帶填充紋理的堆疊圖是通過在原始堆疊圖的基礎(chǔ)上添加不同的紋理得到的，可以很好地解決由于 顏色區(qū)分不夠而導(dǎo)致的對象識別困難問題。
由于Matlab中未收錄提供填充紋理選項(xiàng)，因此需要大家自行設(shè)法解決。本博客介紹三種填充方法。
方法1：hatchfill2工具
MATLAB官網(wǎng)-Hatchfill2（Kesh Ikuma. Matlab Central, 2023）
1.1 案例1：柱狀圖填充
成圖如下：
MATLAB代碼如下：
clc
close all
clear
%% 基本設(shè)置
pathFigure= '.\Figures\' ;
%% Example 1：柱狀圖填充
figure(1);
h = bar(rand(3,4));
xlabel('Xlabel','fontsize',14,'FontName','Times New Roman','FontWeight','Bold')
ylabel('Ylabel','fontsize',14,'FontName','Times New Roman','FontWeight','Bold')
set(gca,'Layer','top','FontSize',14,'Fontname', 'Times New Roman');
str= strcat(pathFigure, "Figure1", '.tiff');
print(gcf, '-dtiff', '-r600', str);
figure(2);
hp = bar(rand(3,4));
xlabel('Xlabel','fontsize',14,'FontName','Times New Roman','FontWeight','Bold')
ylabel('Ylabel','fontsize',14,'FontName','Times New Roman','FontWeight','Bold')
set(gca,'Layer','top','FontSize',14,'Fontname', 'Times New Roman');
hatchfill2(hp(1),'single','HatchAngle',0);
hatchfill2(hp(2),'cross','HatchAngle',45);
hatchfill2(hp(3),'single','HatchAngle',90);
str= strcat(pathFigure, "Figure2", '.tiff');
print(gcf, '-dtiff', '-r600', str);
此外，也可以嘗試黑白配色（FaceColor設(shè)置為白色即可）：
1.2 案例2：餅圖填充
成圖如下：
MATLAB代碼如下：
clc
close all
clear
%% 基本設(shè)置
pathFigure= '.\Figures\' ;
%% Example 2：餅圖填充
figure(3);
colormap(cool(4));
h = pie(rand(4,1));
th = findobj(gca, 'Type', 'text');
set(th, 'FontName', 'Times New Roman', 'FontSize', 12)
hl = legend('Jan','Feb','Mar','Apr','May','Jun');
set(hl,'Box','off','Location','southOutside','NumColumns',3);
set(gca,'Layer','top','FontSize',14,'Fontname', 'Times New Roman');
str= strcat(pathFigure, "Figure3", '.tiff');
print(gcf, '-dtiff', '-r600', str);
figure(4);
colormap(cool(4));
hp = pie(rand(4,1));
hatchfill2(hp(1,1),'single','HatchAngle',0);
hatchfill2(hp(1,3),'cross','HatchAngle',45);
hatchfill2(hp(1,5),'single','HatchAngle',60);
hatchfill2(hp(1,7),'single','HatchAngle',90);
th = findobj(gca, 'Type', 'text');
set(th, 'FontName', 'Times New Roman', 'FontSize', 12)
hl = legend(hp(1, [1,3,5,7]),'Jan','Feb','Mar','Apr');
set(hl,'Box','off','Location','southOutside','NumColumns',3);
set(gca,'Layer','top','FontSize',14,'Fontname', 'Times New Roman');
str= strcat(pathFigure, "Figure4", '.tiff');
print(gcf, '-dtiff', '-r600', str);
方法2：applyhatch函數(shù)
Documentation of applyhatch
調(diào)用函數(shù)如下：
function applyhatch(h,patterns,colorlist)
% APPLYHATCH Apply hatched patterns to a figure
% APPLYHATCH(H,PATTERNS) creates a new figure from the figure H by
% replacing distinct colors in H with the black and white
% patterns in PATTERNS. The format for PATTERNS can be
% a string of the characters '/', '\', '|', '-', '+', 'x', '.'
% a cell array of matrices of zeros (white) and ones (black)
%
% APPLYHATCH(H,PATTERNS,COLORS) maps the colors in the n by 3
% matrix COLORS to PATTERNS. Each row of COLORS specifies an RGB
% color value.
%
% Note this function makes a bitmap image of H and so is limited
% to low-resolution, bitmap output.
