HTTP 狀態(tài)碼
當(dāng)瀏覽者訪問一個(gè)網(wǎng)頁時(shí)，瀏覽者的瀏覽器會(huì)向網(wǎng)頁所在服務(wù)器發(fā)出請(qǐng)求。當(dāng)瀏覽器接收并顯示網(wǎng)頁前，此網(wǎng)頁所在的服務(wù)器會(huì)返回一個(gè)包含 HTTP 狀態(tài)碼的信息頭（server header）用以響應(yīng)瀏覽器的請(qǐng)求。
HTTP 狀態(tài)碼的英文為?HTTP Status Code。。
下面是常見的 HTTP 狀態(tài)碼：
- 200 - 請(qǐng)求成功
- 301 - 資源（網(wǎng)頁等）被永久轉(zhuǎn)移到其它URL
- 404 - 請(qǐng)求的資源（網(wǎng)頁等）不存在
- 500 - 內(nèi)部服務(wù)器錯(cuò)誤
HTTP 狀態(tài)碼分類
HTTP 狀態(tài)碼由三個(gè)十進(jìn)制數(shù)字組成，第一個(gè)十進(jìn)制數(shù)字定義了狀態(tài)碼的類型。響應(yīng)分為五類：信息響應(yīng)(100–199)，成功響應(yīng)(200–299)，重定向(300–399)，客戶端錯(cuò)誤(400–499)和服務(wù)器錯(cuò)誤 (500–599)：
| 分類 | 分類描述 |
|---|---|
| 1** | 信息，服務(wù)器收到請(qǐng)求，需要請(qǐng)求者繼續(xù)執(zhí)行操作 |
| 2** | 成功，操作被成功接收并處理 |
| 3** | 重定向，需要進(jìn)一步的操作以完成請(qǐng)求 |
| 4** | 客戶端錯(cuò)誤，請(qǐng)求包含語法錯(cuò)誤或無法完成請(qǐng)求 |
| 5** | 服務(wù)器錯(cuò)誤，服務(wù)器在處理請(qǐng)求的過程中發(fā)生了錯(cuò)誤 |
HTTP狀態(tài)碼列表:
| 狀態(tài)碼 | 狀態(tài)碼英文名稱 | 中文描述 |
|---|---|---|
| 100 | Continue | 繼續(xù)?？蛻舳藨?yīng)繼續(xù)其請(qǐng)求 |
| 101 | Switching Protocols | 切換協(xié)議。服務(wù)器根據(jù)客戶端的請(qǐng)求切換協(xié)議。只能切換到更高級(jí)的協(xié)議，例如，切換到HTTP的新版本協(xié)議 |
| 200 | OK | 請(qǐng)求成功。一般用于GET與POST請(qǐng)求 |
| 201 | Created | 已創(chuàng)建。成功請(qǐng)求并創(chuàng)建了新的資源 |
| 202 | Accepted | 已接受。已經(jīng)接受請(qǐng)求，但未處理完成 |
| 203 | Non-Authoritative Information | 非授權(quán)信息。請(qǐng)求成功。但返回的meta信息不在原始的服務(wù)器，而是一個(gè)副本 |
| 204 | No Content | 無內(nèi)容。服務(wù)器成功處理，但未返回內(nèi)容。在未更新網(wǎng)頁的情況下，可確保瀏覽器繼續(xù)顯示當(dāng)前文檔 |
| 205 | Reset Content | 重置內(nèi)容。服務(wù)器處理成功，用戶終端（例如：瀏覽器）應(yīng)重置文檔視圖。可通過此返回碼清除瀏覽器的表單域 |
| 206 | Partial Content | 部分內(nèi)容。服務(wù)器成功處理了部分GET請(qǐng)求 |
| 300 | Multiple Choices | 多種選擇。請(qǐng)求的資源可包括多個(gè)位置，相應(yīng)可返回一個(gè)資源特征與地址的列表用于用戶終端（例如：瀏覽器）選擇 |
| 301 | Moved Permanently | 永久移動(dòng)。請(qǐng)求的資源已被永久的移動(dòng)到新URI，返回信息會(huì)包括新的URI，瀏覽器會(huì)自動(dòng)定向到新URI。今后任何新的請(qǐng)求都應(yīng)使用新的URI代替 |
| 302 | Found | 臨時(shí)移動(dòng)。與301類似。但資源只是臨時(shí)被移動(dòng)?？蛻舳藨?yīng)繼續(xù)使用原有URI |
| 303 | See Other | 查看其它地址。與301類似。使用GET和POST請(qǐng)求查看 |
| 304 | Not Modified | 未修改。所請(qǐng)求的資源未修改，服務(wù)器返回此狀態(tài)碼時(shí)，不會(huì)返回任何資源。客戶端通常會(huì)緩存訪問過的資源，通過提供一個(gè)頭信息指出客戶端希望只返回在指定日期之后修改的資源 |
| 305 | Use Proxy | 使用代理。所請(qǐng)求的資源必須通過代理訪問 |
| 306 | Unused | 已經(jīng)被廢棄的HTTP狀態(tài)碼 |
| 307 | Temporary Redirect | 臨時(shí)重定向。與302類似。使用GET請(qǐng)求重定向 |
| 400 | Bad Request | 客戶端請(qǐng)求的語法錯(cuò)誤，服務(wù)器無法理解 |
| 401 | Unauthorized | 請(qǐng)求要求用戶的身份認(rèn)證 |
| 402 | Payment Required | 保留，將來使用 |
| 403 | Forbidden | 服務(wù)器理解請(qǐng)求客戶端的請(qǐng)求，但是拒絕執(zhí)行此請(qǐng)求 |
