pip install pygame報(bào)錯(cuò)提示：

Microsoft Windows [版本 10.0.17763.3165]
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C:\Users\xxxxxxx>pip install pygame
Collecting pygame
Using cached pygame-2.1.2.tar.gz (10.1 MB)
Preparing metadata (setup.py) ... error
error: subprocess-exited-with-error
× python setup.py egg_info did not run successfully.
│ exit code: 1
╰─> [77 lines of output]
WARNING, No "Setup" File Exists, Running "buildconfig/config.py"
Using WINDOWS configuration...
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<string>", line 2, in <module>
File "<pip-setuptools-caller>", line 34, in <module>
File "C:\Users\xxxxxxx\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-zqq3q3ot\pygame_1748e02cad70437b8b99abf25c9b1b20\setup.py", line 359, in <module>
buildconfig.config.main(AUTO_CONFIG)
File "C:\Users\xxxxxxx\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-zqq3q3ot\pygame_1748e02cad70437b8b99abf25c9b1b20\buildconfig\config.py", line 225, in main
deps = CFG.main(**kwds)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "C:\Users\xxxxxxx\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-zqq3q3ot\pygame_1748e02cad70437b8b99abf25c9b1b20\buildconfig\config_win.py", line 511, in main
return setup_prebuilt_sdl2(prebuilt_dir)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "C:\Users\xxxxxxx\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-zqq3q3ot\pygame_1748e02cad70437b8b99abf25c9b1b20\buildconfig\config_win.py", line 471, in setup_prebuilt_sdl2
DEPS.configure()
File "C:\Users\xxxxxxx\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-zqq3q3ot\pygame_1748e02cad70437b8b99abf25c9b1b20\buildconfig\config_win.py", line 336, in configure
from . import vstools
File "C:\Users\xxxxxxx\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-zqq3q3ot\pygame_1748e02cad70437b8b99abf25c9b1b20\buildconfig\vstools.py", line 11, in <module>
compiler.initialize()
File "C:\Python311\Lib\site-packages\setuptools\_distutils\msvc9compiler.py", line 403, in initialize
vc_env = query_vcvarsall(VERSION, plat_spec)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "C:\Python311\Lib\site-packages\setuptools\_distutils\msvc9compiler.py", line 281, in query_vcvarsall
raise DistutilsPlatformError("Unable to find vcvarsall.bat")
distutils.errors.DistutilsPlatformError: Unable to find vcvarsall.bat
Making dir :prebuilt_downloads:
Downloading... https://www.libsdl.org/release/SDL2-devel-2.0.18-VC.zip ed561079ec622b0bab5a9e02976f5d540b0622da
Unzipping :prebuilt_downloads\SDL2-devel-2.0.18-VC.zip:
Downloading... https://www.libsdl.org/projects/SDL_image/release/SDL2_image-devel-2.0.5-VC.zip 137f86474691f4e12e76e07d58d5920c8d844d5b
Unzipping :prebuilt_downloads\SDL2_image-devel-2.0.5-VC.zip:
Downloading... https://www.libsdl.org/projects/SDL_ttf/release/SDL2_ttf-devel-2.0.15-VC.zip 1436df41ebc47ac36e02ec9bda5699e80ff9bd27
Unzipping :prebuilt_downloads\SDL2_ttf-devel-2.0.15-VC.zip:
Downloading... https://www.libsdl.org/projects/SDL_mixer/release/SDL2_mixer-devel-2.0.4-VC.zip 9097148f4529cf19f805ccd007618dec280f0ecc
Unzipping :prebuilt_downloads\SDL2_mixer-devel-2.0.4-VC.zip:
Downloading... https://www.pygame.org/ftp/jpegsr9d.zip ed10aa2b5a0fcfe74f8a6f7611aeb346b06a1f99
Unzipping :prebuilt_downloads\jpegsr9d.zip:
Downloading... https://pygame.org/ftp/prebuilt-x64-pygame-1.9.2-20150922.zip 3a5af3427b3aa13a0aaf5c4cb08daaed341613ed
Unzipping :prebuilt_downloads\prebuilt-x64-pygame-1.9.2-20150922.zip:
copying into .\prebuilt-x64
Path for SDL: prebuilt-x64\SDL2-2.0.18
...Library directory for SDL: prebuilt-x64/SDL2-2.0.18/lib/x64
...Include directory for SDL: prebuilt-x64/SDL2-2.0.18/include
Path for FONT: prebuilt-x64\SDL2_ttf-2.0.15
...Library directory for FONT: prebuilt-x64/SDL2_ttf-2.0.15/lib/x64
...Include directory for FONT: prebuilt-x64/SDL2_ttf-2.0.15/include
Path for IMAGE: prebuilt-x64\SDL2_image-2.0.5
...Library directory for IMAGE: prebuilt-x64/SDL2_image-2.0.5/lib/x64
...Include directory for IMAGE: prebuilt-x64/SDL2_image-2.0.5/include
Path for MIXER: prebuilt-x64\SDL2_mixer-2.0.4
...Library directory for MIXER: prebuilt-x64/SDL2_mixer-2.0.4/lib/x64
...Include directory for MIXER: prebuilt-x64/SDL2_mixer-2.0.4/include
Path for PORTMIDI: prebuilt-x64
...Library directory for PORTMIDI: prebuilt-x64/lib
...Include directory for PORTMIDI: prebuilt-x64/include
DLL for SDL2: prebuilt-x64/SDL2-2.0.18/lib/x64/SDL2.dll
DLL for SDL2_ttf: prebuilt-x64/SDL2_ttf-2.0.15/lib/x64/SDL2_ttf.dll
DLL for SDL2_image: prebuilt-x64/SDL2_image-2.0.5/lib/x64/SDL2_image.dll
DLL for SDL2_mixer: prebuilt-x64/SDL2_mixer-2.0.4/lib/x64/SDL2_mixer.dll
DLL for portmidi: prebuilt-x64/lib/portmidi.dll
Path for FREETYPE not found.
...Found include dir but no library dir in prebuilt-x64.
Path for PNG not found.
...Found include dir but no library dir in prebuilt-x64.
Path for JPEG not found.
...Found include dir but no library dir in prebuilt-x64.
DLL for freetype: prebuilt-x64/SDL2_ttf-2.0.15/lib/x64/libfreetype-6.dll
---
For help with compilation see:
https://www.pygame.org/wiki/CompileWindows
To contribute to pygame development see:
https://www.pygame.org/contribute.html
---
[end of output]
note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.
error: metadata-generation-failed
× Encountered error while generating package metadata.
╰─> See above for output.
note: This is an issue with the package mentioned above, not pip.
hint: See above for details.
WARNING: There was an error checking the latest version of pip.