%
% Example 1:
% bar(rand(3,4));
% applyhatch(gcf,'\-x.');
%
% Example 2:
% colormap(cool(6));
% pie(rand(6,1));
% legend('Jan','Feb','Mar','Apr','May','Jun');
% applyhatch(gcf,'|-+.\/',cool(6));
%
% See also: MAKEHATCH
% Copyright 2002-2009 The MathWorks, Inc.
oldppmode = get(h,'paperpositionmode'); % 文件位置模式
oldunits = get(h,'units');
set(h,'paperpositionmode','auto');
set(h,'units','pixels');
figsize = get(h,'position');
if nargin == 2
colorlist = [];
end
if verLessThan('matlab','8.4.0')
bits = hardcopy(h,'-dzbuffer','-r0');
else
bits = print(h,'-RGBImage','-r0');
end
set(h,'paperpositionmode',oldppmode);
bwidth = size(bits,2);
bheight = size(bits,1);
bsize = bwidth * bheight;
if ~isempty(colorlist)
colorlist = uint8(255*colorlist);
[colors,colori] = nextnonbw(0,colorlist,bits);
else
colors = (bits(:,:,1) ~= bits(:,:,2)) | ...
(bits(:,:,1) ~= bits(:,:,3));
end
pati = 1;
colorind = find(colors);
while ~isempty(colorind)
colorval(1) = bits(colorind(1));
colorval(2) = bits(colorind(1)+bsize);
colorval(3) = bits(colorind(1)+2*bsize);
if iscell(patterns)
pattern = patterns{pati};
elseif isa(patterns,'char')
pattern = makehatch(patterns(pati));
else
pattern = patterns;
end
pattern = uint8(255*(1-pattern));
pheight = size(pattern,2);
pwidth = size(pattern,1);
ratioh = ceil(bheight/pheight);
ratiow = ceil(bwidth/pwidth);
bigpattern = repmat(pattern,[ratioh ratiow]);
if ratioh*pheight > bheight
bigpattern(bheight+1:end,:) = [];
end
if ratiow*pwidth > bwidth
bigpattern(:,bwidth+1:end) = [];
end
bigpattern = repmat(bigpattern,[1 1 3]);
color = (bits(:,:,1) == colorval(1)) & ...
(bits(:,:,2) == colorval(2)) & ...
(bits(:,:,3) == colorval(3));
color = repmat(color,[1 1 3]);
bits(color) = bigpattern(color);
if ~isempty(colorlist)
[colors,colori] = nextnonbw(colori,colorlist,bits);
else
colors = (bits(:,:,1) ~= bits(:,:,2)) | ...
(bits(:,:,1) ~= bits(:,:,3));
end
colorind = find(colors);
pati = (pati + 1);
if pati > length(patterns)
pati = 1;
end
end
newfig = figure('units','pixels','visible','off');
imaxes = axes('parent',newfig,'units','pixels');
im = image(bits,'parent',imaxes);
fpos = get(newfig,'position');
set(newfig,'position',[fpos(1:2) figsize(3) figsize(4)+1]);
set(imaxes,'position',[0 0 figsize(3) figsize(4)+1],'visible','off');
set(newfig,'visible','on');
end
function [colors,out] = nextnonbw(ind,colorlist,bits)
out = ind+1;
colors = [];
while out <= size(colorlist,1)
if isequal(colorlist(out,:),[255 255 255]) | ...
isequal(colorlist(out,:),[0 0 0])
out = out+1;
else
colors = (colorlist(out,1) == bits(:,:,1)) & ...
(colorlist(out,2) == bits(:,:,2)) & ...
(colorlist(out,3) == bits(:,:,3));
return
end
end
end
function A = makehatch(hatch)
%MAKEHATCH Predefined hatch patterns
% MAKEHATCH(HATCH) returns a matrix with the hatch pattern for HATCH
% according to the following table:
% HATCH pattern
% ------- ---------
% / right-slanted lines
% \ left-slanted lines
% | vertical lines
% - horizontal lines
% + crossing vertical and horizontal lines
% x criss-crossing lines
% . single dots
%
% See also: APPLYHATCH
% Copyright 2002-2009 The MathWorks, Inc.
n = 6;
A=zeros(n);
switch (hatch)
case '/'
A = fliplr(eye(n));
case '\'
A = eye(n);
case '|'
A(:,1) = 1;
case '-'
A(1,:) = 1;
case '+'
A(:,1) = 1;
A(1,:) = 1;
case 'x'
A = eye(n) | fliplr(diag(ones(n-1,1),-1));
case '.'
