Centos 7 通過 targz 文件安裝 Elastic Search 服務(wù)

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區(qū)別于通過發(fā)行版自帶的倉庫, 介紹如何通過 targz 文件安裝 Elastic Search 服務(wù), 使用的 Linux 為 Centos 7

下載

https://www.elastic.co/downloads/elasticsearch

選擇 Linux x86_64, 下載 elasticsearch-8.8.0-linux-x86_64.tar.gz

安裝

解壓到 /opt/elasticsearch, 并加上軟鏈

tar xvf elasticsearch-8.8.0-linux-x86_64.tar.gz 

cd /opt/
sudo mkdir elasticsearch
cd elasticsearch/
sudo mv ~/backup/elasticsearch-8.8.0 .
sudo chown -R milton:milton elasticsearch-8.8.0/
sudo ln -s elasticsearch-8.8.0 latest

這個版本的 Elastic Search 自帶 JVM, 版本為 openjdk version "20.0.1" 2023-04-18

配置

可能需要修改的配置

# Use a descriptive name for your cluster:
#cluster.name: my-application
# Use a descriptive name for the node:
node.name: centos7001
# Add custom attributes to the node:
#node.attr.rack: r1
# Path to directory where to store the data (separate multiple locations by comma):
path.data: /home/milton/es_run/data
# Path to log files:
path.logs: /home/milton/es_run/logs
# By default Elasticsearch is only accessible on localhost. Set a different
# address here to expose this node on the network:
network.host: 192.168.9.10
# By default Elasticsearch listens for HTTP traffic on the first free port it
# finds starting at 9200. Set a specific HTTP port here:
#http.port: 9200
# Pass an initial list of hosts to perform discovery when this node is started:
# The default list of hosts is ["127.0.0.1", "[::1]"]
#discovery.seed_hosts: ["centos7001"]
# Bootstrap the cluster using an initial set of master-eligible nodes:
cluster.initial_master_nodes: ["centos7001"]
# For more information, consult the discovery and cluster formation module documentation.
# Allow wildcard deletion of indices:
#action.destructive_requires_name: false
xpack.security.enabled: false

cluster.name: my-application 集群名稱
node.name 要改成當前服務(wù)器的hostname
path.data: /somew/data 數(shù)據(jù)路徑
path.logs: /somewhere/logs 日志路徑
network.host: 192.168.123.123 監(jiān)聽的網(wǎng)口, 默認只監(jiān)聽127.0.0.1
http.port: 9200 監(jiān)聽的端口, 默認為9200
discovery.seed_hosts: ["192.168.123.123"] 集群主機列表, 和下面的cluster.initial_master_nodes必須寫一個, 不然啟動會報錯. 如果只是單節(jié)點, 這行可以注釋掉
cluster.initial_master_nodes: ["centos7001"] 啟動時初始化的參與選主的node 對應(yīng)的 hostname, 要能解析為IP

node.name 和 cluster.initial_master_nodes, 可以填I(lǐng)P也可以填hostname, 但是要一致

系統(tǒng)配置

以下的配置用于解決下面的問題

max file descriptors [4096] for elasticsearch process is too low, increase to at least [65535]
max virtual memory areas vm.max_map_count [65530] is too low, increase to at least [262144]
the default discovery settings are unsuitable for production use; at least one of [discovery.seed_hosts, discovery.seed_providers, cluster.initial_master_nodes] must be configured
Transport SSL must be enabled if security is enabled. Please set [xpack.security.transport.ssl.enabled] to [true] or disable security by setting [xpack.security.enabled] to [false]

1. max file descriptors 65535

修改/etc/security/limits.conf (或者 /etc/security/limits.d/20-nproc.conf), 增加或修改為以下內(nèi)容

*          soft    nofile    65535
*          hard    nofile    65535
*          soft    nproc     65535
*          hard    nproc     65535
root       soft    nproc     unlimited

