pip install -- user pygame

或者

conda install --user pygame

1.效果展示

先展示效果，消滅外星人，有三條命，按Q是退出全屏，空格鍵是子彈，按下play鍵開始游戲，擊敗外星人飛船會(huì)有積分加，三條命之后需要點(diǎn)擊play才能再次啟動(dòng)

2. 《外星人入侵》源代碼

外星人入侵小游戲文件排版如下，先創(chuàng)建這幾個(gè).py文件

2.1 image

文章來(lái)源地址http://www.zghlxwxcb.cn/news/detail-462776.html

2.2 alien_invasion.py

import sys
from time import sleep

import pygame

from settings import Settings
from ship import Ship
from bullet import Bullet
from alien import Alien
from game_stats import GameStats
from button import Button
from scoreboard import Scoreboard

class AlienInvasion:
    '''管理游戲資源和行為的類'''
    def __init__(self):
        '''初始化游戲并創(chuàng)建游戲資源'''
        pygame.init()
        self.settings = Settings()

        self.screen = pygame.display.set_mode((0,0),pygame.FULLSCREEN)
        self.settings.screen_width = self.screen.get_rect().width
        self.settings.screen_height = self.screen.get_rect().height
        pygame.display.set_caption('Alien Invasion')

        '''創(chuàng)建存儲(chǔ)游戲統(tǒng)計(jì)信息的實(shí)例'''
        '''并創(chuàng)建記分牌'''
        '''創(chuàng)建一個(gè)用于存儲(chǔ)游戲統(tǒng)計(jì)信息的實(shí)例'''
        self.stats =GameStats(self)
        self.sb = Scoreboard(self)

        self.ship =Ship(self)
        self.bullets = pygame.sprite.Group()
        self.aliens = pygame.sprite.Group()

        self._create_fleet()

        '''創(chuàng)建play按鈕'''
        self.play_button = Button(self,"Play")

        # '''設(shè)置背景色'''
        # self.bg_color = (self.settings.bg_color) cuowu

    def _ship_hit(self):
        '''響應(yīng)飛船被外星人撞到'''
        if self.stats.ships_left >0:
            '''將ship_left減1并更新記分牌'''
            self.stats.ships_left -= 1
            self.sb.prep_ships()

            '''清除余下的外星人和子彈'''
            self.aliens.empty()
            self.bullets.empty()

            '''創(chuàng)建一群新的外星人，并將飛船放到屏幕底端的中央'''
            self._create_fleet()
            self.ship.center_ship()

            '''暫停'''
            sleep(0.5)
        else:
            self.stats.game_active = False
            pygame.mouse.set_visible(True)

    def _create_fleet(self):
        '''創(chuàng)建外星人群'''
        '''創(chuàng)建一個(gè)外星人并計(jì)算一行可容納多少個(gè)外星人'''
        '''外星人的間距為外星人寬度'''
        alien = Alien(self)
        alien_width, alien_height = alien.rect.size
        available_space_x = self.settings.screen_width - (2 * alien_width)
        number_aliens_x = available_space_x // (2 * alien_width )

        '''計(jì)算屏幕可容納多少行外星人'''
        ship_height = self.ship.rect.height
        available_space_y = (self.settings.screen_height -
                             (3 * alien_height) - ship_height)
        number_rows = available_space_y // (2 * alien_height)

        '''創(chuàng)建外星人群'''
        for row_number in range(number_rows):
            '''創(chuàng)建第一行外星人'''
            for alien_number in range(number_aliens_x):
                self._create_alien(alien_number,row_number)

    def _create_alien(self,alien_number,row_number):
        '''創(chuàng)建一個(gè)外星人并將其加入當(dāng)前行'''
        alien = Alien(self)

        alien_width, alien_height =alien.rect.size
        alien.x = alien_width + 2 * alien_width * alien_number
        alien.rect.x = alien.x
        alien.rect.y =alien.rect.height + 2 * alien.rect.height * row_number
        self.aliens.add(alien)

    def run_game(self):
        '''開始游戲的主循環(huán)'''
        while True:
            '''監(jiān)視鍵盤和鼠標(biāo)事件'''
            self._check_events()