A(1:2,1:2)=1;
otherwise
error(['Undefined hatch pattern "' hatch '".']);
end
end
2.1 案例1：柱狀圖填充
成圖如下：
MATLAB代碼如下：
clc
close all
clear
%% 基本設(shè)置
pathFigure= '.\Figures\' ;
%% Example 1:
figure(1);
h = bar(rand(3,4));
xlabel('Xlabel','fontsize',14,'FontName','Times New Roman','FontWeight','Bold')
ylabel('Ylabel','fontsize',14,'FontName','Times New Roman','FontWeight','Bold')
set(gca,'Layer','top','FontSize',14,'Fontname', 'Times New Roman');
str= strcat(pathFigure, "Figure1", '.tiff');
print(gcf, '-dtiff', '-r600', str);
applyhatch(gcf,'\-x.');
set(gca,'Layer','top','FontSize',14,'Fontname', 'Times New Roman');
str= strcat(pathFigure, "Figure2", '.tiff');
print(gcf, '-dtiff', '-r600', str);
2.2 案例2：餅圖填充
成圖如下：
MATLAB代碼如下：
clc
close all
clear
%% 基本設(shè)置
pathFigure= '.\Figures\' ;
%% Example 2:
figure(3);
colormap(cool(4));
h = pie(rand(4,1));
th = findobj(gca, 'Type', 'text');
set(th, 'FontName', 'Times New Roman', 'FontSize', 12)
hl = legend('Jan','Feb','Mar','Apr','May','Jun');
set(hl,'Box','off','Location','southOutside','NumColumns',3);
set(gca,'Layer','top','FontSize',14,'Fontname', 'Times New Roman');
str= strcat(pathFigure, "Figure3", '.tiff');
print(gcf, '-dtiff', '-r600', str);
applyhatch(gcf,'|-+.', cool(4));
set(gca,'Layer','top','FontSize',14,'Fontname', 'Times New Roman');
str= strcat(pathFigure, "Figure4", '.tiff');
print(gcf, '-dtiff', '-r600', str);
方法3： applyhatch_plusC函數(shù)
MATLAB官網(wǎng)-applyhatch_plusC函數(shù)
但是問題來了，在較新版本（如R2019a）的matlab中將applyhatch函數(shù)中用到的hardcopy函數(shù)去掉了，會(huì)提示 “未定義函數(shù)或變量 ‘hardcopy’”錯(cuò)誤。
一個(gè)簡單的解決方案是將以下代碼進(jìn)行替換：
bits = hardcopy(h,'-dzbuffer',['-r' num2str(dpi)]);
bits = print('-RGBImage');
但是最后的結(jié)果很差，圖像失真很嚴(yán)重，并且不能調(diào)整。因此并不建議用此函數(shù)。
3.1 案例1：柱狀圖填充
成圖如下：
MATLAB代碼如下：
clc
close all
clear
%% 基本設(shè)置
pathFigure= '.\Figures\' ;
% 圖片尺寸設(shè)置（單位：厘米）
% ----------------------------------------------
figureUnits = 'centimeters';
figureWidth = 35;
figureHeight = 30;
%% Example 1：柱狀圖填充
figureHandle = figure;
set(gcf, 'Units', figureUnits, 'Position', [0 0 figureWidth figureHeight]); % define the new figure dimensions
h = bar(rand(3,4));
xlabel('Xlabel','fontsize',14,'FontName','Times New Roman','FontWeight','Bold')
ylabel('Ylabel','fontsize',14,'FontName','Times New Roman','FontWeight','Bold')
set(gca,'Layer','top','FontSize',14,'Fontname', 'Times New Roman');
str= strcat(pathFigure, "Figure1", '.tiff');
print(gcf, '-dtiff', '-r600', str);
[im_hatch1,colorlist] = applyhatch_pluscolor(gcf,'\-x.',0,0,[],150);
str= strcat(pathFigure, "Figure2", '.tiff');
print(gcf, '-dtiff', '-r600', str);
3.2 案例2：餅圖填充
成圖如下：
MATLAB代碼如下：文章來源：http://www.zghlxwxcb.cn/news/detail-438710.html
clc
close all
clear
%% 基本設(shè)置
pathFigure= '.\Figures\' ;
% 圖片尺寸設(shè)置（單位：厘米）
% ----------------------------------------------
figureUnits = 'centimeters';
figureWidth = 35;
figureHeight = 30;
%% Example 2：餅圖填充
figureHandle = figure;
set(gcf, 'Units', figureUnits, 'Position', [0 0 figureWidth figureHeight]); % define the new figure dimensions
colormap(cool(6));
h = pie(rand(6,1));
th = findobj(gca, 'Type', 'text');
set(th, 'FontName', 'Times New Roman', 'FontSize', 12)
hl = legend('Jan','Feb','Mar','Apr','May','Jun');
set(hl,'Box','off','Location','southOutside','NumColumns',3);
set(gca,'Layer','top','FontSize',14,'Fontname', 'Times New Roman');
str= strcat(pathFigure, "Figure3", '.tiff');
print(gcf, '-dtiff', '-r600', str);
im_hatch2 = applyhatch_pluscolor(gcf,'|-.+\/',1,[1 1 0 1 0 0],cool(6),200,3,2);
str= strcat(pathFigure, "Figure4", '.tiff');
print(gcf, '-dtiff', '-r600', str);
參考
1.CSDN博客-matlab畫柱狀圖并填充
2.CSDN博客-matlab畫條紋填充（Hatched Fill）圖 填坑 applyhatch hardcopy文章來源地址http://www.zghlxwxcb.cn/news/detail-438710.html
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