從python3.9.5升級到3.11.1 原來用poplib收取郵件的腳本運行失?。?/p>

    server = poplib.POP3_SSL(pop3_server, 995)
             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "c:\Python311-32\Lib\poplib.py", line 452, in __init__
    POP3.__init__(self, host, port, timeout)
  File "c:\Python311-32\Lib\poplib.py", line 104, in __init__
    self.sock = self._create_socket(timeout)
                ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "c:\Python311-32\Lib\poplib.py", line 456, in _create_socket
    sock = self.context.wrap_socket(sock,
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "c:\Python311-32\Lib\ssl.py", line 517, in wrap_socket
    return self.sslsocket_class._create(
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "c:\Python311-32\Lib\ssl.py", line 1075, in _create
    self.do_handshake()
  File "c:\Python311-32\Lib\ssl.py", line 1346, in do_handshake
    self._sslobj.do_handshake()
ssl.SSLError: [SSL: SSLV3_ALERT_HANDSHAKE_FAILURE] sslv3 alert handshake failure (_ssl.c:992)

查看python升級變化的文檔，提示在3.10版有涉及：

Important deprecations, removals or restrictions:

PEP 644, Require OpenSSL 1.1.1 or newer

應該是ssl相關的版本變化引起。

為使新版的SSL與原服務器的適配，增加設置：

import ssl
ctx = ssl.create_default_context()
ctx.set_ciphers('DEFAULT')
#...
server = poplib.POP3_SSL(pop3_server, 995,context=ctx)

運行發(fā)現(xiàn)已經(jīng)能進一步了，但是又報錯誤：

    server = poplib.POP3_SSL(pop3_server, 995,context=ctx)
             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "C:\python311-32\Lib\poplib.py", line 452, in __init__
    POP3.__init__(self, host, port, timeout)
  File "C:\python311-32\Lib\poplib.py", line 104, in __init__
    self.sock = self._create_socket(timeout)
                ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "C:\python311-32\Lib\poplib.py", line 456, in _create_socket
    sock = self.context.wrap_socket(sock,
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "C:\python311-32\Lib\ssl.py", line 517, in wrap_socket
    return self.sslsocket_class._create(
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "C:\python311-32\Lib\ssl.py", line 1075, in _create
    self.do_handshake()
  File "C:\python311-32\Lib\ssl.py", line 1346, in do_handshake
    self._sslobj.do_handshake()
ssl.SSLCertVerificationError: [SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: self signed certificate in certificate chain (_ssl.c:992)

此為自簽證書錯誤，借處理爬蟲時，忽略網(wǎng)站證書的方法，查找對應功能調(diào)整為：

import ssl
ctx = ssl._create_unverified_context() #起到忽略證書校驗的作用
ctx.set_ciphers('DEFAULT') #與老服務器握手搭配
#...
server = poplib.POP3_SSL(pop3_server, 995,context=ctx)

至此，在新python3.11版本下恢復正常，問題解決。文章來源地址http://www.zghlxwxcb.cn/news/detail-517741.html