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前言
本篇文章是對單相逆變電路進(jìn)行實戰(zhàn)演練的一次項目，主要實現(xiàn)功能為：
直流電壓48V輸入，通過STM32F103C8T6單片機(jī)輸出SPWM波，通過IR2104S驅(qū)動模塊控制兩組對管的開關(guān)閉合，通過LCL濾波實現(xiàn)工頻正弦波的平滑輸出。額定輸出電壓為24V，額定輸出電流為2A，額定輸出功率為48W，適合對逆變電路感興趣的朋友實戰(zhàn)演練。
實物圖如下：
一、所需要的主要器件
1、STM32F103C8T6開發(fā)板一塊
2、0.96寸OLED屏幕一塊
3、IRF540N（MOSFET管）四個
4、1mh鐵鋁硅電感33MM
5、MKP電容10uf（圓柱形）
6、兩個IR2104驅(qū)動模塊
7、交流電計量模塊HLW8032
二、硬件電路圖
1.單相逆變主電路
主要原理為：HO3、LO3為IR2104S驅(qū)動模塊1驅(qū)動，HO2、LO2為IR2104S驅(qū)動模塊2驅(qū)動。在任一瞬間，HO3和LO3波形相反，HO2與LO2波形相反，且HO3和HO2波形相反。即整體電路只對應(yīng)兩種工作狀態(tài)：
第一種工作狀態(tài)為：直流電流通過Q1mos管流經(jīng)L6，負(fù)載L3再流經(jīng)Q4最終到達(dá)地，在這一工作狀態(tài)里，若負(fù)載上端視為電壓正極，則負(fù)載上會加上一個正向的電壓，也即處于正弦波的正半周期。
第二種工作狀態(tài)為：直流電流通過Q3mos管流經(jīng)L3，負(fù)載L6再流經(jīng)Q2最終到達(dá)地，在這一工作狀態(tài)里，若負(fù)載上端視為電壓正極，則負(fù)載上會加上一個反向的電壓，也即處于正弦波的負(fù)半周期。
2.繼電器過流過壓保護(hù)
CTRL為單片機(jī)控制繼電器開關(guān)閉合的信號，I+和I-分別連至逆變電路的輸出和負(fù)載的上端。若CTRL給低電平，9013關(guān)閉，繼電器磁鐵不吸合，I+和I-處于連接狀態(tài)。若CTRL給高電平，則9013導(dǎo)通，繼電器磁鐵吸合，I-和FLOAT處于連接狀態(tài)，電路輸出浮空，起到保護(hù)作用。
3.輔助電源供電
12V電源適配器輸入，通過7805降壓至5V，給單片機(jī)和總體供電。
4.IR2104驅(qū)動
芯片輸入口主要有四個信號，一個是12V的供電信號，一個是PWM的驅(qū)動信號，一個是5V的芯片使能信號，另外一個是數(shù)字地。輸出口同樣有四個信號，分別為HO，VS，LO和模擬地。本驅(qū)動的功能是，輸入一路PWM信號，在HO和LO口得到互補(bǔ)的PWM波，VS接在對管MOSFET的中間，即上管的S端和下管的D端，利用自舉驅(qū)動原理驅(qū)動上管開關(guān)閉合。
三、軟件流程圖
1.Visio流程圖
2.主函數(shù)
代碼如下（示例）：
/*
STM32F103C8T6
iic通信0.96寸OLED顯示屏；顯示中英文、數(shù)字、圖片
18B20溫度傳感器
HC-SR04超聲波傳感器
OLED接線定義:
VCC--3.3V/5V
GND--GND
SCL--PB8
SDA--PB9
*/
#include "stm32f10x.h"
#include <stdbool.h>
#include "string.h"
#include "sys.h"
#include "delay.h"
#include "oled.h"
#include "stdio.h"
#include "timer.h"
#include "usart.h"
#include "usart2.h"
#include "led.h"
#include "show.h"
#include "main.h"
#include "pid.h"
#include "key.h"
float jiaozheng=1.0023f;
/*電能數(shù)據(jù)采集參量設(shè)置*/
extern u32 Voltage_Parameter_Reg,Voltage_Reg,Current_Reg,Current_Parameter_Reg,Power_Parameter_Reg,Power_Reg;
extern u8 Data_Updata_Reg;
extern u16 PF_Reg;
float ACVotage,ACCurrent,ActivePower,ApparentPower,PowerFactor,ElectricEnergy;
u8 Pre_Data_Updata_Reg;
u16 UpdataCount;
u32 PFCount,PF_OneDegree;
u8 buf[5]={11,12,12,12,12};
/*實際電路運行中需要用到的一些電路參數(shù)*/
u8 gonglv_status=1; //功率狀態(tài)標(biāo)志位，為1時是額定48W輸出，為2時是額定24W輸出，為3時是額定12W輸出
u8 dianya_status=1; //電壓狀態(tài)標(biāo)志位，為1時是調(diào)節(jié)整數(shù)位輸出，為2時是調(diào)節(jié)小數(shù)位輸出