            if self.stats.game_active:
                '''調(diào)用飛船的方法'''
                self.ship.update()
                '''子彈更新'''
                self._update_bullets()
                '''讓外星人移動(dòng)'''
                self._update_aliens() #suojin+weizhi
            '''每次循環(huán)時(shí)都會(huì)重繪屏幕'''
            self._update_screen()


    def _check_fleet_edges(self):
        '''有外星人到達(dá)邊緣時(shí)采取相應(yīng)的措施'''
        for alien in self.aliens.sprites():
            if alien.check_edges():
                self._change_fleet_direction()
                break

    def _change_fleet_direction(self):
        '''將整群人外星人下一，并改變它們的方向'''
        for alien in self.aliens.sprites():
            alien.rect.y += self.settings.fleet_drop_speed
        self.settings.fleet_direction *= -1

    def _update_aliens(self):
        '''檢測(cè)是否有外星人位于屏幕邊緣，更新外星人群中所有外星人的位置'''
        self._check_fleet_edges()
        self.aliens.update()

        '''檢測(cè)外星人和飛船之間的碰撞'''
        if pygame.sprite.spritecollideany(self.ship, self.aliens):
            self._ship_hit()

        '''檢查是否有外星人到達(dá)了屏幕底端'''
        self._check_aliens_bottom() #suojin

    def _check_events(self):
        '''響應(yīng)按鍵和鼠標(biāo)事件'''
        for event in pygame.event.get():
            if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
                sys.exit()
            elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
                self._check_keydown_events(event)
            elif event.type == pygame.KEYUP:
                self._check_keyup_events(event)
            elif event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:
                mouse_pos = pygame.mouse.get_pos()
                self._check_play_button(mouse_pos)

    def _check_play_button(self,mouse_pos):
        '''在玩家單機(jī)play按鈕時(shí)開始新游戲'''
        button_clicked = self.play_button.rect.collidepoint(mouse_pos)
        if button_clicked and not self.stats.game_active:
            '''重置游戲設(shè)置'''
            self.settings.initialize_dynamic_settings()

            '''重置游戲統(tǒng)計(jì)信息'''
            self.stats.reset_stats()
            self.stats.game_active = True
            self.sb.prep_score()
            self.sb.prep_level()
            self.sb.prep_ships()

            '''清空余下的外星人和子彈'''
            self.aliens.empty()
            self.bullets.empty()

            '''創(chuàng)建一群新的外星人并讓飛船居中'''
            self._create_fleet()
            self.ship.center_ship()

            '''隱藏鼠標(biāo)光標(biāo)'''
            pygame.mouse.set_visible(False)

    def _check_aliens_bottom(self):
        '''檢查是否有外星人到達(dá)了屏幕底端'''
        screen_rect =self.screen.get_rect()
        for alien in self.aliens.sprites():
            if alien.rect.bottom >= screen_rect.bottom:
                '''像飛船被撞一樣處理'''
                self._ship_hit()
                break

    def _check_keydown_events(self,event):
        '''響應(yīng)按鍵'''
        if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
            '''向右移動(dòng)飛船'''
            self.ship.moving_right = True
        elif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
            '''向左移動(dòng)飛船'''
            self.ship.moving_left = True
        elif event.key == pygame.K_q:
            sys.exit()
        elif event.key == pygame.K_SPACE:
            self._fire_bullet()

    def _check_keyup_events(self,event):
        '''響應(yīng)松開'''
        if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
            self.ship.moving_right = False
        elif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
            self.ship.moving_left = False

    def _fire_bullet(self):
        '''創(chuàng)建一顆子彈，并將其加入編組bullets中'''
        if len(self.bullets) < self.settings.bullets_allowed:
            new_bullet = Bullet(self)
            self.bullets.add(new_bullet)

    def _update_bullets(self):
        '''更新子彈的位置并刪除消失的子彈'''
        '''更新子彈的位置'''
        self.bullets.update()
        '''刪除消失的子彈'''
        for bullet in self.bullets.copy():
            if bullet.rect.bottom <= 0:
                self.bullets.remove(bullet)

        self._check_bullet_alien_collisions()

    def _check_bullet_alien_collisions(self):
        '''檢查是否有子彈擊中了外星人
        如果是，就刪除相應(yīng)的子彈和外星人'''
        collisions = pygame.sprite.groupcollide(self.bullets, self.aliens, True,True)
        if collisions:
            for aliens in collisions.values():
                self.stats.score += self.settings.alien_points * len(aliens)
            self.sb.prep_score()
            self.sb.check_high_score()
        if not self.aliens:
            '''刪除現(xiàn)有的子彈并新建一群外星人'''
            self.bullets.empty()
            self._create_fleet()
            self.settings.increase_speed()

