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作者：Evelyn Yao 清華大學(xué)本科在讀

編者按

在“Operations Research近期論文精選”中，我們有主題、有針對(duì)性地選擇了Operations Research中一些有趣的文章，不僅對(duì)文章的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行了概括與點(diǎn)評(píng)，而且也對(duì)文章的結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行了梳理，旨在激發(fā)廣大讀者的閱讀興趣與探索熱情。在本期“論文精選”中，我們以“零售業(yè)的未來”為主題，分別探究了自動(dòng)駕駛的無人零售車配送時(shí)的路徑規(guī)劃問題、在線零售時(shí)的減緩延遲問題和易腐壞物品的庫(kù)存管理問題，涉及排隊(duì)系統(tǒng)、統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)、馬爾可夫決策過程等諸多知識(shí)。

推薦文章1

發(fā)表時(shí)間：2022.12.1

●?題目：Stall Economy: The Value of Mobility in Retail on Wheels

攤位經(jīng)濟(jì)：零售車移動(dòng)性的價(jià)值

●?期刊：Operations Research

●?原文鏈接：https://doi.org/10.1287/opre.2022.2404

●?作者：Junyu Cao, Wei Qi

●?關(guān)鍵詞：stall economy（攤位經(jīng)濟(jì)） ? mobile retail（移動(dòng)零售） ? self-driving（自動(dòng)駕駛） ? rendezvous problem （匯合問題）? spatial queues（空間排隊(duì)）

●?摘要：

Urban open space emerges as a new territory to embrace retail innovations. Selling products in public spaces with wheeled stalls can potentially become ubiquitous in our future cities. Transition into such a “stall economy” paradigm is being spurred by the rapidly advancing self-driving technologies. Motivated by this transformation, this paper provides models, theory, and insights of spatial queueing systems, in which one server moves around to meet mobile customers/machines and in which the “l(fā)ast 100 meters” are expensive. Specifically, we study two service modes: (i) on-demand, first come, first served and (ii) spatially and temporally pooling customer demands. In each mode, we derive the dependence of customer waiting and stall repositioning on two key decisions: the service zone size and the walking distance imposed on customers to meet a stall. In particular, for the on-demand mode, we propose and solve a “rendezvous problem” to analytically characterize the spatial distribution of the stall-customer meeting locations. We also propose a stylized joint truck-stall routing model to capture the inventory replenishment operations. Our main finding is that the stall economy potentially profits more than stationary retail, not only because of the mobility of stalls for providing proximity to customers, but also because of its operational flexibilities that allow for avoiding the “l(fā)ast 100 meters” and pooling demands. In a broader sense, this work looks toward an expanded scope of future retail empowered by self-driving technologies.

城市開放空間正逐漸成為擁抱零售業(yè)創(chuàng)新的新領(lǐng)域。使用零售車在城市公共空間銷售產(chǎn)品也很可能成為我們未來城市的普遍現(xiàn)象。迅速發(fā)展的自動(dòng)駕駛技術(shù)推動(dòng)著我們向“攤位經(jīng)濟(jì)”的過渡，而在這種轉(zhuǎn)變的激勵(lì)下，本文針對(duì)移動(dòng)零售車的 "最后100米 "問題提供了空間排隊(duì)系統(tǒng)的模型、理論和見解。具體來說，我們研究了兩種服務(wù)模式：（i）按需服務(wù)，先到先得；（ii）空間和時(shí)間上的客戶需求集合。在每一種模式中，我們都推導(dǎo)出了顧客等待時(shí)間和零售車重定位消耗對(duì)于服務(wù)區(qū)大小和顧客行走距離的依賴性。特別是對(duì)于按需服務(wù)模式，我們提出并解決了一個(gè) "匯合問題"，以分析零售車和顧客匯合地點(diǎn)的空間分布特征。我們還提出了一個(gè)庫(kù)存車和零售車的聯(lián)合模型，以捕捉庫(kù)存補(bǔ)貨操作。我們的主要發(fā)現(xiàn)是，攤位經(jīng)濟(jì)有可能比固定的零售業(yè)獲得更多的利潤(rùn)，這不僅是因?yàn)閿偽坏牧鲃?dòng)性為顧客提供了近距離的服務(wù)，而且還因?yàn)槠洳僮鞯撵`活性，可以避免 "最后100米 "的昂貴花費(fèi)。在更廣泛的意義上，這項(xiàng)工作著眼于擴(kuò)展由自動(dòng)駕駛技術(shù)授權(quán)的未來零售業(yè)的范圍。

