背景
昨天晚上（2月14號），我將電腦切換到ubuntu系統(tǒng)，發(fā)現(xiàn)我的外接顯示屏用不了了。同時還彈出了軟件更新窗口，于是我把更新窗口關(guān)掉了，執(zhí)行了sudo apt update && sudo apt-get upgrade -y，但是外接顯示屏依然用不了
原因猜測
- nvidia驅(qū)動出現(xiàn)了問題（具體原因不明）
- linux內(nèi)核與nvidia驅(qū)動不匹配（因為我上次從ubuntu系統(tǒng)退出去前應(yīng)該進行了清內(nèi)存的操作：參考https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_43686259/article/details/127729357，刪除了一些我以為沒用的——與我現(xiàn)在使用的內(nèi)核不同的內(nèi)核相關(guān)信息）
- Nvidia驅(qū)動自動更新后導致nvidia-smi不可用：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_46841421/article/details/112979615
解決問題過程
- 執(zhí)行了
sudo apt update && sudo apt-get upgrade -y, 彈出configuring openssh-server, 我選擇了keep...
- 在
terminal中輸入nvidia-smi
- 第一次
報錯：忘記了（大概就是找不到文件…）
解決辦法：趕緊看看我的cuda還在嗎——nvcc -V——不在了——sudo apt install nvidia-cuda-toolkit——再輸入nvcc -V和nvidia-smi檢查 - 第二次
報錯：bash: /usr/bin/nvidia-smi: No such file or directory
解決辦法：具體步驟順序忘記了（我動了display，將顯示100%改成了125%；然后還動了software&updates中的additional drivers；然后就是把電腦動傻了，開始顯示不是太大就是太小，無了nvidia的驅(qū)動，只能using x.org x server - nouveau display driver from xserver-xorg-video-nouveau，沒辦法重啟了電腦，然后就有了第三次的輸出） - 第三次
報錯：
嘗試解決辦法：(base) fl@fl:~$ nvidia-smi Command 'nvidia-smi' not found, but can be installed with: sudo apt install nvidia-utils-390 # version 390.157-0ubuntu0.22.04.1, or sudo apt install nvidia-utils-450-server # version 450.216.04-0ubuntu0.22.04.1 sudo apt install nvidia-utils-470 # version 470.161.03-0ubuntu0.22.04.1 sudo apt install nvidia-utils-470-server # version 470.161.03-0ubuntu0.22.04.1 sudo apt install nvidia-utils-510 # version 510.108.03-0ubuntu0.22.04.1 sudo apt install nvidia-utils-515 # version 515.86.01-0ubuntu0.22.04.1 sudo apt install nvidia-utils-515-server # version 515.86.01-0ubuntu0.22.04.1 sudo apt install nvidia-utils-525 # version 525.78.01-0ubuntu0.22.04.1 sudo apt install nvidia-utils-525-server # version 525.60.13-0ubuntu0.22.04.1 sudo apt install nvidia-utils-418-server # version 418.226.00-0ubuntu4 sudo apt install nvidia-utils-510-server # version 510.47.03-0ubuntu3sudo apt install nvidia-utils-525 # version 525.78.01-0ubuntu0.22.04.1(沒什么用)
-
software & updates相關(guān)的報錯
- 我嘗試change成nvidia 525的驅(qū)動，一直報錯，切換其他的515也報錯
我去百度這些錯誤，或安裝未安裝的，如：sudo apt install linux-modules-nvidia-525-5.15.0-60-generic等，會報錯誤:
嘗試使用linux-modules-nvidia-525-5.15.0-60-generic : Depends: nvidia-kernel-common-525 (>= 525.78.01) but 525.60.13-0ubuntu1 is to be installed E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.sudo apt-get autoremove移除已經(jīng)broken packages
…
以上類似的嘗試都沒起作用，在我想要不要卸載所有的nvidia驅(qū)動重新裝時，我不小心點了using nvidia server driver metapackage from nvidia-driver-470-server，然后重啟電腦，解決了我目前外接顯示器不顯示的問題。
現(xiàn)在輸出nvidia-smi，正常了
手動安裝nvidia驅(qū)動
中午的時候，我驗證是否是我清linux不用的核而導致的上述問題，我在終端輸入以下命令：
輸入：uname -a
輸出：Linux fl 5.15.0-60-generic #66-Ubuntu SMP Fri Jan 20 14:29:49 UTC 2023 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
輸入：dpkg --get-selections | grep linux
輸出：
binutils-x86-64-linux-gnu install
console-setup-linux install
fonts-linuxlibertine install
libselinux1:amd64 install
libselinux1-dev:amd64 install
linux-base install
linux-firmware install
linux-generic install
linux-headers-5.15.0-60 install
linux-headers-5.15.0-60-generic install
linux-headers-generic install
linux-image-5.15.0-50-generic deinstall
