Web API基本認(rèn)知
Web API 基本認(rèn)知
作用和分類
DOM
DOM樹(shù)
DOM對(duì)象
獲取DOM對(duì)象
根據(jù)CSS選擇器來(lái)獲取DOM元素
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
<style>
.box {
width: 200px;
height: 200px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="box">123</div>
<div class="box">456</div>
<p id="nav">導(dǎo)航欄</p>
<ul>
<li>測(cè)試1</li>
<li>測(cè)試2</li>
<li>測(cè)試3</li>
</ul>
<script>
// 1. 獲取匹配的第一個(gè)元素
const box1 = document.querySelector('div')
const box = document.querySelector('.box')
const nav = document.querySelector('#nav')
console.log(nav)
const test = document.querySelector('ul li:first-child')
console.log(test)
</script>
</body>
</html>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
<style>
.box {
width: 200px;
height: 200px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="box">123</div>
<div class="box">456</div>
<p id="nav">導(dǎo)航欄</p>
<ul>
<li>測(cè)試1</li>
<li>測(cè)試2</li>
<li>測(cè)試3</li>
</ul>
<script>
// 獲取匹配多個(gè)元素
const test = document.querySelectorAll('ul li')
console.log(test)
</script>
</body>
</html>
小練習(xí)
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
<style>
.box {
width: 200px;
height: 200px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<ul class="nav">
<li>我的首頁(yè)</li>
<li>產(chǎn)品介紹</li>
<li>聯(lián)系方式</li>
</ul>
<script>
const lis = document.querySelectorAll('ul li')
for (let i = 0; i < lis.length; i++) {
console.log(lis[i])
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
其他獲取DOM元素方法
操作元素內(nèi)容
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
<style>
.box {
width: 200px;
height: 200px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="box">我是文字內(nèi)容</div>
<script>
// 獲取元素
const box = document.querySelector('.box')
// 獲取文字內(nèi)容
console.log(box.innerText)
// 修改文字
box.innerText = '我是一個(gè)盒子'
</script>
</body>
</html>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
<style>
.box {
width: 200px;
height: 200px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="box">我是文字內(nèi)容</div>
<script>
// 獲取元素
const box = document.querySelector('.box')
// 獲取文字內(nèi)容
console.log(box.innerHTML)
// 修改文字
box.innerHTML = '<strong>我是一個(gè)盒子</strong>'
</script>
</body>
</html>
識(shí)別標(biāo)簽
小練習(xí)
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8" />
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
<title>年會(huì)抽獎(jiǎng)</title>
<style>
.wrapper {
width: 840px;
height: 420px;
/* background: url(./images/bg01.jpg) no-repeat center / cover; */
padding: 100px 250px;
box-sizing: border-box;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="wrapper">
<strong>傳智教育年會(huì)抽獎(jiǎng)</strong>
<h1>一等獎(jiǎng)：<span id="one">???</span></h1>
<h3>二等獎(jiǎng)：<span id="two">???</span></h3>
<h5>三等獎(jiǎng)：<span id="three">???</span></h5>
</div>
<script>
const personArr = ['周杰倫', '劉德華', '周星馳', 'Pink老師', '張學(xué)友']
const random = Math.floor(Math.random() * personArr.length)
const one = document.querySelector('#one')
one.innerHTML = personArr[random]
personArr.splice(random, 1)
const random2 = Math.floor(Math.random() * personArr.length)
const two = document.querySelector('#two')
two.innerHTML = personArr[random2]
personArr.splice(random2, 1)
const random3 = Math.floor(Math.random() * personArr.length)
const three = document.querySelector('#three')
three.innerHTML = personArr[random3]
personArr.splice(random3, 1)
</script>
</body>
</html>
操作元素屬性
操作元素常用屬性
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
<img src="./js學(xué)習(xí)(pink)/web APIs/web APIs第一天/06-素材/images/1.webp" alt="">
<script>
// 獲取圖片元素
const img = document.querySelector('img')
// 修改圖片對(duì)象屬性
img.src = './js學(xué)習(xí)(pink)/web APIs/web APIs第一天/06-素材/images/2.webp'
img.title = '劉德華'
