter/getter 方法的無論在 set ,還是 get 時,得到都是 Map<String, Object> 類型,因此項(xiàng)目一啟動通過 MyBatis 加載 XXXMapper.xml 文件會直接報錯?。?!
正確的寫法因該是寫入/讀出數(shù)據(jù)庫,都因該序列化成 JSON 字符串的格式,如下:
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