在Linux操作系統(tǒng)當(dāng)中,文件名不區(qū)分后綴,但經(jīng)常使用后綴來幫助用戶區(qū)分文件。
查看目錄下的文件
語法結(jié)構(gòu):ls 路徑
列出指定目錄下的內(nèi)容,該命令在沒有指定要列出哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)和參數(shù)的時(shí)候,默認(rèn)為列出當(dāng)前目錄下的內(nèi)容,一本都有默認(rèn)的(注:默認(rèn)的情況下不區(qū)分文件和目錄,注意,在linux操作系統(tǒng)當(dāng)中,一切皆文件)
[root@www /]# ls
afs bin boot dev etc home lib lib64 media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys test tmp usr var
[root@www /]#
[root@www /]# ls -a /tmp
. systemd-private-b63f183ed99a43a3b3eeec3046dab7f8-ModemManager.service-yGpp6O vmware-root_994-2991203045
.. systemd-private-b63f183ed99a43a3b3eeec3046dab7f8-power-profiles-daemon.service-jFfiRt .X0-lock
dbus-U5I0v2NMPT systemd-private-b63f183ed99a43a3b3eeec3046dab7f8-rtkit-daemon.service-RChtGY .X1024-lock
.font-unix systemd-private-b63f183ed99a43a3b3eeec3046dab7f8-switcheroo-control.service-N0ZtXS .X1025-lock
.ICE-unix systemd-private-b63f183ed99a43a3b3eeec3046dab7f8-systemd-logind.service-XfEnZ7 .X11-unix
systemd-private-b63f183ed99a43a3b3eeec3046dab7f8-bluetooth.service-N0VrDZ systemd-private-b63f183ed99a43a3b3eeec3046dab7f8-upower.service-1uJLhf .X1-lock
systemd-private-b63f183ed99a43a3b3eeec3046dab7f8-chronyd.service-5wcy5H vmware-root_988-2991203012 .XIM-unix
systemd-private-b63f183ed99a43a3b3eeec3046dab7f8-colord.service-I0xq1g vmware-root_990-2999657286
systemd-private-b63f183ed99a43a3b3eeec3046dab7f8-dbus-broker.service-IkiGq8 vmware-root_991-4248615064
[root@www /]#
ls -l:“l(fā)l” 是“l(fā)s -l” 的縮寫,直接用 “l(fā)l” 效果一樣,以長目錄的方式列出指定目錄內(nèi)容(長目錄會(huì)列出該目錄中所有文件的一些屬性,屬性中的時(shí)間是指mtime)
[root@www /]# ls -l
total 28
dr-xr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Aug 10 2021 afs
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 7 Aug 10 2021 bin -> usr/bin
dr-xr-xr-x. 5 root root 4096 Oct 30 19:16 boot
drwxr-xr-x. 20 root root 3380 Mar 5 22:20 dev
drwxr-xr-x. 132 root root 8192 Mar 6 20:19 etc
drwxr-xr-x. 4 root root 32 Mar 6 19:39 home
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 7 Aug 10 2021 lib -> usr/lib
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 9 Aug 10 2021 lib64 -> usr/lib64
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Aug 10 2021 media
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 18 Oct 30 19:03 mnt
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Aug 10 2021 opt
dr-xr-xr-x. 404 root root 0 Mar 5 22:20 proc
dr-xr-x---. 13 root root 4096 Mar 5 22:47 root
drwxr-xr-x. 43 root root 1160 Mar 5 22:20 run
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 8 Aug 10 2021 sbin -> usr/sbin
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Aug 10 2021 srv
dr-xr-xr-x. 13 root root 0 Mar 5 22:20 sys
drwxr-xr-x. 4 root root 24 Nov 11 21:29 test
drwxrwxrwt. 20 root root 4096 Mar 7 03:51 tmp
drwxr-xr-x. 12 root root 144 Oct 30 19:01 usr
drwxr-xr-x. 20 root root 4096 Oct 30 19:16 var
[root@www /]# ll
total 28
dr-xr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Aug 10 2021 afs
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 7 Aug 10 2021 bin -> usr/bin
dr-xr-xr-x. 5 root root 4096 Oct 30 19:16 boot
drwxr-xr-x. 20 root root 3380 Mar 5 22:20 dev
drwxr-xr-x. 132 root root 8192 Mar 6 20:19 etc
drwxr-xr-x. 4 root root 32 Mar 6 19:39 home
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 7 Aug 10 2021 lib -> usr/lib
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 9 Aug 10 2021 lib64 -> usr/lib64
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Aug 10 2021 media
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 18 Oct 30 19:03 mnt
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Aug 10 2021 opt
dr-xr-xr-x. 404 root root 0 Mar 5 22:20 proc