</script>
</body>
</html>
小練習(xí)
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
<img src="./js學(xué)習(xí)(pink)/web APIs/web APIs第一天/06-素材/images/1.webp" alt="">
<script>
function getRandom(N, M) {
return Math.floor(Math.random() * (M - N + 1)) + N
}
const img = document.querySelector('img')
const random = getRandom(1,6)
img.src = `./js學(xué)習(xí)(pink)/web APIs/web APIs第一天/06-素材/images/${random}.webp`
</script>
</html>
操作元素樣式屬性
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
<style>
div {
width: 200px;
height: 200px;
background-color: pink;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="box"></div>
<script>
const div = document.querySelector('.box')
div.style.width = '300px'
// 多粗單詞采取 小駝峰命名法
div.style.backgroundColor = 'red'
div.style.border = '2px solid blue'
</script>
</body>
</html>
小練習(xí)
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
<style>
body {
width: 200px;
height: 200px;
background: url('./images/desktop_1.jpg') no-repeat top center/cover;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<script>
function getRandom(N,M){
return Math.floor(Math.random()*(M-N+1))+N
}
const random = getRandom(1,10)
document.body.style.backgroundImage = `url(./images/desktop_${random}.jpg)`
</script>
</body>
</html>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
<style>
div {
width: 200px;
height: 200px;
background-color: pink;
}
.box {
width: 300px;
height: 300px;
background-color: skyblue;
margin: 100px auto;
padding: 10px;
border: 1px solid black;
}
.nav {
color: red;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="nav">123</div>
<script>
const div = document.querySelector('div')
div.className = 'nav box'
</script>
</body>
</html>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
<style>
.box {
width: 200px;
height: 200px;
color: black;
}
.active {
color: red;
background-color: pink;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="box">文字</div>
<script>
const box = document.querySelector('.box')
box.classList.add('active')
box.classList.remove('box')
// 切換類(有就加上，沒(méi)有就刪掉)
box.classList.toggle('active')
</script>
</body>
</html>
小練習(xí)
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8" />
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
<title>輪播圖點(diǎn)擊切換</title>
<style>
* {
box-sizing: border-box;
}
.slider {
width: 560px;
height: 400px;
overflow: hidden;
}
.slider-wrapper {
width: 100%;
height: 320px;
}
.slider-wrapper img {
width: 100%;
height: 100%;
display: block;
}
.slider-footer {
height: 80px;
background-color: rgb(100, 67, 68);
padding: 12px 12px 0 12px;
position: relative;
}
.slider-footer .toggle {
position: absolute;
right: 0;
top: 12px;
display: flex;
}
.slider-footer .toggle button {
margin-right: 12px;
width: 28px;
height: 28px;
appearance: none;
border: none;
background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);
color: #fff;
border-radius: 4px;
cursor: pointer;
}
.slider-footer .toggle button:hover {
background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.2);
}
.slider-footer p {
margin: 0;
color: #fff;
font-size: 18px;
margin-bottom: 10px;
}
.slider-indicator {
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
list-style: none;
display: flex;
align-items: center;
}
.slider-indicator li {
width: 8px;
height: 8px;
margin: 4px;
border-radius: 50%;
background: #fff;
opacity: 0.4;
cursor: pointer;
}
.slider-indicator li.active {
width: 12px;
height: 12px;
opacity: 1;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="slider">
<div class="slider-wrapper">
<img src="./images/slider01.jpg" alt="" />
</div>
<div class="slider-footer">
<p>對(duì)人類來(lái)說(shuō)會(huì)不會(huì)太超前了？</p>
<ul class="slider-indicator">
<li></li>
<li></li>
