題外話

好久沒(méi)更新，轉(zhuǎn)眼大二下了，去年我的城市經(jīng)歷新冠疫情，我自己也沉迷于某csgo游戲開(kāi)擺500小時(shí)，終于在上個(gè)月醒悟，正式開(kāi)始fpga的學(xué)習(xí)，是跟這實(shí)驗(yàn)室的一位帶工程師學(xué)習(xí)的，話不多說(shuō)開(kāi)始。

學(xué)習(xí)路線

主要看著B(niǎo)站開(kāi)源騷客和小梅哥的視頻，開(kāi)源騷客的視頻我看完了，最近在看小梅哥，其實(shí)我發(fā)現(xiàn)野火的電子文檔寫的也不錯(cuò)，然后還有特權(quán)同學(xué)的fpga教程，我沒(méi)有怎么看數(shù)電，所以學(xué)起來(lái)感覺(jué)有點(diǎn)磕磕絆絆，比如D觸發(fā)器，pwm，時(shí)鐘那里。
首先f(wàn)pga學(xué)習(xí)確實(shí)跟單片機(jī)不太一樣，可以把fpga理解一塊面包板，需要我們自己設(shè)定輸入輸出端口。fpga學(xué)習(xí)確實(shí)跟單片機(jī)不一樣，時(shí)鐘是時(shí)序邏輯的靈魂，我們要考慮好如何設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)鐘，搞懂非阻塞賦值，并行執(zhí)行思想。

方案設(shè)計(jì)

原件選擇

開(kāi)發(fā)板選擇altera MAXII epm240t100c5n，其實(shí)這是一塊cpld還不是fpga。
軟件選擇quartusII 13.1 這里注意看自己的器件庫(kù) 我的芯片過(guò)于古老，軟件不兼容，我還額外去intel官網(wǎng)下載了maxII的devices。
同時(shí)建議提前了解rgb和數(shù)碼管原理。

設(shè)計(jì)方案

0、復(fù)位時(shí) 數(shù)碼管包括小數(shù)點(diǎn)全部亮 同時(shí)也方便檢測(cè)器件是否損壞
1、紅燈10秒倒計(jì)時(shí)
2、然后黃燈3秒，
3、然后綠燈5秒
4、再黃燈3秒

設(shè)計(jì)思想

1、設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)鐘一，用于選擇10+3+3+21個(gè)狀態(tài)
2、設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)鐘二，用于數(shù)碼管動(dòng)態(tài)刷新一個(gè)周期
3、對(duì)四位數(shù)碼管位選和段選的設(shè)計(jì)
4、對(duì)數(shù)碼管共陰極共陽(yáng)極的選擇

代碼

module	traffic(
		input			sclk					,
		input			s_rst_n					,
		
		output	reg		[3:0]	SEG				,
		output	reg		[7:0]	SMG				,	
		output	reg		beep					,
		output	reg		[ 2:0]	RGB
);
localparam		DELAY_1S			=			'd24_999_999;
localparam		DELAY_10MS			=			'd299_999;
reg		[4:0]			TIME_21					;
reg		[4:0]			TIME_4					;
reg		[25:0]			cnt_1s					;
reg		[18:0]			cnt_10ms				;
reg		[7:0]			SEG1					;
reg		[7:0]			SEG2					;
reg		[7:0]			SEG3					;
reg		[7:0]			SEG4					;

localparam		NULL				=			8'b0000_0000;
localparam		num0				=			8'b0011_1111;
localparam		num9				=           8'b0110_1111;
localparam		num8				=           8'b0111_1111;
localparam		num7				=           8'b0000_0111;
localparam		num6				=           8'b0111_1101;
localparam		num5				=           8'b0110_1101;
localparam		num4				=           8'b0110_0110;
localparam		num3				=           8'b0100_1111;
localparam		num2				=           8'b0101_1011;
localparam		num1				=           8'b0000_0110;

always @ (posedge sclk or negedge s_rst_n)	
begin
		if(s_rst_n == 1'b0)
				cnt_1s		<=			'd0;				
		else if (cnt_1s == DELAY_1S)				
				cnt_1s		<=			'd0;
		else  
				cnt_1s 	<=			cnt_1s + 1'b1;
end

always @ (posedge sclk or negedge s_rst_n)	
begin
		if(s_rst_n == 1'b0)
				cnt_10ms		<=			'd0;				
		else if (cnt_10ms == DELAY_10MS)				
				cnt_10ms		<=			'd0;
		else  
				cnt_10ms 	<=			cnt_10ms + 1'b1;
end

always @ (posedge sclk or negedge s_rst_n)	
begin
		if(s_rst_n == 1'd0)				
				TIME_21	<=			1'd1;
		else if (TIME_21 == 21 && cnt_1s == DELAY_1S)				
				TIME_21	<=			1'd1;				
		else  if (cnt_1s == DELAY_1S) 
				TIME_21  	<=			TIME_21 + 1'd1;
end