dr-xr-x---. 13 root root 4096 Mar 5 22:47 root
drwxr-xr-x. 43 root root 1160 Mar 5 22:20 run
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 8 Aug 10 2021 sbin -> usr/sbin
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Aug 10 2021 srv
dr-xr-xr-x. 13 root root 0 Mar 5 22:20 sys
drwxr-xr-x. 4 root root 24 Nov 11 21:29 test
drwxrwxrwt. 20 root root 4096 Mar 7 03:51 tmp
drwxr-xr-x. 12 root root 144 Oct 30 19:01 usr
drwxr-xr-x. 20 root root 4096 Oct 30 19:16 var
[root@www /]#
ls -a :列出指定目錄下所有文件,包括隱藏文件? “.”? 和 ? “點(diǎn)點(diǎn)” ?文件
注: 以 ?“.”? 開頭的文件,在linux操作系統(tǒng)中,表示隱藏文件,但真正要隱藏文件,并不推薦這種方法,因?yàn)檫@種隱藏文件的目的更多是用來不顯示一些不常用的文件和目錄管理
[root@www /]# ls -a
. .. afs bin boot dev etc .haha.swp home lib lib64 media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys test tmp usr var
[root@www /]#
ls -A 列出指定目錄下的所有文件,包括隱藏文件,但不包含 ? “.” ?文件和 ?“點(diǎn)點(diǎn)” ?文件
[root@www /]# ls -A
afs bin boot dev etc .haha.swp home lib lib64 media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys test tmp usr var
[root@www /]#
ls -lh -lh是-l和-h的配合使用,用來顯示文件的大小的單位(注:也可以寫成ls -hl)。
-h 智能顯示文件大小的單位,該選項(xiàng)的組合沒有先后順序,-lh和-hl效果一樣,但是 - 一定要在前面。
[root@www /]# dd if=/dev/zero of=haha bs=1M count=1000-----------------(創(chuàng)建一個(gè)1000M大小的文件)
1000+0 records in
1000+0 records out
1048576000 bytes (1.0 GB, 1000 MiB) copied, 2.85587 s, 367 MB/s
[root@www /]# ls -lh
total 1001M
dr-xr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Aug 10 2021 afs
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 7 Aug 10 2021 bin -> usr/bin
dr-xr-xr-x. 5 root root 4.0K Oct 30 19:16 boot
drwxr-xr-x. 20 root root 3.4K Mar 5 22:20 dev
drwxr-xr-x. 132 root root 8.0K Mar 6 20:19 etc
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1000M Mar 8 20:55 haha----------------(這里haha的文件大小為1000M)
drwxr-xr-x. 4 root root 32 Mar 6 19:39 home
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 7 Aug 10 2021 lib -> usr/lib
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 9 Aug 10 2021 lib64 -> usr/lib64
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Aug 10 2021 media
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 18 Oct 30 19:03 mnt
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Aug 10 2021 opt
dr-xr-xr-x. 406 root root 0 Mar 5 22:20 proc
dr-xr-x---. 13 root root 4.0K Mar 5 22:47 root
drwxr-xr-x. 43 root root 1.2K Mar 5 22:20 run
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 8 Aug 10 2021 sbin -> usr/sbin
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Aug 10 2021 srv
dr-xr-xr-x. 13 root root 0 Mar 5 22:20 sys
drwxr-xr-x. 4 root root 24 Nov 11 21:29 test
drwxrwxrwt. 20 root root 4.0K Mar 8 03:32 tmp
drwxr-xr-x. 12 root root 144 Oct 30 19:01 usr
drwxr-xr-x. 20 root root 4.0K Oct 30 19:16 var
[root@www /]#
[root@www /]# dd if=/dev/zero of=haha bs=1M count=2000-----------------(創(chuàng)建一個(gè)2000M大小的文件)
2000+0 records in
2000+0 records out
2097152000 bytes (2.1 GB, 2.0 GiB) copied, 4.70232 s, 446 MB/s
[root@www /]# ls -lh
total 2.0G
dr-xr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Aug 10 2021 afs
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 7 Aug 10 2021 bin -> usr/bin
dr-xr-xr-x. 5 root root 4.0K Oct 30 19:16 boot
drwxr-xr-x. 20 root root 3.4K Mar 5 22:20 dev
drwxr-xr-x. 132 root root 8.0K Mar 6 20:19 etc
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 2.0G Mar 8 20:59 haha----------------(這里haha的文件大小為2G)
drwxr-xr-x. 4 root root 32 Mar 6 19:39 home
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 7 Aug 10 2021 lib -> usr/lib
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 9 Aug 10 2021 lib64 -> usr/lib64
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Aug 10 2021 media