<li></li>
<li></li>
<li></li>
<li></li>
<li></li>
<li></li>
</ul>
<div class="toggle">
<button class="prev"><</button>
<button class="next">></button>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<script>
// 1. 初始數(shù)據(jù)
const sliderData = [
{ url: './images/slider01.jpg', title: '對(duì)人類來(lái)說(shuō)會(huì)不會(huì)太超前了？', color: 'rgb(100, 67, 68)' },
{ url: './images/slider02.jpg', title: '開(kāi)啟劍與雪的黑暗傳說(shuō)！', color: 'rgb(43, 35, 26)' },
{ url: './images/slider03.jpg', title: '真正的jo廚出現(xiàn)了！', color: 'rgb(36, 31, 33)' },
{ url: './images/slider04.jpg', title: '李玉剛：讓世界通過(guò)B站看到東方大國(guó)文化', color: 'rgb(139, 98, 66)' },
{ url: './images/slider05.jpg', title: '快來(lái)分享你的寒假日常吧~', color: 'rgb(67, 90, 92)' },
{ url: './images/slider06.jpg', title: '嗶哩嗶哩小年YEAH', color: 'rgb(166, 131, 143)' },
{ url: './images/slider07.jpg', title: '一站式解決你的電腦配置問(wèn)題！?。?, color: 'rgb(53, 29, 25)' },
{ url: './images/slider08.jpg', title: '誰(shuí)不想和小貓咪貼貼呢！', color: 'rgb(99, 72, 114)' },
]
const random = parseInt(Math.random() * sliderData.length)
const img = document.querySelector('.slider-wrapper img')
img.src = sliderData[random].url
const p = document.querySelector('.slider-footer p')
p.innerHTML = sliderData[random].title
const footer = document.querySelector('.slider-footer')
footer.style.backgroundColor = sliderData[random].color
const li = document.querySelector(`.slider-indicator li:nth-child(${random + 1})`)
li.classList.add('active')
</script>
</body>
</html>
操作表單元素屬性
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
<input type="text" value="電腦">
<script>
const uname = document.querySelector('input')
// 獲取表單內(nèi)容 表單.value(innerHTML不能獲取表單內(nèi)容)
uname.value= '我要買電腦'
console.log(uname.type)
uname.type='password'
</script>
</body>
</html>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
<input type="checkbox" name="" id="">
<button>點(diǎn)擊</button>
<script>
const ipt = document.querySelector('input')
console.log(ipt.checked) //false
ipt.checked=true
const button = document.querySelector('button')
// console.log(button.disabled) //false
button.disabled = true
</script>
</body>
</html>
自定義屬性
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
<div data-id="1" data-spm="不知道">1</div>
<div data-id="2">2</div>
<div data-id="3">3</div>
<div data-id="4">4</div>
<div data-id="5">5</div>
<script>
const one = document.querySelector('div')
console.log(one.dataset.spm)
</script>
</body>
</html>
定時(shí)器——間歇函數(shù)
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
<script>
setInterval(function(){
console.log('一秒執(zhí)行一次')
},1000)
function fn() {
console.log('一秒執(zhí)行一次')
}
setInterval(fn,1000)
</script>
</body>
</html>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
<script>
function fn() {
console.log('一秒執(zhí)行一次')
}
let n = setInterval(fn,1000)
clearInterval(n)
</script>
</body>
</html>
小練習(xí)
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
<textarea name="" id="" cols="30" rows="10">
用戶注冊(cè)協(xié)議
歡迎注冊(cè)成為京東用戶！在您注冊(cè)過(guò)程中，您需要完成我們的注冊(cè)流程并通過(guò)點(diǎn)擊同意的形式在線簽署以下協(xié)議，請(qǐng)您務(wù)必仔細(xì)閱讀、充分理解協(xié)議中的條款內(nèi)容后再點(diǎn)擊同意（尤其是以粗體或下劃線標(biāo)識(shí)的條款，因?yàn)檫@些條款可能會(huì)明確您應(yīng)履行的義務(wù)或?qū)δ臋?quán)利有所限制）。
【請(qǐng)您注意】如果您不同意以下協(xié)議全部或任何條款約定，請(qǐng)您停止注冊(cè)。您停止注冊(cè)后將僅可以瀏覽我們的商品信息但無(wú)法享受我們的產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)。如您按照注冊(cè)流程提示填寫信息，閱讀并點(diǎn)擊同意上述協(xié)議且完成全部注冊(cè)流程后，即表示您已充分閱讀、理解并接受協(xié)議的全部?jī)?nèi)容，并表明您同意我們可以依據(jù)協(xié)議內(nèi)容來(lái)處理您的個(gè)人信息，并同意我們將您的訂單信息共享給為完成此訂單所必須的第三方合作方（詳情查看
</textarea>
<br>
<button class="btn" disabled>我已經(jīng)閱讀用戶協(xié)議(60)</button>
<script>
const btn = document.querySelector('.btn')
// button按鈕特殊用innerHTML
