模型表:
from django.db import models
# Create your models here.
class StudentModel(models.Model):
id = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
name = models.CharField(max_length=32,verbose_name='姓名')
age = models.SmallIntegerField(verbose_name='年齡')
class_mate_f = models.ForeignKey(to='ClassMateModel',on_delete=models.SET_NULL,null=True,
related_name='students',related_query_name='students',db_constraint=False)
class ClassMateModel(models.Model):
id = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
name = models.CharField(max_length=64,verbose_name='班級名')
class ClassMateDetail(models.Model):
id = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
address = models.CharField(max_length=32,verbose_name='地址')
class_mate_f = models.ForeignKey(to='ClassMateModel',on_delete=models.CASCADE,null=True,
related_name='detail',related_query_name='detail',db_constraint=False)
class TeacherModel(models.Model):
id = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
name = models.CharField(max_length=32,verbose_name='姓名')
age = models.SmallIntegerField(verbose_name='年齡')
phone = models.CharField(max_length=13,verbose_name='手機號碼')
class_mate_f = models.ManyToManyField(to='ClassMateModel',null=True,
related_name='teachers',related_query_name='teachers',db_constraint=False)
#通過其他三張表的related_name 后,ClassMateModel就多了三個虛擬字段:students,teachers,detail
一、外鍵在的一方
1、方式一:通過source來獲取指定字段數(shù)據(jù) 【一對多和一對一的】
1.1、一對多 外鍵方
序列化器:
class StudentModelSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
class_mate_pk = serializers.CharField(source='class_mate_f.id')
class_mate_name = serializers.CharField(source='class_mate_f.name')
class Meta:
model = models.StudentModel
fields = ['id','name','class_mate_pk','age','class_mate_name']
視圖函數(shù):
#學生創(chuàng)建
class StudentGenericAPIView(GenericAPIView):
authentication_classes = []
queryset = models.StudentModel.objects.all()
serializer_class = serializer.StudentModelSerializer
def get(self,request):
ser = self.get_serializer(instance = self.get_queryset(),many=True)
return Response({'code':200,'data':ser.data})
1.2、多對多 外鍵方 【不適應】
2、方式二:通過外鍵=序列化類() 【適用所有關系】
2.1、多對多:外鍵在這里
序列化器:
class ClassMateForTeacherModelSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = models.ClassMateModel
fields = ['id','name']
class TeacherModelSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
class_mate_f = ClassMateForTeacherModelSerializer(many=True)
class Meta:
model = models.TeacherModel
fields = ['id','name','age','phone','class_mate_f']
視圖類:
class TeacherGenericAPIView(GenericAPIView):
queryset = models.TeacherModel.objects.all()
serializer_class = serializer.TeacherModelSerializer
def get(self,request):
ser = self.get_serializer(instance = self.get_queryset(),many=True)
return Response({'code':200,'data':ser.data})
2.2、一對多,外鍵方 【學生表,嵌套班級】
序列化器:
class ClassMateForStudentModelSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = models.ClassMateModel
fields = ['id','name']
class StudentModelSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
class_mate_f = ClassMateForStudentModelSerializer(read_only=True)
class Meta:
model = models.StudentModel
fields = ['id','name','class_mate_f','age']
視圖:
class StudentGenericAPIView(GenericAPIView):
authentication_classes = []
queryset = models.StudentModel.objects.all()
serializer_class = serializer.StudentModelSerializer
def get(self,request):
ser = self.get_serializer(instance = self.get_queryset(),many=True)