u8 work_mode=0; //工作模式為0，代表啟動界面;工作模式為1，代表模式選擇界面;
u8 mode_status=1; //=1代表指向額定電壓輸出，=2代表指向額定功率輸出，=3代表指向初始啟動界面
u8 key_value=0; //按鍵鍵值，1-4分別代表control，choice，add，reduce
float duty=1000.0f; //逆變電路的調(diào)制系數(shù)
float AC_Target=240.0f; //逆變電路輸出目標(biāo)值
float gonglv_Target=232.0f; //功率追蹤位
float PID_flag=0; //PID使能控制位
float kp_v=0.04; //P環(huán)調(diào)節(jié)系數(shù)
float kp_p=0.04;
float dianzu=11.20f;
/*第一次進(jìn)入界面使能*/
u8 mode_1=0;
u8 mode_2=0;
u8 mode_3=0;
u8 mode_4=0;
int main(void)
{
u16 i=0;
u8 x=0,y=0;
NVIC_PriorityGroupConfig(NVIC_PriorityGroup_2);//設(shè)置中斷優(yōu)先級分組為組2：2位搶占優(yōu)先級，2位響應(yīng)優(yōu)先級
delay_init(); //延時
uart_init(9600); //串口初始化
uart2_init(4800); //串口初始化為115200
TIM3_Int_Init(3600-1,1-1);//10KHZ
TIM4_Int_Init(3600-1,2-1);//10KHZ
BOOST_PWM_Init();
LED_Init(); //LED初始化
KEY_Init();
init_PID(); //初始化PID參數(shù)
OLED_Init(); //初始化OLED
OLED_Clear();
loop:
GPIO_SetBits(GPIOB,GPIO_Pin_5); //關(guān)閉繼電器
qidong_view();
TIM_Cmd(TIM1,DISABLE);
PID_flag=0;
duty=0;
AC_Target=240.0f;
while(1)
{
key_value=KEY_Scan(0);
if(key_value==1)
{
work_mode=1;
TIM_Cmd(TIM1,ENABLE);
GPIO_ResetBits(GPIOB,GPIO_Pin_5);
for(i=1;i<=1000;i++)
{
duty=i;
delay_ms(1);
}
break;
}
}
choice_view();
while(1)
{
key_value=KEY_Scan(0);//掃描鍵值
/*選擇初始界面函數(shù)*/
if(work_mode==0)
{
goto loop;
}
/*選擇界面處理函數(shù)*/
else if(work_mode==1)
{
if(mode_1==0)choice_view(),mode_1=1,PID_flag=0,duty=600;
if(key_value==2)
{
mode_status+=1;
if(mode_status==4)
{
mode_status=1;
}
}
else if(key_value==1)
{
mode_1=0;
if(mode_status==1)work_mode=2;
else if(mode_status==2)work_mode=3;
else if(mode_status==3)work_mode=0;
}
if(mode_status==1)
{
OLED_ShowString(90,2,"<-",16);
OLED_ShowString(90,4," ",16);
OLED_ShowString(90,6," ",16);
}
else if(mode_status==2)
{
OLED_ShowString(90,2," ",16);
OLED_ShowString(90,4,"<-",16);
OLED_ShowString(90,6," ",16);
}
else if(mode_status==3)
{
OLED_ShowString(90,2," ",16);
OLED_ShowString(90,4," ",16);
OLED_ShowString(90,6,"<-",16);
}
}
/*選擇電壓界面處理函數(shù)*/
else if(work_mode==2)
{
if(mode_2==0)dianya_view(),mode_2=1;
if(key_value==2)
{
dianya_status+=1;
if(dianya_status==3)
{
dianya_status=1;
}
}
else if(key_value==1)
{
mode_2=0;
PID_flag=1;
work_mode=4;
}
else if(key_value==4&&dianya_status==1)
{
AC_Target+=10;