需要重啟, 用 ulimit -n 檢查

2. vm.max_map_count 262144

修改/etc/sysctl.conf 或者 /etc/sysctl.d/99-sysctl.conf文件，增加或修改為以下內(nèi)容

vm.max_map_count=262144

3. the default discovery settings are unsuitable for production use

需要配置 discovery.seed_hosts，discovery.seed_providers，cluster.initial_master_nodes中的至少一個參數(shù)

discovery.seed_hosts: 集群主機列表
discovery.seed_providers: 基于配置文件配置集群主機列表
cluster.initial_master_nodes: 啟動時初始化的參與選主的node

修改配置文件 config/elasticsearch.yml, 配置以下兩項

discovery.seed_hosts: ["127.0.0.1"]
cluster.initial_master_nodes: ["node-1"]

4. Transport SSL must be enabled if security is enabled

修改配置文件 config/elasticsearch.yml, 增加

xpack.security.enabled: false

5. WARN: This node is a fully-formed single-node cluster

如果在日志中看到類似這樣的錯誤

[2023-06-09T07:29:43,781][WARN ][o.e.c.c.Coordinator      ] [centos7001] This node is a fully-formed single-node cluster with cluster UUID [6ejfGD71SVe6OpypK-1HmA], but it is configured as if to discover other nodes and form a multi-node cluster via the [discovery.seed_hosts=[192.168.123.123]] setting. Fully-formed clusters do not attempt to discover other nodes, and nodes with different cluster UUIDs cannot belong to the same cluster. The cluster UUID persists across restarts and can only be changed by deleting the contents of the node's data path(s). Remove the discovery configuration to suppress this message.

說明這是一個單節(jié)點的ES, 但是配置文件中配置其去發(fā)現(xiàn)另一個節(jié)點. 需要將 discovery.seed_hosts 中設(shè)置的節(jié)點去掉

運行

直接運行, 這樣會將日志直接輸出到控制臺

/opt/elasticsearch/latest/bin/elasticsearch

后臺運行, 在命令后加 -d -p pid-file, 在輸出一段控制臺日志后, 如果沒有報錯, 會轉(zhuǎn)入后臺運行

/opt/elasticsearch/latest/bin/elasticsearch -d -p /opt/elasticsearch/latest/logs/pid

停止

根據(jù)記錄的 pid 停止, 啟動時記錄用的哪個文件, 這里就用對應(yīng)的文件

pkill -F /opt/elasticsearch/latest/logs/pid

使用

ES與關(guān)系型數(shù)據(jù)庫的名詞對應(yīng)關(guān)系
Centos 7 通過 targz 文件安裝 Elastic Search 服務(wù)

服務(wù)檢查

瀏覽器打開 http://192.168.123.123:9200/ 能看到ES的輸出, 就說明運行成功

{
  "name" : "centos70",
  "cluster_name" : "elasticsearch",
  "cluster_uuid" : "_na_",
  "version" : {
    "number" : "8.8.0",
    "build_flavor" : "default",
    "build_type" : "tar",
    "build_hash" : "c01029875a091076ed42cdb3a41c10b1a9a5a22f",
    "build_date" : "2023-05-23T17:16:07.179039820Z",
    "build_snapshot" : false,
    "lucene_version" : "9.6.0",
    "minimum_wire_compatibility_version" : "7.17.0",
    "minimum_index_compatibility_version" : "7.0.0"
  },
  "tagline" : "You Know, for Search"
}

查詢集群運行狀況

curl -XGET "127.0.0.1:9200/_cat/health?v"

查詢集群所有索引

$ curl -XGET "192.168.123.123:9200/_cat/indices?v"
health status index        uuid                   pri rep docs.count docs.deleted store.size pri.store.size
yellow open   commodity002 XIrCTL_XQq2vteuEflY6vA   1   1          0            0       247b           247b
yellow open   commodity001 Z-LKjzsuR8uMLgVlYYALEw   1   1          0            0       247b           247b
yellow open   commodity004 sSxEiwNBSvernMH6EYsEvw   1   1          0            0       247b           247b
yellow open   commodity003 JSRUndkHQ8mQVdTkN9eCPw   1   1          0            0       247b           247b