| 404 | Not Found | 服務(wù)器無法根據(jù)客戶端的請(qǐng)求找到資源（網(wǎng)頁）。通過此代碼，網(wǎng)站設(shè)計(jì)人員可設(shè)置"您所請(qǐng)求的資源無法找到"的個(gè)性頁面 |
| 405 | Method Not Allowed | 客戶端請(qǐng)求中的方法被禁止 |
| 406 | Not Acceptable | 服務(wù)器無法根據(jù)客戶端請(qǐng)求的內(nèi)容特性完成請(qǐng)求 |
| 407 | Proxy Authentication Required | 請(qǐng)求要求代理的身份認(rèn)證，與401類似，但請(qǐng)求者應(yīng)當(dāng)使用代理進(jìn)行授權(quán) |
| 408 | Request Time-out | 服務(wù)器等待客戶端發(fā)送的請(qǐng)求時(shí)間過長，超時(shí) |
| 409 | Conflict | 服務(wù)器完成客戶端的 PUT 請(qǐng)求時(shí)可能返回此代碼，服務(wù)器處理請(qǐng)求時(shí)發(fā)生了沖突 |
| 410 | Gone | 客戶端請(qǐng)求的資源已經(jīng)不存在。410不同于404，如果資源以前有現(xiàn)在被永久刪除了可使用410代碼，網(wǎng)站設(shè)計(jì)人員可通過301代碼指定資源的新位置 |
| 411 | Length Required | 服務(wù)器無法處理客戶端發(fā)送的不帶Content-Length的請(qǐng)求信息 |
| 412 | Precondition Failed | 客戶端請(qǐng)求信息的先決條件錯(cuò)誤 |
| 413 | Request Entity Too Large | 由于請(qǐng)求的實(shí)體過大，服務(wù)器無法處理，因此拒絕請(qǐng)求。為防止客戶端的連續(xù)請(qǐng)求，服務(wù)器可能會(huì)關(guān)閉連接。如果只是服務(wù)器暫時(shí)無法處理，則會(huì)包含一個(gè)Retry-After的響應(yīng)信息 |
| 414 | Request-URI Too Large | 請(qǐng)求的URI過長（URI通常為網(wǎng)址），服務(wù)器無法處理 |
| 415 | Unsupported Media Type | 服務(wù)器無法處理請(qǐng)求附帶的媒體格式 |
| 416 | Requested range not satisfiable | 客戶端請(qǐng)求的范圍無效 |
| 417 | Expectation Failed | 服務(wù)器無法滿足Expect的請(qǐng)求頭信息 |
| 500 | Internal Server Error | 服務(wù)器內(nèi)部錯(cuò)誤，無法完成請(qǐng)求 |
| 501 | Not Implemented | 服務(wù)器不支持請(qǐng)求的功能，無法完成請(qǐng)求 |
| 502 | Bad Gateway | 作為網(wǎng)關(guān)或者代理工作的服務(wù)器嘗試執(zhí)行請(qǐng)求時(shí)，從遠(yuǎn)程服務(wù)器接收到了一個(gè)無效的響應(yīng) |
| 503 | Service Unavailable | 由于超載或系統(tǒng)維護(hù)，服務(wù)器暫時(shí)的無法處理客戶端的請(qǐng)求。延時(shí)的長度可包含在服務(wù)器的Retry-After頭信息中 |
| 504 | Gateway Time-out | 充當(dāng)網(wǎng)關(guān)或代理的服務(wù)器，未及時(shí)從遠(yuǎn)端服務(wù)器獲取請(qǐng)求 |
| 505 | HTTP Version not supported | 服務(wù)器不支持請(qǐng)求的HTTP協(xié)議的版本，無法完成處理 |
HTTP content-type
Content-Type（內(nèi)容類型），一般是指網(wǎng)頁中存在的 Content-Type，用于定義網(wǎng)絡(luò)文件的類型和網(wǎng)頁的編碼，決定瀏覽器將以什么形式、什么編碼讀取這個(gè)文件，這就是經(jīng)?？吹揭恍?PHP 網(wǎng)頁點(diǎn)擊的結(jié)果卻是下載一個(gè)文件或一張圖片的原因。
Content-Type 標(biāo)頭告訴客戶端實(shí)際返回的內(nèi)容的內(nèi)容類型。
語法格式：
Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8 Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=something
實(shí)例：
常見的媒體格式類型如下：
- text/html ： HTML格式
- text/plain ：純文本格式
- text/xml ： XML格式
- image/gif ：gif圖片格式
- image/jpeg ：jpg圖片格式
- image/png：png圖片格式
以application開頭的媒體格式類型：
- application/xhtml+xml ：XHTML格式
- application/xml： XML數(shù)據(jù)格式
- application/atom+xml ：Atom XML聚合格式
- application/json： JSON數(shù)據(jù)格式
- application/pdf：pdf格式
- application/msword ： Word文檔格式
- application/octet-stream ： 二進(jìn)制流數(shù)據(jù)（如常見的文件下載）
