一、靜態(tài)web服務(wù)器

靜態(tài)web法服務(wù)器：可為發(fā)出請(qǐng)求的瀏覽器提供靜態(tài)文檔的程序，平時(shí)上網(wǎng)瀏覽的頁面都是動(dòng)態(tài)的，而開發(fā)的是靜態(tài)的，頁面數(shù)據(jù)不會(huì)發(fā)生變化

搭建python自帶的靜態(tài)web服務(wù)器

• 命令：python3 -m http.server 端口號(hào)
  • -m：表示運(yùn)行包里面的模塊，執(zhí)行該命令需進(jìn)入指定靜態(tài)文件目錄，通過瀏覽器就能訪問對(duì)應(yīng)html文件
  • 端口號(hào)若不指定則默認(rèn)為8000

• 訪問：http://127.0.0.1:9000/

瀏覽器訪問搭建的靜態(tài)web服務(wù)器及其通信過程

二、靜態(tài)Web服務(wù)器-返回固定頁面數(shù)據(jù)?

靜態(tài)Web服務(wù)器實(shí)現(xiàn)步驟

1. 編寫TCP服務(wù)端程序
2. 獲取瀏覽器發(fā)送的http請(qǐng)求報(bào)文數(shù)據(jù)
3. 讀取固定數(shù)據(jù)，將頁面數(shù)據(jù)組裝為http響應(yīng)報(bào)文數(shù)據(jù)發(fā)送給瀏覽器
4. http響應(yīng)報(bào)文數(shù)據(jù)發(fā)送完后，關(guān)閉服務(wù)于客戶端的套接字

實(shí)現(xiàn)代碼?

import socket
if __name__ == '__main__':
    server_socket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)   # 創(chuàng)建TCP服務(wù)端套接字
    server_socket.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, True)   # 設(shè)置端口號(hào)復(fù)用，程序退出端口立即釋放
    server_socket.bind(('', 9000))   # 綁定端口號(hào)
    server_socket.listen(128)     # 設(shè)置監(jiān)聽
    while True:   # 循環(huán)接受客戶端的連接請(qǐng)求
        comm_socket, ip_port = server_socket.accept()   # 等待接受客戶端的連接請(qǐng)求
        recv_data = comm_socket.recv(4096)   # 獲取瀏覽器發(fā)送的http請(qǐng)求報(bào)文數(shù)據(jù)
        print('接收到的數(shù)據(jù)解碼后為:', recv_data.decode('utf-8'))
        with open('C:/Users/username/Desktop/ubuntu/file1/1.txt', 'rb') as file:
            file_data = file.read()    # 讀取文件數(shù)據(jù)
        response_line = "HTTP/1.1 200 OK  ?。?！\r\n"   # 響應(yīng)行
        response_header = "Server: PWS1.0  # 服務(wù)器名稱及版本\r\n"   # 響應(yīng)頭
        response_body = file_data    # 響應(yīng)體
        response_data = (response_line + response_header + '\r\n').encode('utf-8') + response_body   # 將數(shù)據(jù)組裝成HTTP響應(yīng)報(bào)文數(shù)據(jù)發(fā)送給瀏覽器
        comm_socket.send(response_data)   # 發(fā)送響應(yīng)報(bào)文數(shù)據(jù)至瀏覽器
        comm_socket.close()    # 關(guān)閉服務(wù)于客戶端的套接字

輸出如下

瀏覽器刷新后輸出：
接收到的數(shù)據(jù)解碼后為: GET /file1/1.txt HTTP/1.1
Host: 127.0.0.1:9000
Connection: keep-alive
Cache-Control: max-age=0
sec-ch-ua: "Google Chrome";v="105", "Not)A;Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="105"
sec-ch-ua-mobile: ?0
sec-ch-ua-platform: "Windows"
Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/105.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.9
Sec-Fetch-Site: none
Sec-Fetch-Mode: navigate
Sec-Fetch-User: ?1
Sec-Fetch-Dest: document
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, br
Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.9
Cookie: csrftoken=1wb7v0r0BQuokJCxRS4JAO2XApvrHXFP90t2PiYb0mz7AwWS0NoKTi0zNaIjOfTl; Hm_lvt_18f619820855042bca58b32408f44de7=1658219884
If-Modified-Since: Sat, 15 Oct 2022 02:36:31 GMT

瀏覽器響應(yīng)如下?