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 18 Oct 30 19:03 mnt
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Aug 10 2021 opt
dr-xr-xr-x. 403 root root 0 Mar 5 22:20 proc
dr-xr-x---. 13 root root 4.0K Mar 5 22:47 root
drwxr-xr-x. 43 root root 1.2K Mar 5 22:20 run
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 8 Aug 10 2021 sbin -> usr/sbin
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Aug 10 2021 srv
dr-xr-xr-x. 13 root root 0 Mar 5 22:20 sys
drwxr-xr-x. 4 root root 24 Nov 11 21:29 test
drwxrwxrwt. 20 root root 4.0K Mar 8 03:32 tmp
drwxr-xr-x. 12 root root 144 Oct 30 19:01 usr
drwxr-xr-x. 20 root root 4.0K Oct 30 19:16 var
[root@www /]#
根目錄文件
[root@www ~]# cd /---------------(切換到根目錄)
[root@www /]# ll
total 2048028
dr-xr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Aug 10 2021 afs
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 7 Aug 10 2021 bin -> usr/bin
dr-xr-xr-x. 5 root root 4096 Oct 30 19:16 boot
drwxr-xr-x. 20 root root 3380 Mar 5 22:20 dev
drwxr-xr-x. 132 root root 8192 Mar 6 20:19 etc
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 2097152000 Mar 8 20:59 haha-----(這個(gè)文件是上面為了測試你 -h 的作用是創(chuàng)建的)
drwxr-xr-x. 4 root root 32 Mar 6 19:39 home
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 7 Aug 10 2021 lib -> usr/lib
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 9 Aug 10 2021 lib64 -> usr/lib64
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Aug 10 2021 media
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 18 Oct 30 19:03 mnt
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Aug 10 2021 opt
dr-xr-xr-x. 403 root root 0 Mar 5 22:20 proc
dr-xr-x---. 13 root root 4096 Mar 5 22:47 root
drwxr-xr-x. 43 root root 1160 Mar 5 22:20 run
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 8 Aug 10 2021 sbin -> usr/sbin
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Aug 10 2021 srv
dr-xr-xr-x. 13 root root 0 Mar 5 22:20 sys
drwxr-xr-x. 4 root root 24 Nov 11 21:29 test
drwxrwxrwt. 20 root root 4096 Mar 8 03:32 tmp
drwxr-xr-x. 12 root root 144 Oct 30 19:01 usr
drwxr-xr-x. 20 root root 4096 Oct 30 19:16 var
[root@www /]#
根目錄下相關(guān)文件的解釋
bin文件:是一個(gè)可執(zhí)行文件
boot文件:屬于啟動(dòng)和引導(dǎo)系統(tǒng)的文件
dev文件:設(shè)備文件
home文件:所有普通用戶的家目錄
lib文件:32位的庫文件
lib64文件:64位的庫文件
media文件:多媒體文件
/proc:目錄中存放進(jìn)程的相關(guān)文件,數(shù)字是進(jìn)程的id
/run:服務(wù)進(jìn)程相關(guān)的文件
/sys:內(nèi)存中運(yùn)行的操作系統(tǒng)
sebin文件:存放只有超級(jí)管理員才能使用的命令或可執(zhí)行程序
srv文件:存放臨時(shí)文件的目錄,定期會(huì)被清理
/usr/share/doc/:存放所有已經(jīng)安裝的軟件的相關(guān)文檔,軟件名就是該目錄下的目錄名
/var:存放變化比較頻繁的文件,比如:日志,郵件,審計(jì)信息……
……文章來源:http://www.zghlxwxcb.cn/news/detail-491935.html
[root@www /]# ps -ef |grep 26----------------(查看含有26的進(jìn)程)
root 26 2 0 Mar05 ? 00:00:00 [kworker/2:0H-events_highpri]
root 92 2 0 Mar05 ? 00:00:00 [irq/26-pciehp]
root 126 2 0 Mar05 ? 00:00:00 [ipv6_addrconf]
root 267 2 0 Mar05 ? 00:00:00 [kworker/u257:0-hci0]
root 526 2 0 Mar05 ? 00:00:00 [scsi_tmf_17]
root 554 2 0 Mar05 ? 00:00:00 [scsi_eh_26]
root 555 2 0 Mar05 ? 00:00:00 [scsi_tmf_26]
root 826 1 0 Mar05 ? 00:00:00 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-udevd
root 2601 2595 0 Mar05 pts/0 00:00:00 -bash
root 2622 2 0 Mar05 ? 00:00:00 [kworker/2:2-cgwb_release]
root 3550 2601 0 Mar06 pts/0 00:00:00 su - redhat
haha 4126 3767 0 Mar06 ? 00:00:00 /usr/libexec/at-spi2-registryd --use-gnome-session
root 6826 2 0 21:11 ? 00:00:00 [kworker/1:0-events_freezable_power_]
root 6828 3579 0 21:15 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto 26
[root@www /]#
ps -ef |grep 26
ps -ef:表示打印所有進(jìn)程
grep:通過管道過濾出26的相關(guān)文件文章來源地址http://www.zghlxwxcb.cn/news/detail-491935.html
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