            '''提高等級(jí)'''
            self.stats.level += 1
            self.sb.prep_level()

    def _update_screen(self):
        '''更新屏幕上的圖像，并切換到新屏幕'''
        self.screen.fill(self.settings.bg_color)#loule settings.
        self.ship.blitme()
        for bullet in self.bullets.sprites():
            bullet.draw_bullet()
        self.aliens.draw(self.screen)

        '''顯示得分'''
        self.sb.show_score()

        '''如果游戲處于非活動(dòng)狀態(tài)，就繪制Play按鈕'''
        if not self.stats.game_active:
            self.play_button.draw_button()

        '''讓最近繪制的屏幕可見(jiàn)'''
        pygame.display.flip()

if __name__ == "__main__":
    '''創(chuàng)建游戲?qū)嵗⑦\(yùn)行游戲'''
    ai = AlienInvasion()
    ai.run_game()

2.3 alien.py

import pygame
from pygame.sprite import Sprite

class Alien(Sprite):
    '''表示單個(gè)外星人的類'''

    def __init__(self,ai_game):
        '''初始化外星人并設(shè)置其起始位置'''
        super().__init__()
        self.screen = ai_game.screen
        self.settings = ai_game.settings
        '''加載外星人圖像并設(shè)置其rect屬性'''
        self.image = pygame.image.load('image/alien.bmp')
        self.rect =self.image.get_rect()

        '''每個(gè)外星人最初都在屏幕左下角附近'''
        self.rect.x = self.rect.width
        self.rect.y = self.rect.height

        '''存儲(chǔ)外星人的精確水平位置'''
        self.x = float(self.rect.x)

    def check_edges(self):
        '''如果外星人位于屏幕邊緣，就返回True'''
        screen_rect = self.screen.get_rect()
        if self.rect.right >= screen_rect.right or self.rect.left <= 0:
            return True

    def update(self):
        '''向左或者向右移動(dòng)外星人'''
        self.x += (self.settings.alien_speed * self.settings.fleet_direction)

        # self.x += self.settings.alien_speed向右移動(dòng)外星人
        self.rect.x = self.x

2.4 bullet.py

import pygame
from pygame.sprite import Sprite

class Bullet(Sprite):
    '''管理飛船所發(fā)射子彈的類'''
    def __init__(self,ai_game):
        '''在飛船當(dāng)前位置創(chuàng)建一個(gè)子彈對(duì)象'''
        super().__init__()
        self.screen = ai_game.screen
        self.settings = ai_game.settings
        self.color =self.settings.bullet_color

        '''在（0，0）處創(chuàng)建一個(gè)表示子彈的矩形，在設(shè)置正確的位置'''
        self.rect =pygame.Rect(0,0,self.settings.bullet_width,
                               self.settings.bullet_height)
        self.rect.midtop =ai_game.ship.rect.midtop

        '''存儲(chǔ)用小數(shù)表示子彈位置'''
        self.y =float(self.rect.y)

    def update(self):
        '''向上移動(dòng)子彈'''
        '''更新表示子彈位置的小數(shù)值'''
        self.y -= self.settings.bullet_speed
        '''更新表示子彈的rect的位置'''
        self.rect.y = self.y

    def draw_bullet(self):
        '''在屏幕上繪制子彈'''
        pygame.draw.rect(self.screen, self.color, self.rect)

2.5 button.py

import pygame.font

class Button:

    def __init__(self,ai_game,msg):
        '''初始化按鈕的屬性'''
        self.screen = ai_game.screen
        self.screen_rect = self.screen.get_rect()

        '''設(shè)置按鈕的尺寸和其他屬性'''
        self.width, self.height = 200,50
        self.button_color = (0,255,0)
        self.text_color =(255,255,255)
        self.font = pygame.font.SysFont(None,48)

