目的

KVM創(chuàng)建虛機(jī)后，想從宿主機(jī)去配置IP地址。本文介紹兩種方式，能夠通過(guò)shell腳本配置虛擬機(jī)IP地址

方法一

guestmount工具
guestmount 能夠?qū)⑻摂M機(jī)的磁盤掛載到宿主機(jī)上面，再通過(guò)修改磁盤里配置文件的方式達(dá)到更改IP目的，宿主機(jī)需要安裝軟件包libguestfs和libguestfs-tools
此方法不需要知道虛機(jī)賬號(hào)密碼也可操作，除了改IP還能改其他的，別瞎整哦

#!/bin/bash
#author 對(duì)你無(wú)語(yǔ)
#傳參：虛機(jī)名稱，網(wǎng)卡接口名稱，IP，掩碼，網(wǎng)關(guān)
#需要安裝guestmount工具
#在不登陸虛擬機(jī)的情況下，修改虛擬機(jī)的IP地址信息

#獲取虛機(jī)名稱,-p是提示符
read -p "please input the Virtual machine name:" name

#如果虛擬機(jī)狀態(tài)為running，則強(qiáng)制關(guān)閉虛機(jī)，開機(jī)不能操作喲
#關(guān)機(jī)用destroy強(qiáng)制關(guān)機(jī)，用shutdown會(huì)很慢，甚至有時(shí)關(guān)不掉
if virsh domstate $name|grep -q running ;then
       echo "shutdown the Virtual machine ..."
       virsh destroy $name
fi

#宿主機(jī)上創(chuàng)建掛載點(diǎn)mountpoin目錄，
mountpoint="/media/v_path"
[ ! -d $mountpoint ] && mkdir $mountpoint
echo "創(chuàng)建mountpoin目錄"

#確認(rèn)沒(méi)有掛載mountpoin
if mount | grep -q "$mountpoint" ;then
        umount $mountpoint
        echo "已存在掛載點(diǎn)，卸載mountpoint"
fi

#安裝guestmount，已存在也不會(huì)重復(fù)安裝
if rpm -q libguestfs|grep -q not ;then
        yum install libguestfs libguestfs-tools -y
        echo "guestmount安裝中"
fi

#掛載虛機(jī)全部磁盤
guestmount  -d $name -i $mountpoint

#用戶輸入虛擬機(jī)網(wǎng)卡信息，和想要配置的IP地址
read -p "請(qǐng)輸入需要修改的網(wǎng)卡名稱:" dev
read -p "請(qǐng)輸入IP地址:" addr
read -p "請(qǐng)輸入掩碼地址:" netmask
read -p "請(qǐng)輸入網(wǎng)關(guān)地址:" gateway

# 判斷原本網(wǎng)卡配置文件中是否有IP地址，有，就修改該IP，沒(méi)有，就添加一個(gè)新的IP地址
if grep -q "IPADDR" $mountpoint/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-$dev;then
   sed -i "/IPADDR/s/=.*/=$addr/"  $mountpoint/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-$dev
   sed -i "/NETMASK/s/=.*/=$netmask/"  $mountpoint/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-$dev
   sed -i "/GATEWAY/s/=.*/=$gateway/"  $mountpoint/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-$dev
   sed -i "/BOOTPROTO/s/=.*/=static/"  $mountpoint/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-$dev

else
   sed -i "/BOOTPROTO/s/=.*/=static/"  $mountpoint/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-$dev
   echo "IPADDR=$addr" >>  $mountpoint/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-$dev
   echo "NETMASK=$netmask" >>  $mountpoint/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-$dev
   echo "GATEWAY=$gateway" >>  $mountpoint/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-$dev
fi
# 判斷配置文件是否有此IP了
awk -F= -v ip=$addr '$2==ip{print "修改IP成功"}' $mountpoint/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-$dev
# 配置完成后刪除掛載點(diǎn)
umount $mountpoint
# 啟動(dòng)虛機(jī)
virsh start $name

方法二

expect工具
expect是一個(gè)免費(fèi)的編程工具，能用于shell自動(dòng)的交互式任務(wù)，要用的話需要先手動(dòng)安裝，配置過(guò)程百度很多
此方法需要你知道虛機(jī)賬號(hào)密碼文章來(lái)源地址http://www.zghlxwxcb.cn/news/detail-613799.html

#!/usr/expect/bin/expect
# 獲取虛擬機(jī)參數(shù)
set virshname  [lindex $argv 0]
set ipaddr [lindex $argv 1]
set NETMASK [lindex $argv 2]
set GATEWAY  [lindex $argv 3]

# 打開虛擬機(jī)控制臺(tái)連接
spawn virsh console $virshname

# 等待一段時(shí)間以確保虛擬機(jī)啟動(dòng)
sleep 5
set timeout 10
send "\r"

# 匹配登錄提示并發(fā)送用戶名
expect {
    "login:" {
        send "root\r"
        exp_continue
    }
    timeout {
        # 在5秒超時(shí)后跳過(guò)登錄步驟并執(zhí)行下面的命令
    }
}

# 匹配密碼提示并發(fā)送密碼
expect {
    "Password:" {
        send "ENsafe@2022\r"
        exp_continue
    }
    timeout {
        # 在5秒超時(shí)后跳過(guò)登錄步驟并執(zhí)行下面的命令
    }
}

# 等待一段時(shí)間以確保登錄完成
sleep 2

# 判斷原本網(wǎng)卡配置文件中是否有IP地址，有，就修改該IP，沒(méi)有，就添加一個(gè)新的IP地址
send "grep -q 'IPADDR' /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 && echo '1111' || echo '0000'\r"

expect {
    "1111" {
      send  "echo 1111\r"
      send  "sed -i '/^BOOTPROTO/ s/.*/BOOTPROTO=static/' '/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0'\r"
      
      send  "sed -i '/^IPADDR/ s/.*/IPADDR=${ipaddr}/' '/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0'\r"
      
      send  "sed -i '/^NETMASK/ s/.*/NETMASK=${NETMASK}/' '/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0'\r"
      
      send  "sed -i '/^GATEWAY/ s/.*/GATEWAY=${GATEWAY}/' '/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0'\r"
     
    }
    "0000" {
        send  "echo 0000\r"
        
        send "echo 'IPADDR=${ipaddr}' >>  /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0\r"
        
        send  "sed -i '/^BOOTPROTO/ s/.*/BOOTPROTO=static/' '/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0'\r"

        send  "sed -i '/^NETMASK/ s/.*/NETMASK=${NETMASK}/' '/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0'\r"
        
        send  "sed -i '/^GATEWAY/ s/.*/GATEWAY=${GATEWAY}/' '/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0'\r"
    }
}

# 改了之后重啟網(wǎng)絡(luò)使之生效
send  "systemctl restart network.service\r"
expect "$ "

# 退出登錄
send "exit\r"
exit

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