}
else if(key_value==4&&dianya_status==2)
{
AC_Target+=1;
}
else if(key_value==3&&dianya_status==1)
{
AC_Target-=10;
}
else if(key_value==3&&dianya_status==2)
{
AC_Target-=1;
}
if(dianya_status==1)
{
OLED_ShowString(90,2,"<-",16);
OLED_ShowString(90,4," ",16);
}
else if(dianya_status==2)
{
OLED_ShowString(90,2," ",16);
OLED_ShowString(90,4,"<-",16);
}
OLED_ShowNum(56,2,(int)AC_Target/10,2,16);
OLED_ShowNum(56,4,(int)AC_Target%10,1,16);
OLED_ShowNum(56,6,(int)AC_Target/10,2,16);OLED_ShowNum(80,6,(int)AC_Target%10,1,16);
}
/*選擇功率界面處理函數(shù)*/
else if(work_mode==3)
{
if(mode_3==0)gonglv_view(),mode_3=1;
if(key_value==2)
{
gonglv_status+=1;
// if(gonglv_status==3)
// {
// gonglv_status=1;
// }
if(gonglv_status==4)
{
gonglv_status=1;
}
}
else if(key_value==1)
{
mode_3=0;
PID_flag=1;
work_mode=4;
if(gonglv_status==1)gonglv_Target=232.0f;
else if(gonglv_status==2)gonglv_Target=164.0f;
else if(gonglv_status==3)gonglv_Target=116.0f;
}
// else if(key_value==4&&gonglv_status==1)
// {
// gonglv_Target+=10;
// }
// else if(key_value==4&&gonglv_status==2)
// {
// gonglv_Target+=1;
// }
// else if(key_value==3&&gonglv_status==1)
// {
// gonglv_Target-=10;
// }
// else if(key_value==3&&gonglv_status==2)
// {
// gonglv_Target-=1;
// }
// if(gonglv_status==1)
// {
// OLED_ShowString(90,2,"<-",16);
// OLED_ShowString(90,4," ",16);
// }
// else if(gonglv_status==2)
// {
// OLED_ShowString(90,2," ",16);
// OLED_ShowString(90,4,"<-",16);
// }
// OLED_ShowNum(56,2,(int)gonglv_Target/10,2,16);
// OLED_ShowNum(56,4,(int)gonglv_Target%10,1,16);
// OLED_ShowNum(56,6,(int)gonglv_Target/10,2,16);OLED_ShowNum(80,6,(int)gonglv_Target%10,1,16);
if(gonglv_status==1)
{
OLED_ShowString(90,2,"<-",16);
OLED_ShowString(90,4," ",16);
OLED_ShowString(90,6," ",16);
}
else if(gonglv_status==2)
{
OLED_ShowString(90,2," ",16);
OLED_ShowString(90,4,"<-",16);
OLED_ShowString(90,6," ",16);
}
else if(gonglv_status==3)
{
OLED_ShowString(90,2," ",16);
OLED_ShowString(90,4," ",16);
OLED_ShowString(90,6,"<-",16);
}
}
/*參數(shù)選擇界面*/
else if(work_mode==4)
{
if(mode_4==0)canshu_view(),mode_4=1;
if(key_value==1)
{
mode_4=0;
PID_flag=0;
work_mode=1;
}
/*顯示電壓電流數(shù)據(jù)*/
OLED_ShowNum(40,0,(u32)(ACVotage*100)/100,2,16);
OLED_ShowNum(64,0,(u32)(ACVotage*100)%100,2,16);