        '''創(chuàng)建按鈕的rect對(duì)象，并使其居中'''
        self.rect = pygame.Rect(0,0,self.width,self.height)
        self.rect.center = self.screen_rect.center

        '''按鈕的標(biāo)簽只需要?jiǎng)?chuàng)建一次'''
        self._prep_msg(msg)

    def _prep_msg(self,msg):
        '''將msg渲染為圖像，并使其在按鈕上居中'''
        self.msg_image = self.font.render(msg,True,self.text_color,self.button_color)
        self.msg_image_rect = self.msg_image.get_rect()
        self.msg_image_rect.center = self.rect.center

    def draw_button(self):
        '''繪制一個(gè)用顏色填充的按鈕，再繪制文本'''
        self.screen.fill(self.button_color, self.rect)
        self.screen.blit(self.msg_image,self.msg_image_rect)

2.6 game_stats.py

class GameStats:
    '''跟蹤游戲的統(tǒng)計(jì)信息'''

    def __init__(self,ai_game):
        '''初始化統(tǒng)計(jì)信息'''
        self.settings = ai_game.settings
        self.reset_stats()
        '''游戲剛啟動(dòng)時(shí)處于活動(dòng)狀態(tài)'''
        self.game_active = False
        '''任何情況下都不應(yīng)該重置最高得分'''
        self.high_score = 0

    def reset_stats(self):
        '''初始化在游戲運(yùn)行期間可能變化的統(tǒng)計(jì)信息'''
        self.ships_left = self.settings.ship_limit
        self.score = 0
        self.level = 1

2.7 scoreboarf.py

import pygame.font
from pygame.sprite import Group
from ship import Ship

class Scoreboard:
    '''顯示得分信息的類'''

    def __init__(self,ai_game):
        '''初始化顯示得分涉及的屬性'''
        self.ai_game = ai_game
        self.screen = ai_game.screen
        self.screen_rect = self.screen.get_rect()
        self.settings = ai_game.settings
        self.stats = ai_game.stats

        '''顯示得分信息時(shí)使用的字體設(shè)置'''
        self.text_color =  (30,30,30)
        self.font = pygame.font.SysFont(None,48)
        '''準(zhǔn)備包含最高得分和當(dāng)前得分的圖像'''
        self.prep_score()
        self.prep_ships()
        self.prep_high_score()
        self.prep_level()#cuowu

    def prep_ships(self):
        '''顯示還剩下多少艘飛船'''
        self.ships = Group()
        for ship_number in range(self.stats.ships_left): #cuowu
            ship =Ship(self.ai_game)
            ship.rect.x = 10 + ship_number * ship.rect.width
            ship.rect.y = 10
            self.ships.add(ship) #cuowu

    def prep_high_score(self):
        '''將最高得分轉(zhuǎn)換為渲染的圖像'''
        high_score =round(self.stats.high_score, -1)
        high_score_str = "{:,}".format(high_score)
        self.high_score_image = self.font.render(high_score_str,True,
                    self.text_color,self.settings.bg_color)

        '''將最高得分放在屏幕頂部中央'''
        self.high_score_rect = self.high_score_image.get_rect()
        self.high_score_rect.centerx = self.screen_rect.centerx
        self.high_score_rect.top = self.score_rect.top

    def prep_score(self):
        '''將得分轉(zhuǎn)換成一副渲染的圖像'''
        rounded_score = round(self.stats.score, -1)
        score_str ="{:,}".format(rounded_score)
        self.score_image =self.font.render(score_str,True,
                self.text_color,self.settings.bg_color)
        '''在屏幕右下顯示得分'''
        self.score_rect =self.score_image.get_rect()
        self.score_rect.right = self.screen_rect.right - 20
        self.score_rect.top = 20

    def show_score(self):
        '''在屏幕上顯示得分和等級(jí)和余下的飛船數(shù)'''
        self.screen.blit(self.score_image, self.score_rect)
        self.screen.blit(self.high_score_image, self.high_score_rect)
        self.screen.blit(self.level_image, self.level_rect )
        self.ships.draw(self.screen)

    def check_high_score(self):
        '''檢查是否誕生了新的最高得分'''
        if self.stats.score > self.stats.high_score:
            self.stats.high_score = self.stats.score
            self.prep_high_score()

    def prep_level(self):
        '''將等級(jí)轉(zhuǎn)化為渲染的圖像'''
        level_str = str(self.stats.level)
        self.level_image = self.font.render(level_str,True,
                self.text_color, self.settings.bg_color)

