Lison
<dreamlison@163.com>
, v1.0.0
, 2023.06.22
七種模式介紹與代碼演示
四大交換機
交換機概念
- 交換機可以理解成具有路由表的路由程序,僅此而已。每個消息都有一個稱為路由鍵(routing key)的屬性,就是一個簡單的字符串。
- 最新版本的RabbitMQ有四種交換機類型,分別是Direct exchange、Fanout exchange、Topic exchange、Headers exchange。
- 交換機的作用: 生產(chǎn)者向broker(rabbitmq服務器)發(fā)送消息,交換機通過生產(chǎn)者綁定的路由鍵,將消息推送到不同的消息隊列中。而消費者,只綁定隊列,從隊列中獲取消息。
- 以上三種類型的發(fā)送精準順序為:點對點類型 > 通配符類型 > 廣播類型
四種交換機介紹
- 直連交換機(Direct exchange): 具有路由功能的交換機,綁定到此交換機的時候需要指定一個routing_key,交換機發(fā)送消息的時候需要routing_key,會將消息發(fā)送道對應的隊列
- 扇形交換機(Fanout exchange): 廣播消息到所有隊列,沒有任何處理,速度最快
-
主題交換機(Topic exchange): 在直連交換機基礎上增加模式匹配,也就是對routing_key進行模式匹配,
*
代表一個單詞,#
代表多個單詞 - 首部交換機(Headers exchange): 忽略routing_key,使用Headers信息(一個Hash的數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構)進行匹配,優(yōu)勢在于可以有更多更靈活的匹配規(guī)則
交換機參數(shù)
- name: 交換機名稱
- type: 交換機類型 direct,topic,fanout,headers
- durability: 是否需要持久化,true 為持久化
- auto delete: 當最后一個綁定到 Exchange 上的隊列被刪除后,Exchange 就沒有綁定的隊列了,自動刪除該 Exchange
- internal: 當前 Exchange 是否為內(nèi)部交換機,默認為 false,客戶端無法直接發(fā)送消息到這個交換機中,只能通過交換機路由到交換機這種方式
- arguments: 擴展參數(shù),用于擴展 AMQP 協(xié)議自制定化使用
工作模式
簡單模式(Hello World)
做最簡單的事情,一個生產(chǎn)者對應一個消費者,RabbitMQ相當于一個消息代理,負責將A的消息轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)給B
應用場景: 將發(fā)送的電子郵件放到消息隊列,然后郵件服務在隊列中獲取郵件并發(fā)送給收件人
工作隊列模式(Work queues)
在多個消費者之間分配任務(競爭的消費者模式),一個生產(chǎn)者對應多個消費者,一般適用于執(zhí)行資源密集型任務,單個消費者處理不過來,需要多個消費者進行處理
應用場景: 一個訂單的處理需要10s,有多個訂單可以同時放到消息隊列,然后讓多個消費者同時處理,這樣就是并行了,而不是單個消費者的串行情況
訂閱模式(Publish/Subscribe)
一次向許多消費者發(fā)送消息,一個生產(chǎn)者發(fā)送的消息會被多個消費者獲取,也就是將消息將廣播到所有的消費者中。
應用場景: 更新商品庫存后需要通知多個緩存和多個數(shù)據(jù)庫,這里的結(jié)構應該是:
- 一個fanout類型交換機扇出兩個個消息隊列,分別為緩存消息隊列、數(shù)據(jù)庫消息隊列
- 一個緩存消息隊列對應著多個緩存消費者
- 一個數(shù)據(jù)庫消息隊列對應著多個數(shù)據(jù)庫消費者
路由模式(Routing)
有選擇地(Routing key)接收消息,發(fā)送消息到交換機并且要指定路由key ,消費者將隊列綁定到交換機時需要指定路由key,僅消費指定路由key的消息
應用場景: 如在商品庫存中增加了1臺iphone12,iphone12促銷活動消費者指定routing key為iphone12,只有此促銷活動會接收到消息,其它促銷活動不關心也不會消費此routing key的消息
主題模式(Topics)
根據(jù)主題(Topics)來接收消息,將路由key和某模式進行匹配,此時隊列需要綁定在一個模式上,#
匹配一個詞或多個詞,*
只匹配一個詞。
應用場景: 同上,iphone促銷活動可以接收主題為iphone的消息,如iphone12、iphone13等
遠程過程調(diào)用(RPC)
如果我們需要在遠程計算機上運行功能并等待結(jié)果就可以使用RPC,具體流程可以看圖。應用場景:需要等待接口返回數(shù)據(jù),如訂單支付
發(fā)布者確認(Publisher Confirms)
與發(fā)布者進行可靠的發(fā)布確認,發(fā)布者確認是RabbitMQ擴展,可以實現(xiàn)可靠的發(fā)布。在通道上啟用發(fā)布者確認后,RabbitMQ將異步確認發(fā)送者發(fā)布的消息,這意味著它們已在服務器端處理。
應用場景: 對于消息可靠性要求較高,比如錢包扣款
代碼演示
代碼中沒有對后面兩種模式演示,有興趣可以自己研究
簡單模式
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
public class SimpleQueueSender {
private final static String QUEUE_NAME = "simple_queue";
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
factory.setHost("127.0.0.1");
factory.setPort(5672);
factory.setUsername("admin");
factory.setPassword("123456");
Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
// 聲明隊列
// queue:隊列名
// durable:是否持久化
// exclusive:是否排外 即只允許該channel訪問該隊列 一般等于true的話用于一個隊列只能有一個消費者來消費的場景
// autoDelete:是否自動刪除 消費完刪除
// arguments:其他屬性
channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);
//消息內(nèi)容
String message = "simplest mode message";
channel.basicPublish("", QUEUE_NAME, null, message.getBytes());
System.out.println("[x]Sent '" + message + "'");
//最后關閉通關和連接
channel.close();
connection.close();
}
}
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import com.rabbitmq.client.DeliverCallback;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
public class SimpleQueueReceiver {
private final static String QUEUE_NAME = "simple_queue";
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, InterruptedException, TimeoutException {
// 獲取連接
ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
factory.setHost("localhost");
factory.setPort(5672);
factory.setUsername("admin");
factory.setPassword("123456");
Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);
DeliverCallback deliverCallback = (consumerTag, delivery) -> {
String message = new String(delivery.getBody(), "UTF-8");
System.out.println(" [x] Received '" +
delivery.getEnvelope().getRoutingKey() + "':'" + message + "'");
};
channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, true, deliverCallback, consumerTag -> {
});
System.out.println("----");
}
}
工作隊列模式
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import com.rabbitmq.client.DeliverCallback;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
public class QueueWorkReceiver1 {
private final static String QUEUE_NAME = "queue_work";