- application/x-www-form-urlencoded ： <form encType=””>中默認(rèn)的encType，form表單數(shù)據(jù)被編碼為key/value格式發(fā)送到服務(wù)器（表單默認(rèn)的提交數(shù)據(jù)的格式）
另外一種常見的媒體格式是上傳文件之時(shí)使用的：文章來源：http://www.zghlxwxcb.cn/news/detail-569826.html
- multipart/form-data ： 需要在表單中進(jìn)行文件上傳時(shí)，就需要使用該格式
HTTP content-type 對(duì)照表
| 文件擴(kuò)展名 | Content-Type(Mime-Type) | 文件擴(kuò)展名 | Content-Type(Mime-Type) |
|---|---|---|---|
| .*（ 二進(jìn)制流，不知道下載文件類型） | application/octet-stream | .tif | image/tiff |
| .001 | application/x-001 | .301 | application/x-301 |
| .323 | text/h323 | .906 | application/x-906 |
| .907 | drawing/907 | .a11 | application/x-a11 |
| .acp | audio/x-mei-aac | .ai | application/postscript |
| .aif | audio/aiff | .aifc | audio/aiff |
| .aiff | audio/aiff | .anv | application/x-anv |
| .asa | text/asa | .asf | video/x-ms-asf |
| .asp | text/asp | .asx | video/x-ms-asf |
| .au | audio/basic | .avi | video/avi |
| .awf | application/vnd.adobe.workflow | .biz | text/xml |
| .bmp | application/x-bmp | .bot | application/x-bot |
| .c4t | application/x-c4t | .c90 | application/x-c90 |
| .cal | application/x-cals | .cat | application/vnd.ms-pki.seccat |
| .cdf | application/x-netcdf | .cdr | application/x-cdr |
| .cel | application/x-cel | .cer | application/x-x509-ca-cert |
| .cg4 | application/x-g4 | .cgm | application/x-cgm |
| .cit | application/x-cit | .class | java/* |
| .cml | text/xml | .cmp | application/x-cmp |
| .cmx | application/x-cmx | .cot | application/x-cot |
| .crl | application/pkix-crl | .crt | application/x-x509-ca-cert |
| .csi | application/x-csi | .css | text/css |
| .cut | application/x-cut | .dbf | application/x-dbf |
| .dbm | application/x-dbm | .dbx | application/x-dbx |
| .dcd | text/xml | .dcx | application/x-dcx |
| .der | application/x-x509-ca-cert | .dgn | application/x-dgn |
| .dib | application/x-dib | .dll | application/x-msdownload |
| .doc | application/msword | .dot | application/msword |
| .drw | application/x-drw | .dtd | text/xml |
| .dwf | Model/vnd.dwf | .dwf | application/x-dwf |
| .dwg | application/x-dwg | .dxb | application/x-dxb |
| .dxf | application/x-dxf | .edn | application/vnd.adobe.edn |
| .emf | application/x-emf | .eml | message/rfc822 |
| .ent | text/xml | .epi | application/x-epi |
| .eps | application/x-ps | .eps | application/postscript |
| .etd | application/x-ebx | .exe | application/x-msdownload |
| .fax | image/fax | .fdf | application/vnd.fdf |
| .fif | application/fractals | .fo | text/xml |
| .frm | application/x-frm | .g4 | application/x-g4 |