linux-image-5.15.0-52-generic deinstall
linux-image-5.15.0-53-generic deinstall
linux-image-5.15.0-56-generic deinstall
linux-image-5.15.0-57-generic deinstall
linux-image-5.15.0-60-generic install
linux-image-generic install
linux-libc-dev:amd64 install
linux-modules-5.15.0-48-generic deinstall
linux-modules-5.15.0-50-generic deinstall
linux-modules-5.15.0-52-generic deinstall
linux-modules-5.15.0-53-generic deinstall
linux-modules-5.15.0-56-generic deinstall
linux-modules-5.15.0-57-generic deinstall
linux-modules-5.15.0-60-generic install
linux-modules-extra-5.15.0-50-generic deinstall
linux-modules-extra-5.15.0-52-generic deinstall
linux-modules-extra-5.15.0-53-generic deinstall
linux-modules-extra-5.15.0-56-generic deinstall
linux-modules-extra-5.15.0-57-generic deinstall
linux-modules-extra-5.15.0-60-generic install
linux-modules-nvidia-470-5.15.0-46-generic deinstall
linux-modules-nvidia-470-5.15.0-48-generic deinstall
linux-modules-nvidia-470-server-5.15.0-48-generic deinstall
linux-modules-nvidia-470-server-5.15.0-60-generic install
linux-modules-nvidia-470-server-generic install
linux-modules-nvidia-510-server-5.15.0-46-generic deinstall
linux-modules-nvidia-515-5.15.0-41-generic deinstall
linux-modules-nvidia-515-5.15.0-43-generic deinstall
linux-modules-nvidia-515-5.15.0-46-generic deinstall
linux-modules-nvidia-515-5.15.0-47-generic deinstall
linux-modules-nvidia-515-5.15.0-48-generic deinstall
linux-modules-nvidia-515-server-5.15.0-48-generic deinstall
linux-modules-nvidia-515-server-5.15.0-50-generic deinstall
linux-modules-nvidia-515-server-5.15.0-52-generic deinstall
linux-modules-nvidia-515-server-5.15.0-53-generic deinstall
linux-modules-nvidia-515-server-5.15.0-56-generic deinstall
linux-modules-nvidia-515-server-5.15.0-60-generic deinstall
linux-objects-nvidia-470-5.15.0-46-generic deinstall
linux-objects-nvidia-470-5.15.0-48-generic deinstall
linux-objects-nvidia-470-server-5.15.0-48-generic deinstall
linux-objects-nvidia-470-server-5.15.0-60-generic install
linux-objects-nvidia-510-server-5.15.0-46-generic deinstall
linux-objects-nvidia-515-5.15.0-41-generic deinstall
linux-objects-nvidia-515-5.15.0-43-generic deinstall
linux-objects-nvidia-515-5.15.0-46-generic deinstall
linux-objects-nvidia-515-5.15.0-47-generic deinstall
linux-objects-nvidia-515-5.15.0-48-generic deinstall
linux-objects-nvidia-515-server-5.15.0-48-generic deinstall
linux-objects-nvidia-515-server-5.15.0-50-generic deinstall
linux-objects-nvidia-515-server-5.15.0-52-generic deinstall
linux-objects-nvidia-515-server-5.15.0-53-generic deinstall
linux-objects-nvidia-515-server-5.15.0-56-generic deinstall
linux-objects-nvidia-515-server-5.15.0-60-generic install
linux-signatures-nvidia-5.15.0-60-generic install
linux-sound-base install
pptp-linux install
util-linux install
輸入：
sudo apt-get purge \
linux-image-5.15.0-50-generic \
linux-image-5.15.0-52-generic \
linux-image-5.15.0-53-generic \
linux-image-5.15.0-56-generic \
linux-image-5.15.0-57-generic \
linux-modules-5.15.0-48-generic \
linux-modules-5.15.0-50-generic \
linux-modules-5.15.0-52-generic \
linux-modules-5.15.0-53-generic \
linux-modules-5.15.0-56-generic \
linux-modules-5.15.0-57-generic \
linux-modules-extra-5.15.0-50-generic \