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, InterruptedException, TimeoutException {
// 獲取連接
ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
factory.setHost("localhost");
factory.setPort(5672);
factory.setUsername("admin");
factory.setPassword("123456");
Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);
// 同一時刻服務器只會發(fā)送一條消息給消費者
channel.basicQos(1);
DeliverCallback deliverCallback = (consumerTag, delivery) -> {
String message = new String(delivery.getBody(), "UTF-8");
System.out.println(" [x] Received '" +
delivery.getEnvelope().getRoutingKey() + "':'" + message + "'");
};
channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, true, deliverCallback, consumerTag -> {
});
}
}
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import com.rabbitmq.client.DeliverCallback;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
public class QueueWorkReceiver2 {
private final static String QUEUE_NAME = "queue_work";
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, InterruptedException, TimeoutException {
// 獲取連接
ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
factory.setHost("localhost");
factory.setPort(5672);
factory.setUsername("admin");
factory.setPassword("123456");
Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);
// 同一時刻服務器只會發(fā)送一條消息給消費者
channel.basicQos(1);
DeliverCallback deliverCallback = (consumerTag, delivery) -> {
String message = new String(delivery.getBody(), "UTF-8");
System.out.println(" [x] Received '" +
delivery.getEnvelope().getRoutingKey() + "':'" + message + "'");
};
channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, true, deliverCallback, consumerTag -> {
});
}
}
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
public class QueueWorkSender {
private final static String QUEUE_NAME = "queue_work";
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, InterruptedException, TimeoutException {
ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
factory.setHost("localhost");
factory.setPort(5672);
factory.setUsername("admin");
factory.setPassword("123456");
Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
// 聲明隊列
channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);
for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
String message = "work mode message" + i;
channel.basicPublish("", QUEUE_NAME, null, message.getBytes());
System.out.println("[x] Sent '" + message + "'");
Thread.sleep(i * 10);
}
channel.close();
connection.close();
}
}
發(fā)布訂閱模式
package com.lison.upgrade.middleware.rabbitmq;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import com.rabbitmq.client.DeliverCallback;
public class PublishSubscribeReceive1 {
private static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "logs";
public static void main(String[] argv) throws Exception {
ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
factory.setHost("localhost");
factory.setPort(5672);
factory.setUsername("admin");
factory.setPassword("123456");
Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, "fanout");
String queueName = channel.queueDeclare().getQueue();
channel.queueBind(queueName, EXCHANGE_NAME, "");
System.out.println(" [*] Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C");
// 訂閱消息的回調(diào)函數(shù)
DeliverCallback deliverCallback = (consumerTag, delivery) -> {
String message = new String(delivery.getBody(), "UTF-8");
System.out.println(" [x] Received '" + message + "'");
};
// 消費者,有消息時出發(fā)訂閱回調(diào)函數(shù)
channel.basicConsume(queueName, true, deliverCallback, consumerTag -> {
});
}
}
package com.lison.upgrade.middleware.rabbitmq;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import com.rabbitmq.client.DeliverCallback;
public class PublishSubscribeReceive2 {
private static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "logs";
public static void main(String[] argv) throws Exception {
ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
factory.setHost("localhost");
factory.setPort(5672);
factory.setUsername("admin");
factory.setPassword("123456");
Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, "fanout");
String queueName = channel.queueDeclare().getQueue();
channel.queueBind(queueName, EXCHANGE_NAME, "");
System.out.println(" [*] Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C");
// 訂閱消息的回調(diào)函數(shù)
DeliverCallback deliverCallback = (consumerTag, delivery) -> {
String message = new String(delivery.getBody(), "UTF-8");