return Response({'code':200,'data':ser.data})
3、方式三:通過depth 【適用所有關系】
起始表–外鍵-------------> 表1-外鍵--------------> 表2–外鍵------------->表3
這樣,depth=4 ,會一直追蹤外鍵,直達表中沒有外鍵字段。
3.1、一對多:學生表- -外鍵----->班級表
#序列化器
class StudentModelSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = models.StudentModel
fields = ['id','name','class_mate_f','age']
depth = 2 #等于表數(shù)
#視圖
class StudentGenericAPIView(GenericAPIView):
authentication_classes = []
queryset = models.StudentModel.objects.all()
serializer_class = serializer.StudentModelSerializer
def get(self,request):
ser = self.get_serializer(instance = self.get_queryset(),many=True)
return Response({'code':200,'data':ser.data})
3.2、多對多:老師-外鍵------->班級
#序列化器
class TeacherModelSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
# class_mate_f = ClassMateForTeacherModelSerializer(many=True,read_only=True)
class Meta:
model = models.TeacherModel
fields = ['id','name','age','phone','class_mate_f']
depth =2 #涉及到的表數(shù)量
#視圖
class TeacherGenericAPIView(GenericAPIView):
queryset = models.TeacherModel.objects.all()
serializer_class = serializer.TeacherModelSerializer
def get(self,request):
ser = self.get_serializer(instance = self.get_queryset(),many=True)
return Response({'code':200,'data':ser.data})
二、外鍵不在的一方[查詢班級為例子]
【只能使用序列化器嵌套的方式】
注意:反向查詢,都是通過反向查詢字段=序列化器(many=True)
在這四張表中:ClassMateModel是沒有一個外鍵字段,但是其他三張表都有ClassMateModel外鍵,
通過related_name, 在子查詢時,就可以通過設置好的名字進行跨表,而且也查詢結果是多個時也不需要使用_set了;
query_related_name 在聯(lián)表查詢時,通過設置好的名字進行跨表操作。
在查詢班級信息時,需要班級詳情信息、學生信息、老師信息;下面通過序列化器嵌套來實現(xiàn)
視圖:
class ClassMateGenericAPIView(GenericAPIView):
authentication_classes = []
queryset = models.ClassMateModel.objects.all()
serializer_class = serializer.ClassMateModelSerializer
def get(self,request):
ser = self.get_serializer(instance = self.get_queryset(),many=True)
return Response({'code':200,'data':ser.data})
序列化器:文章來源:http://www.zghlxwxcb.cn/news/detail-430220.html
#老師
class TeacherForClassMateMdoelserializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = models.TeacherModel
fields = ['id','name','phone']
#班級詳情
class ClassDetailForClassMateModelSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = models.ClassMateDetail
fields =['address']
#學生
class StudentForClassMate(serializers.ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = models.StudentModel
fields = ['name','age']
#班級
class ClassMateModelSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
teachers = TeacherForClassMateMdoelserializer(many=True,read_only=True)
detail = ClassDetailForClassMateModelSerializer(many=True,read_only=True)
students = StudentForClassMate(many=True,read_only=True)
class Meta:
model = models.ClassMateModel
fields =['id','name','teachers','students','detail']
extra_kwargs = {
'id':{'read_only':True},
'teachers':{'read_only':True},
'detail':{'read_only':True},
'students':{'read_only':True},
}
總結
1、通過related_name , ClassMateModel 相當于多了,students、teachers和detail 三個字段。
2、使用這三個字段來接收序列器對象,就可以實現(xiàn)序列化嵌套了。
3、注意,在實例化序列化器時,必須帶上many=True 不然會報錯?!疽驗橥怄I不在當前模型類中,所有可能會有多個數(shù)據(jù),即使是一對一的關系表,也要加many=true】
4、加上read_only=True ,不參與到反序列化中。如果該序列化器不參與反序列就無須寫。
總結
1、通過related_name , ClassMateModel 相當于多了,students、teachers和detail 三個字段。
2、使用這三個字段來接收序列器對象,就可以實現(xiàn)序列化嵌套了。
3、注意,在實例化序列化器時,必須帶上many=True 不然會報錯?!疽驗橥怄I不在當前模型類中,所有可能會有多個數(shù)據(jù),即使是一對一的關系表,也要加many=true】
4、加上read_only=True ,不參與到反序列化中。如果該序列化器不參與反序列就無須寫。文章來源地址http://www.zghlxwxcb.cn/news/detail-430220.html
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