OLED_ShowNum(40,2,(u32)(ACCurrent*100)/100,2,16);
OLED_ShowNum(64,2,(u32)(ACCurrent*100)%100,2,16);
OLED_ShowNum(40,4,(u32)(ApparentPower*10)/10,3,16);
OLED_ShowNum(72,4,(u32)(ApparentPower*10)%10,1,16);
}
ACVotage=(Voltage_Parameter_Reg*1.88/Voltage_Reg)*jiaozheng;//電壓有效值
if(ACVotage<=2)
ACVotage=0;
ACCurrent=(Current_Parameter_Reg*1.0/Current_Reg)*0.4893;//電流有效值
if(ACCurrent<0.1)//無電壓時電壓又飄移
{
ACCurrent=0;
ApparentPower=0;
ActivePower=0;
PowerFactor=0;
}
if(ACVotage>2&&ACCurrent>0.1)//空載時電流有飄移
{
ApparentPower=ACVotage*ACCurrent;//視在功率
ActivePower=Power_Parameter_Reg*1.88/Power_Reg;//有功功率
PowerFactor=ActivePower/ApparentPower;//功率因數(shù)
}
printf ("電壓有效值：%f\r\n",ACVotage);
printf ("電流有效值：%f\r\n",ACCurrent);
printf ("視在功率：%f\r\n",ApparentPower);
printf ("有功功率：%f\r\n",ActivePower);
printf ("功率因數(shù)：%f\r\n",PowerFactor);
if(Pre_Data_Updata_Reg!=(Data_Updata_Reg&0x80))
{
UpdataCount++;
Pre_Data_Updata_Reg=Data_Updata_Reg&0x80;
}
PFCount=UpdataCount*65536+PF_Reg;//脈沖信號個數(shù)
PF_OneDegree=1000000000/Power_Parameter_Reg;
PF_OneDegree=PF_OneDegree*3600/1.88;//1度電對應(yīng)的脈沖個數(shù)；
ElectricEnergy=(float)PFCount/(float)PF_OneDegree;//電能
printf ("電能：%f\r\n",ElectricEnergy);
delay_ms(50);
}
主代碼里面主要是對于界面的顯示和模式的切換，以及處理交流電壓和交流電流等參數(shù)數(shù)據(jù)。
3.定時器中斷函數(shù)
#include "timer.h"
#include "inverter.h"
#include "main.h"
#include "pid.h"
#include "usart.h"
#include "string.h"
#define BOOST_TIMx TIM1
#define BOOST_Plus 0//初始化占空比為0.5%，高電平有效時的低電平占空比
#define BOOST_ARR (3600-1)//重裝載值1000
#define BOOST_PSC (1-1)//分頻系數(shù)2
void BOOST_PWM_Init(void)//boost電路輸出互補(bǔ)PWM波形（PA8、PB13)
{
GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStructure;
TIM_TimeBaseInitTypeDef TIM_TimeBaseInitStruct;
TIM_BDTRInitTypeDef TIM_BDTRInitStruct;
TIM_OCInitTypeDef TIM_OCInitStruct;
RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOA|RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOB|RCC_APB2Periph_AFIO,ENABLE); //使能PORTA,B時鐘
RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_TIM1,ENABLE);
//初始化GPIO,PA8
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode=GPIO_Mode_AF_PP;//端口復(fù)用
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin=GPIO_Pin_8;
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed=GPIO_Speed_50MHz;
GPIO_Init(GPIOA,&GPIO_InitStructure); //PA8