按記錄數(shù)量排序, 字段可以從上面結(jié)果的表頭中取

curl -XGET "127.0.0.1:9200/_cat/indices?v&s=docs.count"

按存儲空間排序

curl -XGET "127.0.0.1:9200/_cat/indices?v&s=store.size"

創(chuàng)建索引

不帶參數(shù), ?pretty用于格式化響應(yīng)的json

curl -X PUT "localhost:9200/commodity?pretty"

帶參數(shù)

curl -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -X PUT 'http://192.168.123.123:9200/commodity007?pretty' \
--data '{
    "settings": {
        "number_of_shards": 3,
        "number_of_replicas": 2
    }
}'

帶索引字段,

curl -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -X PUT 'http://192.168.123.123:9200/commodity008?pretty' \
--data '{
  "settings": {
    "number_of_shards": 2,
    "number_of_replicas": 1
  },
  "mappings": {
    "properties": {
      "name":{
        "type": "text"
      },
      "studymodel":{
        "type": "keyword"
      },
      "price":{
        "type": "double"
      },
      "timestamp": {
         "type": "date",
         "format": "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss||yyyy-MM-dd||epoch_millis"
      },
      "pic":{
        "type":"text",
        "index": false
      }
    }
  }
}'

對于嵌套存在的字段, mappings是可以用層級的, 例如對 type1下的obj1的索引

{
  "mappings": {
    "type1": {
      "properties": {
        "obj1": {
          "type": "nested"
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

查看索引字段及設(shè)置

curl -X GET 'http://192.168.123.123:9200/commodity008?pretty'

往索引寫入內(nèi)容

通過路徑指定 _id = 1, 對同一個 _id可以再次調(diào)用進行更新, 結(jié)果中的_version會遞增

curl --location --request PUT 'http://192.168.123.123:9200/commodity008/_doc/1?pretty' \
--header 'Content-Type: application/json' \
--data '{
    "name": "commodity008001",
    "studymodel": "202306",
    "price": 123.12,
    "timestamp": "2023-05-25 19:11:35",
    "pic": "23/06/01/a123b1fde0428.jpg"
}'

查詢

可以通過URL路徑區(qū)分不同索引

/_search 所有索引
/commodity008/_search commodity008索引
/commodity007,commodity008/_search commodity007 和 commodity008
/commodity*/_search 以 commodity 開頭的索引

查詢所有索引下的內(nèi)容

curl -X GET 'http://192.168.123.123:9200/_search?pretty'

查詢一個索引下的內(nèi)容

curl -X GET 'http://192.168.123.123:9200/commodity008/_search?pretty'

帶條件查詢

curl -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -X GET 'http://192.168.9.10:9200/commodity008/_search?pretty=null' \
--data '{
    "query" : {
        "match" : {
            "name": "commodity008001"
        }
    }
}'

帶偏移和結(jié)果數(shù)量, 請求加上 from 和 size 參數(shù)

{
  "from":10,
  "size":20,
  "query":{
    "match_all": {}
  }
}

排序, 請求加上 sort 參數(shù)

{
  "sort":[{"year":"desc"}],
  "query":{
    "match_all": {}
  }
}

限制返回的字段, 請求加上 _source 字段文章來源地址http://www.zghlxwxcb.cn/news/detail-475856.html

{
  "_source":["title"],
  "query":{
    "match_all": {}
  }
}

結(jié)果格式

{
    "took": 422,
    "timed_out": false,
    "_shards": {
        "total": 2,
        "successful": 2,
        "skipped": 0,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "hits": {
        "total": {
            "value": 2,
            "relation": "eq"
        },
        "max_score": 1.0,
        "hits": [
            {
                "_index": "commodity008",
                "_id": "1",
                "_score": 1.0,
                "_source": {
                    "name": "commodity008001",
                    "studymodel": "202307",
                    "price": 123.53,
                    "timestamp": "2023-05-25 19:11:35",
                    "pic": "23/06/01/a123b1fde0428.jpg"
                }
            },
            ...
        ]
    }
}

參考

通過 targz 安裝 Elastic Search https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/targz.html

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