| .gbr | application/x-gbr | . | application/x- |
| .gif | image/gif | .gl2 | application/x-gl2 |
| .gp4 | application/x-gp4 | .hgl | application/x-hgl |
| .hmr | application/x-hmr | .hpg | application/x-hpgl |
| .hpl | application/x-hpl | .hqx | application/mac-binhex40 |
| .hrf | application/x-hrf | .hta | application/hta |
| .htc | text/x-component | .htm | text/html |
| .html | text/html | .htt | text/webviewhtml |
| .htx | text/html | .icb | application/x-icb |
| .ico | image/x-icon | .ico | application/x-ico |
| .iff | application/x-iff | .ig4 | application/x-g4 |
| .igs | application/x-igs | .iii | application/x-iphone |
| .img | application/x-img | .ins | application/x-internet-signup |
| .isp | application/x-internet-signup | .IVF | video/x-ivf |
| .java | java/* | .jfif | image/jpeg |
| .jpe | image/jpeg | .jpe | application/x-jpe |
| .jpeg | image/jpeg | .jpg | image/jpeg |
| .jpg | application/x-jpg | .js | application/x-javascript |
| .jsp | text/html | .la1 | audio/x-liquid-file |
| .lar | application/x-laplayer-reg | .latex | application/x-latex |
| .lavs | audio/x-liquid-secure | .lbm | application/x-lbm |
| .lmsff | audio/x-la-lms | .ls | application/x-javascript |
| .ltr | application/x-ltr | .m1v | video/x-mpeg |
| .m2v | video/x-mpeg | .m3u | audio/mpegurl |
| .m4e | video/mpeg4 | .mac | application/x-mac |
| .man | application/x-troff-man | .math | text/xml |
| .mdb | application/msaccess | .mdb | application/x-mdb |
| .mfp | application/x-shockwave-flash | .mht | message/rfc822 |
| .mhtml | message/rfc822 | .mi | application/x-mi |
| .mid | audio/mid | .midi | audio/mid |
| .mil | application/x-mil | .mml | text/xml |
| .mnd | audio/x-musicnet-download | .mns | audio/x-musicnet-stream |
| .mocha | application/x-javascript | .movie | video/x-sgi-movie |
| .mp1 | audio/mp1 | .mp2 | audio/mp2 |
| .mp2v | video/mpeg | .mp3 | audio/mp3 |
| .mp4 | video/mpeg4 | .mpa | video/x-mpg |
| .mpd | application/vnd.ms-project | .mpe | video/x-mpeg |
| .mpeg | video/mpg | .mpg | video/mpg |
| .mpga | audio/rn-mpeg | .mpp | application/vnd.ms-project |
| .mps | video/x-mpeg | .mpt | application/vnd.ms-project |
| .mpv | video/mpg | .mpv2 | video/mpeg |
| .mpw | application/vnd.ms-project | .mpx | application/vnd.ms-project |
| .mtx | text/xml | .mxp | application/x-mmxp |
| .net | image/pnetvue | .nrf | application/x-nrf |
| .nws | message/rfc822 | .odc | text/x-ms-odc |
| .out | application/x-out | .p10 | application/pkcs10 |
| .p12 | application/x-pkcs12 | .p7b | application/x-pkcs7-certificates |