System.out.println(" [x] Received2 '" + message + "'");
};
// 消費者,有消息時出發(fā)訂閱回調(diào)函數(shù)
channel.basicConsume(queueName, true, deliverCallback, consumerTag -> {
});
}
}
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
public class PublishSubscribeSender {
private static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "logs";
public static void main(String[] argv) throws Exception {
ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
factory.setHost("localhost");
factory.setPort(5672);
factory.setUsername("admin");
factory.setPassword("123456");
Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, "fanout");
String message = "publish subscribe message";
channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME, "", null, message.getBytes("UTF-8"));
System.out.println(" [x] Sent '" + message + "'");
channel.close();
connection.close();
}
}
路由模式
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import com.rabbitmq.client.DeliverCallback;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
public class QueueRoutingReceiver1 {
private final static String QUEUE_NAME = "queue_routing";
private final static String EXCHANGE_NAME = "exchange_direct";
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
factory.setHost("localhost");
factory.setPort(5672);
factory.setUsername("admin");
factory.setPassword("123456");
Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);
// 指定路由的key,接收key和key2
channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, "key");
channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, "key2");
channel.basicQos(1);
DeliverCallback deliverCallback = (consumerTag, delivery) -> {
String message = new String(delivery.getBody(), "UTF-8");
System.out.println(" [x] Received '" +
delivery.getEnvelope().getRoutingKey() + "':'" + message + "'");
};
channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, true, deliverCallback, consumerTag -> {
});
}
}
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import com.rabbitmq.client.DeliverCallback;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
public class QueueRoutingReceiver2 {
private final static String QUEUE_NAME = "queue_routing2";
private final static String EXCHANGE_NAME = "exchange_direct";
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
factory.setHost("localhost");
factory.setPort(5672);
factory.setUsername("admin");
factory.setPassword("123456");
Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);
// 僅接收key2
channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, "key2");
channel.basicQos(1);
DeliverCallback deliverCallback = (consumerTag, delivery) -> {
String message = new String(delivery.getBody(), "UTF-8");
System.out.println(" [x] Received '" +
delivery.getEnvelope().getRoutingKey() + "':'" + message + "'");
};
channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, true, deliverCallback, consumerTag -> {
});
}
}
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
public class QueueRoutingSender {
private final static String EXCHANGE_NAME = "exchange_direct";
private final static String EXCHANGE_TYPE = "direct";
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
factory.setHost("localhost");
factory.setPort(5672);
factory.setUsername("admin");
factory.setPassword("123456");
Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
// 交換機聲明
channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, EXCHANGE_TYPE);
// 只有routingKey相同的才會消費
String message = "routing mode message";
channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME, "key2", null, message.getBytes());
System.out.println("[x] Sent '" + message + "'");
// channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME, "key", null, message.getBytes());
// System.out.println("[x] Sent '" + message + "'");
channel.close();
connection.close();
}
}
主題模式
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import com.rabbitmq.client.DeliverCallback;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
public class Receiver1 {
private final static String QUEUE_NAME = "queue_topic";
private final static String EXCHANGE_NAME = "exchange_topic";
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, InterruptedException, TimeoutException {
ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
factory.setHost("localhost");
factory.setPort(5672);
Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);
// 可以接收key.1
channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, "key.*");
channel.basicQos(1);
DeliverCallback deliverCallback = (consumerTag, delivery) -> {
String message = new String(delivery.getBody(), "UTF-8");
System.out.println(" [x] Received '" +
delivery.getEnvelope().getRoutingKey() + "':'" + message + "'");
};
channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, true, deliverCallback, consumerTag -> {
});
}
}
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import com.rabbitmq.client.DeliverCallback;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
public class Receiver2 {
private final static String QUEUE_NAME = "queue_topic2";
private final static String EXCHANGE_NAME = "exchange_topic";
private final static String EXCHANGE_TYPE = "topic";
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, InterruptedException, TimeoutException {
ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
factory.setHost("localhost");
factory.setPort(5672);
Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);
// *號代表單個單詞,可以接收key.1
channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, "*.*");
// #號代表多個單詞,可以接收key.1.2
channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, "*.#");
channel.basicQos(1);
DeliverCallback deliverCallback = (consumerTag, delivery) -> {
String message = new String(delivery.getBody(), "UTF-8");
System.out.println(" [x] Received '" +
delivery.getEnvelope().getRoutingKey() + "':'" + message + "'");
};
channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, true, deliverCallback, consumerTag -> {
});
}
}
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
public class Sender {
private final static String EXCHANGE_NAME = "exchange_topic";
private final static String EXCHANGE_TYPE = "topic";
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
factory.setHost("localhost");
factory.setPort(5672);
Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, EXCHANGE_TYPE);
String message = "topics model message with key.1";
channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME, "key.1", null, message.getBytes());
System.out.println("[x] Sent '" + message + "'");
String message2 = "topics model message with key.1.2";
channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME, "key.1.2", null, message2.getBytes());
System.out.println("[x] Sent '" + message2 + "'");
channel.close();
connection.close();
}
}
SpringBoot整合RabbitMQ
引入依賴基礎配置
1、創(chuàng)建SpringBoot項目,引入RabbitMQ起步依賴
<!-- RabbitMQ起步依賴 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>
</dependency>
2、寫配置文件
spring:
rabbitmq:
host: 127.0.0.1
port: 5672
username: admin
password: 123456
virtual-host: /
#日志格式
logging:
pattern:
console: '%d{HH:mm:ss.SSS} %clr(%-5level) --- [%-15thread] %cyan(%-50logger{50}):%msg%n'
SpringBoot整合RabbitMQ時,需要在配置類創(chuàng)建隊列和交換機,寫法如下:
@Configuration
public class RabbitConfig {
private final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "boot_topic_exchange";
private final String QUEUE_NAME = "boot_queue";
// 創(chuàng)建交換機
@Bean("bootExchange")
public Exchange getExchange() {
return ExchangeBuilder
.topicExchange(EXCHANGE_NAME) // 交換機類型
.durable(true) // 是否持久化
.build();
}
// 創(chuàng)建隊列
@Bean("bootQueue")
public Queue getMessageQueue() {
return new Queue(QUEUE_NAME); // 隊列名
}
// 交換機綁定隊列
@Bean
public Binding bindMessageQueue(@Qualifier("bootExchange") Exchange exchange, @Qualifier("bootQueue") Queue queue) {
return BindingBuilder
.bind(queue)
.to(exchange)
.with("#.message.#")
.noargs();
}
}
生產(chǎn)者
SpringBoot整合RabbitMQ時,提供了工具類RabbitTemplate發(fā)送消息,編寫生產(chǎn)者時只需要注入RabbitTemplate即可發(fā)送消息。
@SpringBootTest
public class TestProducer {
// 注入RabbitTemplate工具類
@Autowired
private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;
@Test
public void testSendMessage(){
/**
* 發(fā)送消息
* 參數(shù)1:交換機
* 參數(shù)2:路由key
* 參數(shù)3:要發(fā)送的消息
*/
rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("boot_topic_exchange","message","這個是生產(chǎn)者發(fā)送消息!");
}
}
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消費者
@Component
public class Consumer {
// 監(jiān)聽隊列
@RabbitListener(queues = "boot_queue")
public void listen_message(String message){
System.out.println("發(fā)送短信:"+message);
}
}
啟動項目,可以看到消費者會消費隊列中的消息文章來源地址http://www.zghlxwxcb.cn/news/detail-607151.html
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