always @ (posedge sclk or negedge s_rst_n)	
begin
		if(s_rst_n == 1'd0)				
				TIME_4	<=			1'd0;
		else if (TIME_4 == 4 && cnt_10ms == DELAY_10MS)				
				TIME_4	<=			1'd1;				
		else  if (cnt_10ms == DELAY_10MS) 
				TIME_4  	<=			TIME_4 + 1'd1;
end

always @ (posedge sclk or negedge s_rst_n)	
begin
		if(s_rst_n == 1'd0)				
				SEG		<=			4'b0000;			
		else if (TIME_4 == 01)
				SEG		<=			4'b0111;
		else if (TIME_4 == 02)
				SEG		<=			4'b1011;
		else if (TIME_4 == 03)
				SEG		<=			4'b1101;
		else
				SEG		<=			4'b1110;
end

always @ (posedge sclk or negedge s_rst_n)	
begin
		if(s_rst_n == 1'd0)				
				SMG 	<=			8'b1111_1111;			
		else if (TIME_4 == 01)
				SMG 	<=			SEG4;		
		else if (TIME_4 == 02)
				SMG 	<=			SEG3;		
		else if (TIME_4 == 03)
				SMG 	<=			SEG2;		
		else
				SMG 	<=			SEG1;				
end


always@(*)
begin
		
			case	(TIME_21)
				01:						{SEG1,SEG2,SEG3,SEG4}	<={NULL,NULL,num1,num0};
				02:						{SEG1,SEG2,SEG3,SEG4}	<={NULL,NULL,NULL,num9};	
				03:						{SEG1,SEG2,SEG3,SEG4}	<={NULL,NULL,NULL,num8};	
				04:						{SEG1,SEG2,SEG3,SEG4}	<={NULL,NULL,NULL,num7};	
				05:						{SEG1,SEG2,SEG3,SEG4}	<={NULL,NULL,NULL,num6};	
				06:						{SEG1,SEG2,SEG3,SEG4}	<={NULL,NULL,NULL,num5};	
				07:						{SEG1,SEG2,SEG3,SEG4}	<={NULL,NULL,NULL,num4};	
				08:						{SEG1,SEG2,SEG3,SEG4}	<={NULL,NULL,NULL,num3};	
				09:						{SEG1,SEG2,SEG3,SEG4}	<={NULL,NULL,NULL,num2};	
				10:						{SEG1,SEG2,SEG3,SEG4}	<={NULL,NULL,NULL,num1};	

				11:						{SEG1,SEG2,SEG3,SEG4}	<={NULL,NULL,NULL,num3};	
				12:						{SEG1,SEG2,SEG3,SEG4}	<={NULL,NULL,NULL,num2};	
				13:						{SEG1,SEG2,SEG3,SEG4}	<={NULL,NULL,NULL,num1};	

				14:						{SEG1,SEG2,SEG3,SEG4}	<={NULL,NULL,NULL,num5};	
				15:						{SEG1,SEG2,SEG3,SEG4}	<={NULL,NULL,NULL,num4};	
				16:						{SEG1,SEG2,SEG3,SEG4}	<={NULL,NULL,NULL,num3};	
				17:						{SEG1,SEG2,SEG3,SEG4}	<={NULL,NULL,NULL,num2};	
				18:						{SEG1,SEG2,SEG3,SEG4}	<={NULL,NULL,NULL,num1};	

				19:						{SEG1,SEG2,SEG3,SEG4}	<={NULL,NULL,NULL,num3};	
				20:						{SEG1,SEG2,SEG3,SEG4}	<={NULL,NULL,NULL,num2};	
				21:						{SEG1,SEG2,SEG3,SEG4}	<={NULL,NULL,NULL,num1};	

			endcase
		
end                

	
always@(*)
begin

		if(s_rst_n == 1'b0)
				RGB 	<=			3'b000;
		else if (TIME_21>=1 &&TIME_21<=10)
				RGB 	<=			3'b110;				//紅
		else if (TIME_21>=11 &&TIME_21<=13)
				RGB 	<=			3'b100;				//黃
		else if (TIME_21>=14 &&TIME_21<=18)
				RGB 	<=			3'b101;				//綠
		else if (TIME_21>=19 &&TIME_21<=21)
				RGB 	<=			3'b100;				//黃
				
end  

endmodule

實(shí)物展示

忘了錄復(fù)位時(shí)白燈了，大家自己想象。

小結(jié)

搞電子要耐得住寂寞，要學(xué)習(xí)的很多，大家加油。歡迎大家互相交流學(xué)習(xí)方法路線心得，csdn不能及時(shí)回復(fù)，抱歉！文章來(lái)源地址http://www.zghlxwxcb.cn/news/detail-500252.html

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