1. 什么是 ElasticSearch 的 multi_match 查詢？

有時(shí)用戶需要在多個(gè)字段中查詢關(guān)鍵詞，除了使用布爾查詢封裝多個(gè)match查詢之外，可替代的方案是使用multi_match?？梢栽趍ulti_match的query子句中組織數(shù)據(jù)匹配規(guī)則，并在fields子句中指定需要搜索的字段列表。

以下是一個(gè)示例multi-match查詢的語(yǔ)法：

{
  "query": {
    "multi_match": {
      "query": "搜索文本",
      "fields": ["字段1", "字段2", "字段3"]
    }
  }
}

在上面的查詢中，我們指定了要搜索的文本和要搜索的字段列表。ElasticSearch將搜索所有指定的字段，并將它們合并為一個(gè)結(jié)果集。

2. 如何在 multi_match 查詢中指定查詢字段？

在 Elasticsearch 的 multi_match 查詢中，可以使用 “fields” 參數(shù)來(lái)指定要查詢的字段。該參數(shù)接受一個(gè)數(shù)組，其中包含要查詢的字段名稱。

① 構(gòu)造數(shù)據(jù)：

PUT /my_index
{
  "mappings": {
    "properties": {
      "title":{
        "type": "text"
      },
      "content":{
        "type": "text"
      }
    }
  }
}

PUT /my_index/_doc/1
{
  "title": "Jindu Fashion Couple Romantic Theme Hotel",
  "content": "Qingdao City"
}

PUT /my_index/_doc/2
{
  "title": "Jindu Jiayi Holiday Inn",
  "content": "Beijing City"
}

PUT /my_index/_doc/3
{
  "title": "Jindu Xinxin 24 hour Hotel",
  "content": "Huaibei City"
}

② 以下查詢將在 “title” 和 “content” 字段中搜索包含 “Beijing” 和 “Xinxin” 的文檔：

{
  "query": {
    "multi_match": {
      "query": "Beijing Xinxin",
      "fields": ["title", "content"]
    }
  }
}

如果未指定 “fields” 參數(shù)，則默認(rèn)情況下將在所有字段中搜索。

{
  "took" : 0,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 1,
    "successful" : 1,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : {
      "value" : 2,
      "relation" : "eq"
    },
    "max_score" : 0.9808292,
    "hits" : [
      {
        "_index" : "my_index",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "2",
        "_score" : 0.9808292,
        "_source" : {
          "title" : "Jindu Jiayi Holiday Inn",
          "content" : "Beijing City"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "my_index",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "3",
        "_score" : 0.9808292,
        "_source" : {
          "title" : "Jindu Xinxin 24 hour Hotel",
          "content" : "Huaibei City"
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

3. 如何在 multi_match 查詢中指定查詢權(quán)重？

在 Elasticsearch 的 multi_match 查詢中，可以使用 “fields” 參數(shù)來(lái)指定要搜索的字段，并使用 “^” 符號(hào)來(lái)指定每個(gè)字段的權(quán)重。

例如：“title” 的權(quán)重為 5，“content” 的權(quán)重為 2。文章來(lái)源地址http://www.zghlxwxcb.cn/news/detail-420555.html

GET /my_index/_search
{
  "query": {
    "multi_match": {
      "query": "Beijing Xinxin",
      "fields": ["title^5","content^2"]
    }
  }
}

{
  "took" : 1,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 1,
    "successful" : 1,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : {
      "value" : 2,
      "relation" : "eq"
    },
    "max_score" : 4.904146,
    "hits" : [
      {
        "_index" : "my_index",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "3",
        "_score" : 4.904146,
        "_source" : {
          "title" : "Jindu Xinxin 24 hour Hotel",
          "content" : "Huaibei City"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "my_index",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "2",
        "_score" : 1.9616584,
        "_source" : {
          "title" : "Jindu Jiayi Holiday Inn",
          "content" : "Beijing City"
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

4. SpringBoot整合ES實(shí)現(xiàn) multi_match 查詢

@Slf4j
@Service
public class ElasticSearchImpl {

    @Autowired
    private RestHighLevelClient restHighLevelClient;

    public void searchUser() throws IOException {
        SearchSourceBuilder searchSourceBuilder = new SearchSourceBuilder();

        MultiMatchQueryBuilder multiMatchQueryBuilder = QueryBuilders.multiMatchQuery("Beijing Xinxin", "title", "content");
        searchSourceBuilder.query(multiMatchQueryBuilder);

        SearchRequest searchRequest = new SearchRequest(new String[]{"hotel"},searchSourceBuilder);
        SearchResponse searchResponse = restHighLevelClient.search(searchRequest, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
        System.out.println(searchResponse);
    }
}

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