●?文章結(jié)構(gòu)：

●?點(diǎn)評(píng)：

這篇文章研究無人零售車“最后一公里”配送時(shí)的路徑規(guī)劃問題，選題特別新穎。在文章的核心部分中，作者提出了一個(gè)十分漂亮的magnet rule，并利用它得到了一種特定的匯合點(diǎn)分布。在文章的section 5.1部分，也把magnet rule 和其他的規(guī)則進(jìn)行了比較（比如straight-ahead rule和two-location clairvoyant等），綜合考量得到它是一種十分有效率的規(guī)則。在小編與作者交流的過程中，作者提到，在他看來magnet rule的提出是整篇文章最具創(chuàng)造力的地方，不僅如此，作者也希望自己的文章能為大家?guī)硪恍﹩l(fā)和新的想法，一起應(yīng)用理論提高效率，并通過對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)問題的探究反過來推動(dòng)理論上的創(chuàng)新。

推薦文章2

發(fā)表時(shí)間：2022.3.14

●?題目：Need for Speed: The Impact of In-Process Delays on Customer Behavior in Online Retail

追求速度：流程中的延遲對(duì)客戶行為的影響

●?期刊：Operations Research

●?原文鏈接：https://doi.org/10.1287/opre.2022.2262

●?作者：Santiago Gallino, Nil Karacaoglu, Antonio Moreno

●?關(guān)鍵詞：in-process delays （過程中的延遲）? service operations（服務(wù)運(yùn)營(yíng)） ? online retail（在線零售） ? website speed（網(wǎng)站速度） ? abandonment（棄權(quán)）

●?摘要：

The impact of delays has been widely studied in various offline services. The focus of this study is online services, and we explore the impact of in-process delays—measured by website speed—on customer behavior. We leverage novel retail and website speed data to investigate how delays impact online sales and how customer sensitivity to in-process delays varies across the different stages of a customer’s shopping journey. We estimate sizable adverse effects of website slowdowns on online sales. Using threshold regression models, we show that customers exhibit diminishing sensitivity to increases in website slowdowns. Our results suggest that waiting times affect customer abandonment differently at different stages of the shopping journey. Customers are more sensitive to slowdowns at the checkout stage. Our findings have implications for website design decisions such as improving website speed at the checkout stage, selecting third-party content providers, and customizing the design of mobile and desktop channels. The paper’s results are especially relevant in the current regulatory environment with ongoing policy debates about net neutrality.

在各種各樣的離線服務(wù)中，我們已經(jīng)廣泛的研究了延遲的影響。本次研究的重點(diǎn)是在線服務(wù)，我們探討了”過程中“的延遲對(duì)顧客行為的影響（用網(wǎng)站速度來衡量）。我們利用新的零售網(wǎng)站的速度數(shù)據(jù)來探究”延遲“是如何影響在線銷售的，以及在顧客購(gòu)物的不同階段，他們對(duì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)延遲的敏感度是怎么變化的。我們的研究估計(jì)，網(wǎng)絡(luò)速度的減慢對(duì)于在線銷售有相當(dāng)大的不利影響。通過利用閾值回歸模型，我們表明，對(duì)于網(wǎng)站延遲速度的增加，顧客表現(xiàn)出來的敏感度是遞減的。我們的研究結(jié)果表明，在購(gòu)物旅程的不同階段，等待時(shí)間對(duì)于顧客放棄支付的影響是不同的，而顧客對(duì)于結(jié)賬階段時(shí)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)延遲更加敏感。我們的研究結(jié)果對(duì)于網(wǎng)站設(shè)計(jì)的決策會(huì)產(chǎn)生影響，比如設(shè)計(jì)者可以提高結(jié)賬階段時(shí)的網(wǎng)站運(yùn)行速度、選擇第三方內(nèi)容供應(yīng)商，以及定制移動(dòng)和桌面渠道的設(shè)計(jì)。尤其是在當(dāng)前關(guān)于網(wǎng)絡(luò)中立性政策爭(zhēng)議不斷的監(jiān)管環(huán)境中，我們的研究更有意義。

●?文章結(jié)構(gòu)：

●?點(diǎn)評(píng)：

本文聚焦于“網(wǎng)購(gòu)中網(wǎng)站的延遲時(shí)間和顧客交易”的關(guān)系展開探究。相比于上一篇文章復(fù)雜的推導(dǎo)和漂亮奇妙的法則，本文對(duì)于新手而言更加友好。只要具有基礎(chǔ)的統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)知識(shí)即可充分理解文章的內(nèi)涵。文章在選題方面發(fā)現(xiàn)了從前文獻(xiàn)中的gap，實(shí)現(xiàn)了對(duì)“延遲對(duì)在線零售服務(wù)影響”相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)的一些補(bǔ)充。非常適合用來下飯（×）和擴(kuò)展知識(shí)面。

推薦文章3

發(fā)表時(shí)間：2022.12.23

●?題目：Inventory Sharing for Perishable Products: Application to Platelet Inventory Management in Hospital Blood Banks