三、靜態(tài)Web服務(wù)器-返回指定頁面數(shù)據(jù)

實(shí)現(xiàn)步驟

1. 獲取用戶請(qǐng)求資源路徑
2. 根據(jù)路徑讀取指定文件數(shù)據(jù)
3. 將指定文件數(shù)據(jù)組裝為響應(yīng)報(bào)文，發(fā)送給瀏覽器
4. 判斷請(qǐng)求文件在服務(wù)端不存在，組裝404狀態(tài)響應(yīng)報(bào)文，發(fā)送給瀏覽器

代碼實(shí)現(xiàn)

import socket
def main():
    server_socket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)   # 創(chuàng)建TCP服務(wù)端套接字
    server_socket.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, True)   # 設(shè)置端口號(hào)復(fù)用，程序退出端口立即釋放
    server_socket.bind(("", 9000))   # 綁定端口號(hào)
    server_socket.listen(128)   # 設(shè)置監(jiān)聽
    while True:
        comm_socket, ip_port = server_socket.accept()   # 等待接收客戶端連接請(qǐng)求
        recv_data = comm_socket.recv(4096)   # 接收請(qǐng)求的二進(jìn)制數(shù)據(jù)
        if len(recv_data) == 0 :
            print('未獲取到請(qǐng)求數(shù)據(jù)！')
            comm_socket.close()
            return
        recv_content = recv_data.decode('utf-8')   # 對(duì)二進(jìn)制數(shù)據(jù)解碼
        print('獲取到的數(shù)據(jù)內(nèi)容為：', recv_content)
        request_list = recv_content.split(" ", maxsplit=2)  # 根據(jù)指定字符串進(jìn)行分割，最大分割次數(shù)為2
        request_path = request_list[1]  # 獲取請(qǐng)求資源路徑
        print('請(qǐng)求路徑為：', request_path)
        if request_path == "/":   # 判斷請(qǐng)求的是否是根目錄，若是則返回首頁指定數(shù)據(jù)
            request_path = "/index.html"
        try:
            with open('C:/Users/username/Desktop/ubuntu' + request_path, 'rb') as file:    # 動(dòng)態(tài)打開指定文件
                file_data = file.read()   # 讀取指定文件數(shù)據(jù)
        except Exception as e:   # 請(qǐng)求異常，資源不存在，返回指定404錯(cuò)誤數(shù)據(jù)
            with open('C:/Users/username/Desktop/ubuntu/error.html', 'rb') as file:   # 打開指定錯(cuò)誤文件
                error_data = file.read()   # 讀取指定錯(cuò)誤數(shù)據(jù)
            response_line = "HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found??！\r\n"    # 響應(yīng)行
            response_header = "Server: PWS1.0 服務(wù)器名稱及版本……\r\n"   # 響應(yīng)頭
            response_body = error_data   # 響應(yīng)體
            response_data = (response_line + response_header + '\r\n').encode('utf-8') + response_body   # 拼接響應(yīng)報(bào)文
            comm_socket.send(response_data)   # 發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù)給瀏覽器
        else:
            response_line = "HTTP/1.1 200 OK # 成功??！\r\n"
            response_header = "Server: PWS1.0 # 服務(wù)器名稱版本！\r\n"
            response_body = file_data
            response_data = (response_line + response_header + '\r\n').encode('utf-8') + response_body
            comm_socket.send(response_data)
        finally:
            comm_socket.close()   # 關(guān)閉服務(wù)于客戶端的套接字
if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

輸出如下

404錯(cuò)誤輸出：
獲取到的數(shù)據(jù)內(nèi)容為： GET /ab.txt HTTP/1.1
Host: 127.0.0.1:9000
Connection: keep-alive
Cache-Control: max-age=0
sec-ch-ua: "Google Chrome";v="105", "Not)A;Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="105"
sec-ch-ua-mobile: ?0
sec-ch-ua-platform: "Windows"
Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/105.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.9
Sec-Fetch-Site: none
Sec-Fetch-Mode: navigate
Sec-Fetch-User: ?1
Sec-Fetch-Dest: document
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, br
Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.9
Cookie: csrftoken=1wb7v0r0BQuokJCxRS4JAO2XApvrHXFP90t2PiYb0mz7AwWS0NoKTi0zNaIjOfTl; Hm_lvt_18f619820855042bca58b32408f44de7=1658219884


請(qǐng)求路徑為： /ab.txt
未獲取到請(qǐng)求數(shù)據(jù)！

正確響應(yīng)輸出:
獲取到的數(shù)據(jù)內(nèi)容為： GET /index.html HTTP/1.1
Host: 127.0.0.1:9000
Connection: keep-alive
……  
…… # 中間部分同錯(cuò)誤輸出


請(qǐng)求路徑為： /index.html
未獲取到請(qǐng)求數(shù)據(jù)！

錯(cuò)誤響應(yīng)

正確響應(yīng)

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