| .p7c | application/pkcs7-mime | .p7m | application/pkcs7-mime |
| .p7r | application/x-pkcs7-certreqresp | .p7s | application/pkcs7-signature |
| .pc5 | application/x-pc5 | .pci | application/x-pci |
| .pcl | application/x-pcl | .pcx | application/x-pcx |
| application/pdf | application/pdf | ||
| .pdx | application/vnd.adobe.pdx | .pfx | application/x-pkcs12 |
| .pgl | application/x-pgl | .pic | application/x-pic |
| .pko | application/vnd.ms-pki.pko | .pl | application/x-perl |
| .plg | text/html | .pls | audio/scpls |
| .plt | application/x-plt | .png | image/png |
| .png | application/x-png | .pot | application/vnd.ms-powerpoint |
| .ppa | application/vnd.ms-powerpoint | .ppm | application/x-ppm |
| .pps | application/vnd.ms-powerpoint | .ppt | application/vnd.ms-powerpoint |
| .ppt | application/x-ppt | .pr | application/x-pr |
| .prf | application/pics-rules | .prn | application/x-prn |
| .prt | application/x-prt | .ps | application/x-ps |
| .ps | application/postscript | .ptn | application/x-ptn |
| .pwz | application/vnd.ms-powerpoint | .r3t | text/vnd.rn-realtext3d |
| .ra | audio/vnd.rn-realaudio | .ram | audio/x-pn-realaudio |
| .ras | application/x-ras | .rat | application/rat-file |
| .rdf | text/xml | .rec | application/vnd.rn-recording |
| .red | application/x-red | .rgb | application/x-rgb |
| .rjs | application/vnd.rn-realsystem-rjs | .rjt | application/vnd.rn-realsystem-rjt |
| .rlc | application/x-rlc | .rle | application/x-rle |
| .rm | application/vnd.rn-realmedia | .rmf | application/vnd.adobe.rmf |
| .rmi | audio/mid | .rmj | application/vnd.rn-realsystem-rmj |
| .rmm | audio/x-pn-realaudio | .rmp | application/vnd.rn-rn_music_package |
| .rms | application/vnd.rn-realmedia-secure | .rmvb | application/vnd.rn-realmedia-vbr |
| .rmx | application/vnd.rn-realsystem-rmx | .rnx | application/vnd.rn-realplayer |
| .rp | image/vnd.rn-realpix | .rpm | audio/x-pn-realaudio-plugin |
| .rsml | application/vnd.rn-rsml | .rt | text/vnd.rn-realtext |
| .rtf | application/msword | .rtf | application/x-rtf |
| .rv | video/vnd.rn-realvideo | .sam | application/x-sam |
| .sat | application/x-sat | .sdp | application/sdp |
| .sdw | application/x-sdw | .sit | application/x-stuffit |
| .slb | application/x-slb | .sld | application/x-sld |
| .slk | drawing/x-slk | .smi | application/smil |
| .smil | application/smil | .smk | application/x-smk |
| .snd | audio/basic | .sol | text/plain |
| .sor | text/plain | .spc | application/x-pkcs7-certificates |
| .spl | application/futuresplash | .spp | text/xml |