易腐產(chǎn)品的庫(kù)存共享：醫(yī)院血庫(kù)中的血小板庫(kù)存管理

●?期刊：Operations Research

●?原文鏈接：https://doi.org/10.1287/opre.2022.2410

●?作者：Can Zhang, Turgay Ayer, Chelsea C. White, Joy N. Bodeker， John D. Roback

●?關(guān)鍵詞：blood banks（血庫(kù)） ? platelets（血小板） ? perishable products （易腐爛產(chǎn)品）? transshipment （轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)）? value of inventory sharing（庫(kù)存共享的價(jià)值）

●?摘要：

Platelets are critical blood products. The management of platelet inventory is particularly challenging because of its perishable nature with a short shelf life. Motivated by a platelet inventory management problem at a two-location hospital system, we study how the wastage of platelets and, more broadly, perishable products can be reduced through inventory sharing. In particular, we consider a system with two locations and a single product (e.g., a two-hospital system sharing blood products, such as platelets). Each location faces a stochastic demand, and products can be transshipped from one location to the other after demand realization. At each location, products are issued in a first-in, first-out manner. Although the state of such a complex system consists of the inventory levels of different product ages at both locations, interestingly, we show that the direction of transshipment can be determined by simply comparing the age of the oldest products at each location after meeting demand. Based on this and other structural results, we then prove that a myopic transshipment policy is optimal for a special case motivated by our case study and serves as a lower bound on the optimal transshipment quantity for more general settings. Our analysis also sheds light on how inventory sharing affects the optimal inventory levels for perishable products. Because of its competitive performance and simplicity, our proposed myopic transshipment policy has been implemented by our partner hospital system, which led to a reduction of approximately 20% in platelet outdates.

血小板是重要的血液制品。然而由于血小板的保質(zhì)期短且易損壞，他的庫(kù)存管理特別具有挑戰(zhàn)性。在一個(gè)兩地醫(yī)院系統(tǒng)的血小板庫(kù)存管理問題的啟發(fā)下，我們研究了如何通過庫(kù)存共享減少血小板乃至更廣范圍內(nèi)的易腐產(chǎn)品的浪費(fèi)。特別是，我們考慮一個(gè)有兩個(gè)地點(diǎn)和單一產(chǎn)品的系統(tǒng)（例如，一個(gè)能夠共享血小板等血液產(chǎn)品的兩個(gè)醫(yī)院組成的系統(tǒng)）。每個(gè)地點(diǎn)面臨著的需求都是隨機(jī)的，而產(chǎn)品可以在需求實(shí)現(xiàn)后從一個(gè)地點(diǎn)轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)到另一個(gè)地點(diǎn)。在每個(gè)地點(diǎn)，產(chǎn)品以先入先出的方式發(fā)放。盡管這樣一個(gè)復(fù)雜系統(tǒng)的狀態(tài)是由兩個(gè)地點(diǎn)中產(chǎn)品年齡不同的庫(kù)存水平組成，但有趣的是，我們表明轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)的方向可以簡(jiǎn)單地通過比較滿足需求后每個(gè)地點(diǎn)最老產(chǎn)品的年齡來確定?；谶@一點(diǎn)和其他結(jié)構(gòu)性結(jié)果，我們隨后證明，在我們的案例研究所激發(fā)的一個(gè)特殊情況下，近視的轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)政策是最優(yōu)的，并且可以作為更普遍情況下最優(yōu)轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)數(shù)量的下限。我們的分析還揭示了庫(kù)存共享是如何影響易腐產(chǎn)品的最佳庫(kù)存水平的。由于我們提出的方案既簡(jiǎn)單又具有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力，我們提出的近視轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)政策目前已經(jīng)被我們的合作伙伴醫(yī)院系統(tǒng)實(shí)施，而實(shí)施后血小板過期率已降低了約20%。

●?文章結(jié)構(gòu)：

●?點(diǎn)評(píng)：

本文探究了兩地系統(tǒng)中對(duì)于易腐爛物品的庫(kù)存共享問題，并為之提供了可實(shí)施的轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)策略。不僅如此，文中的一些見解和發(fā)現(xiàn)也同樣具有重要的實(shí)際意義。比如在存儲(chǔ)易腐爛產(chǎn)品的時(shí)候，轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)應(yīng)該更頻繁地發(fā)生等等。在研究方法上，本文基于隨機(jī)過程建模，并因此推導(dǎo)出了最優(yōu)策略時(shí)的轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)方向、最佳轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)數(shù)量的上下限等性質(zhì)。如果有對(duì)于動(dòng)態(tài)庫(kù)存管理感興趣的朋友，歡迎閱讀此文。文章來源地址http://www.zghlxwxcb.cn/news/detail-409976.html

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