        '''將等級(jí)放在得分下面'''
        self.level_rect = self.level_image.get_rect()
        self.level_rect.right = self.score_rect.right
        self.level_rect.top = self.score_rect.bottom +10

2.8 settings.py

class Settings:
    '''存儲(chǔ)游戲《外星人入侵》中所有設(shè)置的類'''

    def __init__(self):
        '''初始化游戲的靜態(tài)設(shè)置'''
        '''屏幕設(shè)置'''
        self.screen_width = 1200
        self.screen_height =800
        self.bg_color = (230,230,230)

        self.ship_limit = 3

        self.bullet_width = 3
        self.bullet_height = 15
        self.bullet_color = (60, 60, 60)
        self.bullets_allowed = 3  # 設(shè)置存儲(chǔ)的最大子彈數(shù)為3

        self.fleet_drop_speed = 10
        '''加快游戲節(jié)奏的速度'''
        self.speedup_scale = 1.1

        self.score_scale = 1.5

        self.initialize_dynamic_settings()

        # '''設(shè)置飛船速度'''
        # self.ship_speed = 1.5
        # '''子彈設(shè)置'''
        # self.bullet_speed = 1.5
        # self.alien_speed = 1.0
        # '''fleet_direction為1表示向有意，-1表示向左移'''
        # self.fleet_direction = 1 cuowu



    def initialize_dynamic_settings(self):
        '''初始化隨游戲進(jìn)行而變化的設(shè)置'''
        self.ship_speed = 1.5
        self.bullet_speed =3.0
        self.alien_speed = 1.0
        '''fleet_direction為1表示向右，為-1表示向左'''
        self.fleet_direction = 1
        # '''計(jì)分'''
        self.alien_points = 50

    def increase_speed(self):
        '''提高速度設(shè)置和外星人分?jǐn)?shù)'''
        self.ship_speed *= self.speedup_scale
        self.bullet_speed *= self.speedup_scale
        self.alien_speed *= self.speedup_scale

        self.alien_points = int(self.alien_points * self.score_scale)
        # print(self.alien_points) cuowu

2.9 ship.py

import pygame
from pygame.sprite import Sprite

class Ship(Sprite):
    '''管理飛船的類'''

    def __init__(self,ai_game):
        '''初始化飛船并設(shè)置其初始化位置'''
        super().__init__()
        self.screen = ai_game.screen
        '''設(shè)置飛船速度'''
        self.settings = ai_game.settings

        self.screen_rect = ai_game.screen.get_rect()

        '''加載飛船圖像并獲取其外接矩陣'''
        self.image = pygame.image.load('image/ship.bmp')
        self.rect = self.image.get_rect()

        '''對(duì)于每艘新飛船，都將其放在屏幕底部的中央'''
        self.rect.midbottom = self.screen_rect.midbottom

        '''在飛船的屬性x中存儲(chǔ)小數(shù)值'''
        self.x = float(self.rect.x)

        '''移動(dòng)標(biāo)志'''
        self.moving_right = False
        self.moving_left = False

    def update(self):
        '''根據(jù)移動(dòng)標(biāo)志調(diào)整飛船的位置'''
        '''更新飛船而不是rect對(duì)象的值'''
        if self.moving_right and self.rect.right < self.screen_rect.right:
            self.x += self.settings.ship_speed
        if self.moving_left and self.rect.left > 0:
            self.x -= self.settings.ship_speed

        '''根據(jù)self.x更新rect對(duì)象'''
        self.rect.x = self.x

    def blitme(self):
        '''在指定位置繪制飛船'''
        self.screen.blit(self.image, self.rect)

    def center_ship(self):
        '''讓飛船在屏幕底端劇中'''
        self.rect.midbottom = self.screen_rect.midbottom
        self.x = float(self.rect.x)

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