const textarea = document.querySelector('textarea')
let i = 5
let n = setInterval(function(){
i--
btn.innerHTML = `我已經(jīng)閱讀用戶協(xié)議(${i})`
if(i === 0){
clearInterval(n)
btn.disabled = false
btn.innerHTML='同意'
}
},1000)
</script>
</body>
</html>
文章來(lái)源：http://www.zghlxwxcb.cn/news/detail-534814.html
綜合案例
文章來(lái)源地址http://www.zghlxwxcb.cn/news/detail-534814.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8" />
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
<title>輪播圖點(diǎn)擊切換</title>
<style>
* {
box-sizing: border-box;
}
.slider {
width: 560px;
height: 400px;
overflow: hidden;
}
.slider-wrapper {
width: 100%;
height: 320px;
}
.slider-wrapper img {
width: 100%;
height: 100%;
display: block;
}
.slider-footer {
height: 80px;
background-color: rgb(100, 67, 68);
padding: 12px 12px 0 12px;
position: relative;
}
.slider-footer .toggle {
position: absolute;
right: 0;
top: 12px;
display: flex;
}
.slider-footer .toggle button {
margin-right: 12px;
width: 28px;
height: 28px;
appearance: none;
border: none;
background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);
color: #fff;
border-radius: 4px;
cursor: pointer;
}
.slider-footer .toggle button:hover {
background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.2);
}
.slider-footer p {
margin: 0;
color: #fff;
font-size: 18px;
margin-bottom: 10px;
}
.slider-indicator {
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
list-style: none;
display: flex;
align-items: center;
}
.slider-indicator li {
width: 8px;
height: 8px;
margin: 4px;
border-radius: 50%;
background: #fff;
opacity: 0.4;
cursor: pointer;
}
.slider-indicator li.active {
width: 12px;
height: 12px;
opacity: 1;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="slider">
<div class="slider-wrapper">
<img src="./images/slider01.jpg" alt="" />
</div>
<div class="slider-footer">
<p>對(duì)人類來(lái)說(shuō)會(huì)不會(huì)太超前了？</p>
<ul class="slider-indicator">
<li class="active"></li>
<li></li>
<li></li>
<li></li>
<li></li>
<li></li>
<li></li>
<li></li>
</ul>
<div class="toggle">
<button class="prev"><</button>
<button class="next">></button>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<script>
// 1. 初始數(shù)據(jù)
const sliderData = [
{ url: './images/slider01.jpg', title: '對(duì)人類來(lái)說(shuō)會(huì)不會(huì)太超前了？', color: 'rgb(100, 67, 68)' },
{ url: './images/slider02.jpg', title: '開(kāi)啟劍與雪的黑暗傳說(shuō)！', color: 'rgb(43, 35, 26)' },
{ url: './images/slider03.jpg', title: '真正的jo廚出現(xiàn)了！', color: 'rgb(36, 31, 33)' },
{ url: './images/slider04.jpg', title: '李玉剛：讓世界通過(guò)B站看到東方大國(guó)文化', color: 'rgb(139, 98, 66)' },
{ url: './images/slider05.jpg', title: '快來(lái)分享你的寒假日常吧~', color: 'rgb(67, 90, 92)' },
{ url: './images/slider06.jpg', title: '嗶哩嗶哩小年YEAH', color: 'rgb(166, 131, 143)' },
{ url: './images/slider07.jpg', title: '一站式解決你的電腦配置問(wèn)題?。?！', color: 'rgb(53, 29, 25)' },
{ url: './images/slider08.jpg', title: '誰(shuí)不想和小貓咪貼貼呢！', color: 'rgb(99, 72, 114)' },
]
// 1.獲取元素
const img = document.querySelector('.slider-wrapper img')
const p = document.querySelector('.slider-footer p')
let i = 0
// 2.開(kāi)啟定時(shí)器
let n = setInterval(function () {
i++;
if(i>=sliderData.length)
{
i=0
}
img.src = sliderData[i].url
p.innerHTML = sliderData[i].title
// 先刪除以前的active
document.querySelector(`.slider-indicator .active`).classList.remove('active')
document.querySelector(`.slider-indicator li:nth-child(${i + 1})`).classList.add('active')
}, 1000)
</script>
</body>
</html>
到了這里，關(guān)于前端學(xué)習(xí)——Web API（Day1）的文章就介紹完了。如果您還想了解更多內(nèi)容，請(qǐng)?jiān)谟疑辖撬阉鱐OY模板網(wǎng)以前的文章或繼續(xù)瀏覽下面的相關(guān)文章，希望大家以后多多支持TOY模板網(wǎng)！
![[CISCN 2019華北Day1]Web1](https://imgs.yssmx.com/Uploads/2024/02/707241-1.png)