| .ssm | application/streamingmedia | .sst | application/vnd.ms-pki.certstore |
| .stl | application/vnd.ms-pki.stl | .stm | text/html |
| .sty | application/x-sty | .svg | text/xml |
| .swf | application/x-shockwave-flash | .tdf | application/x-tdf |
| .tg4 | application/x-tg4 | .tga | application/x-tga |
| .tif | image/tiff | .tif | application/x-tif |
| .tiff | image/tiff | .tld | text/xml |
| .top | drawing/x-top | .torrent | application/x-bittorrent |
| .tsd | text/xml | .txt | text/plain |
| .uin | application/x-icq | .uls | text/iuls |
| .vcf | text/x-vcard | .vda | application/x-vda |
| .vdx | application/vnd.visio | .vml | text/xml |
| .vpg | application/x-vpeg005 | .vsd | application/vnd.visio |
| .vsd | application/x-vsd | .vss | application/vnd.visio |
| .vst | application/vnd.visio | .vst | application/x-vst |
| .vsw | application/vnd.visio | .vsx | application/vnd.visio |
| .vtx | application/vnd.visio | .vxml | text/xml |
| .wav | audio/wav | .wax | audio/x-ms-wax |
| .wb1 | application/x-wb1 | .wb2 | application/x-wb2 |
| .wb3 | application/x-wb3 | .wbmp | image/vnd.wap.wbmp |
| .wiz | application/msword | .wk3 | application/x-wk3 |
| .wk4 | application/x-wk4 | .wkq | application/x-wkq |
| .wks | application/x-wks | .wm | video/x-ms-wm |
| .wma | audio/x-ms-wma | .wmd | application/x-ms-wmd |
| .wmf | application/x-wmf | .wml | text/vnd.wap.wml |
| .wmv | video/x-ms-wmv | .wmx | video/x-ms-wmx |
| .wmz | application/x-ms-wmz | .wp6 | application/x-wp6 |
| .wpd | application/x-wpd | .wpg | application/x-wpg |
| .wpl | application/vnd.ms-wpl | .wq1 | application/x-wq1 |
| .wr1 | application/x-wr1 | .wri | application/x-wri |
| .wrk | application/x-wrk | .ws | application/x-ws |
| .ws2 | application/x-ws | .wsc | text/scriptlet |
| .wsdl | text/xml | .wvx | video/x-ms-wvx |
| .xdp | application/vnd.adobe.xdp | .xdr | text/xml |
| .xfd | application/vnd.adobe.xfd | .xfdf | application/vnd.adobe.xfdf |
| .xhtml | text/html | .xls | application/vnd.ms-excel |
| .xls | application/x-xls | .xlw | application/x-xlw |
| .xml | text/xml | .xpl | audio/scpls |
| .xq | text/xml | .xql | text/xml |
| .xquery | text/xml | .xsd | text/xml |
| .xsl | text/xml | .xslt | text/xml |
| .xwd | application/x-xwd | .x_b | application/x-x_b |
| .sis | application/vnd.symbian.install | .sisx | application/vnd.symbian.install |
| .x_t | application/x-x_t | .ipa | application/vnd.iphone |
| .apk | application/vnd.android.package-archive | .xap | application/x-silverlight-app |
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