解決方案：whl安裝

1. 下載pygame安裝包

下載地址：

https://www.lfd.uci.edu/~gohlke/pythonlibs/#pygame

我安裝的python版本3.11.1，win系統(tǒng)64位。

選擇對(duì)應(yīng)版本：pygame?2.1.2?cp311?cp311?win_amd64.whl

2. 將安裝包放到指定路徑后進(jìn)行安裝

C:\Users\xxxxxxx>Python -m pip install --user pygame-2.1.2-cp311-cp311-win_amd64.whl

問題原因和解決思路參考：
https://q.cnblogs.com/q/142229/
dll缺失是關(guān)鍵問題：
這類情況直接whl安裝，需要根據(jù)python版本選擇whl，比如：python3.11，選文件名包含cp311。

二進(jìn)制安裝方式參考：
http://c.biancheng.net/pygame/installer.html

安裝前置事項(xiàng)，重裝python（這步并非解決問題的關(guān)鍵，只是將前述操作做記錄）

1. 控制面板內(nèi)與python相關(guān)程序都卸載——?jiǎng)傞_始只卸載了python程序，后來發(fā)現(xiàn)還有一個(gè)python launcher的程序未卸載。

2. 選自定義安裝方式，安裝路徑：C:\Python311，將python放C盤根目錄。（多數(shù)軟件使用問題的通用解決思路）文章來源地址http://www.zghlxwxcb.cn/news/detail-407169.html

自定義安裝，參考： https://opentechschool.github.io/python-beginners/en/getting_started.html#what-is-python-exactly
Note
On Windows, you’ll want to add Python to your PATH, so it can be found by other programs. With Python 3.5 or later, there should be and option to do this in the installer. Otherwise, you can navigate to your installation directory (C:\Python34\), open the Tools, then Scripts folder, and run the win_add2path.py file by double clicking on it.