linux-modules-extra-5.15.0-52-generic \
linux-modules-extra-5.15.0-53-generic \
linux-modules-extra-5.15.0-56-generic \
linux-modules-extra-5.15.0-57-generic \
linux-modules-nvidia-470-5.15.0-46-generic \
linux-modules-nvidia-470-5.15.0-48-generic \
linux-modules-nvidia-470-server-5.15.0-48-generic \
linux-modules-nvidia-510-server-5.15.0-46-generic \
linux-modules-nvidia-515-5.15.0-41-generic \
linux-modules-nvidia-515-5.15.0-43-generic \
linux-modules-nvidia-515-5.15.0-46-generic \
linux-modules-nvidia-515-5.15.0-47-generic \
linux-modules-nvidia-515-5.15.0-48-generic \
linux-modules-nvidia-515-server-5.15.0-48-generic \
linux-modules-nvidia-515-server-5.15.0-50-generic \
linux-modules-nvidia-515-server-5.15.0-52-generic \
linux-modules-nvidia-515-server-5.15.0-53-generic \
linux-modules-nvidia-515-server-5.15.0-56-generic \
linux-modules-nvidia-515-server-5.15.0-60-generic \
linux-objects-nvidia-470-5.15.0-46-generic \
linux-objects-nvidia-470-5.15.0-48-generic \
linux-objects-nvidia-470-server-5.15.0-48-generic \
linux-objects-nvidia-510-server-5.15.0-46-generic \
linux-objects-nvidia-515-5.15.0-41-generic \
linux-objects-nvidia-515-5.15.0-43-generic \
linux-objects-nvidia-515-5.15.0-46-generic \
linux-objects-nvidia-515-5.15.0-47-generic \
linux-objects-nvidia-515-5.15.0-48-generic \
linux-objects-nvidia-515-server-5.15.0-48-generic \
linux-objects-nvidia-515-server-5.15.0-50-generic \
linux-objects-nvidia-515-server-5.15.0-52-generic \
linux-objects-nvidia-515-server-5.15.0-53-generic \
linux-objects-nvidia-515-server-5.15.0-56-generic
成功清除不要的核
然后重啟電腦，果然，沒了nvidia驅(qū)動，外接顯示屏也用不了了。
只能重裝nvidia驅(qū)動。文章來源：http://www.zghlxwxcb.cn/news/detail-493836.html
- 查看自己電腦的顯卡版本：https://www.cnblogs.com/vcan123/p/11902213.html
- 下載對應(yīng)的版本驅(qū)動，下載地址：https://www.nvidia.com/Download/index.aspx?lang=en-us#（英文的）；https://www.nvidia.cn/Download/index.aspx?lang=cn（中文的）
- 安裝參考：
- Ubuntu下安裝NVIDIA驅(qū)動的三種方法: https://www.cnblogs.com/Leozi/p/13281224.html
- 手動安裝NVIDIA驅(qū)動： https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_39518984/article/details/111867578?spm=1001.2014.3001.5501 （推薦）
- 與第二個安裝鏈接一起看：<bash: /usr/bin/nvidia-smi: No such file or directory>
成功解決問題的原因推測
因為nvidia525,515存在沖突或者損壞的包，所以此時換個其他版本的就好（感覺這種解決算折衷，不是個好方法）文章來源地址http://www.zghlxwxcb.cn/news/detail-493836.html
報錯記錄
- pk-client-error-quark the following packages have unmet dependencies libvidia-common-515-server:conflicts:libvidia-common linux-modules-nvidia-525-generic depends linux-modules-nvidia-525-5.15.0-60-generic(=5.15.0-60.66) but it is not going to be installes dependes nvidia-kernel-common-525(>=525.78.01)but 525.60.13-0ubuntu1 is to be installed (圖片錯誤，敲出來，便于百度。)
- Waiting for cache lock: Could not get lock /var/lib/dpkg/lock-frontend. It is held by process 4239 (aptd) (重啟電腦)
- Failed to initialize NVML: Driver/library version mismatch （得重新安裝nvidia驅(qū)動了，參考解決辦法：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_39518984/article/details/118105194；https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_39518984/article/details/111867578?spm=1001.2014.3001.5501）
到了這里，關(guān)于雙系統(tǒng)電腦從window切換到ubuntu，外接顯示屏用不了了（顯卡驅(qū)動問題，降低驅(qū)動解決）的文章就介紹完了。如果您還想了解更多內(nèi)容，請在右上角搜索TOY模板網(wǎng)以前的文章或繼續(xù)瀏覽下面的相關(guān)文章，希望大家以后多多支持TOY模板網(wǎng)！