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin=GPIO_Pin_13;
GPIO_Init(GPIOB,&GPIO_InitStructure);//PB13
//初始化時具單元
TIM_DeInit(BOOST_TIMx);
TIM_TimeBaseInitStruct.TIM_ClockDivision=0;
TIM_TimeBaseInitStruct.TIM_CounterMode=TIM_CounterMode_Up;
TIM_TimeBaseInitStruct.TIM_Period=BOOST_ARR;
TIM_TimeBaseInitStruct.TIM_Prescaler=BOOST_PSC;
TIM_TimeBaseInit(BOOST_TIMx,&TIM_TimeBaseInitStruct);
//將輸出通道2初始化為PWM模式1
TIM_OCInitStruct.TIM_OCMode=TIM_OCMode_PWM1;
TIM_OCInitStruct.TIM_OutputState=TIM_OutputState_Enable;
TIM_OCInitStruct.TIM_OutputNState=TIM_OutputNState_Enable;
TIM_OCInitStruct.TIM_OCPolarity=TIM_OCPolarity_High;
TIM_OCInitStruct.TIM_OCNPolarity=TIM_OCNPolarity_High;
TIM_OCInitStruct.TIM_OCIdleState=TIM_OCIdleState_Set;
TIM_OCInitStruct.TIM_OCNIdleState=TIM_OCNIdleState_Reset;
TIM_OCInitStruct.TIM_Pulse=BOOST_Plus;
TIM_OC1Init(BOOST_TIMx,&TIM_OCInitStruct);
//使能預(yù)裝載寄存器
TIM_OC1PreloadConfig(BOOST_TIMx,TIM_OCPreload_Enable);
//死區(qū)和剎車功能配置
TIM_BDTRInitStruct.TIM_OSSIState=TIM_OSSIState_Disable;
TIM_BDTRInitStruct.TIM_OSSRState=TIM_OSSRState_Disable;
TIM_BDTRInitStruct.TIM_LOCKLevel=TIM_LOCKLevel_1;
TIM_BDTRInitStruct.TIM_DeadTime=0; //40.92ns
TIM_BDTRInitStruct.TIM_BreakPolarity=TIM_BreakPolarity_Low;
TIM_BDTRInitStruct.TIM_Break=TIM_Break_Disable;
TIM_BDTRInitStruct.TIM_AutomaticOutput=TIM_AutomaticOutput_Enable;
TIM_BDTRConfig(BOOST_TIMx,&TIM_BDTRInitStruct);
//使能自動重裝載
TIM_ARRPreloadConfig(BOOST_TIMx,ENABLE);
//開啟定時器
TIM_Cmd(BOOST_TIMx,DISABLE);
//主輸出使能
TIM_CtrlPWMOutputs(BOOST_TIMx,ENABLE);
}
//定時器7中斷服務(wù)程序
void TIM2_IRQHandler(void)
{
if (TIM_GetITStatus(TIM2, TIM_IT_Update) != RESET)//是更新中斷
{
TIM_ClearITPendingBit(TIM2, TIM_IT_Update ); //清除TIM7更新中斷標(biāo)志
TIM_Cmd(TIM2, DISABLE); //關(guān)閉TIM7
}
}
void TIM2_Int_Init(u16 arr,u16 psc)
{
NVIC_InitTypeDef NVIC_InitStructure;
TIM_TimeBaseInitTypeDef TIM_TimeBaseStructure;
RCC_APB1PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB1Periph_TIM2, ENABLE);//TIM7時鐘使能
//定時器TIM7初始化
TIM_TimeBaseStructure.TIM_Period = arr; //設(shè)置在下一個更新事件裝入活動的自動重裝載寄存器周期的值
TIM_TimeBaseStructure.TIM_Prescaler =psc; //設(shè)置用來作為TIMx時鐘頻率除數(shù)的預(yù)分頻值
TIM_TimeBaseStructure.TIM_ClockDivision = TIM_CKD_DIV1; //設(shè)置時鐘分割:TDTS = Tck_tim
TIM_TimeBaseStructure.TIM_CounterMode = TIM_CounterMode_Up; //TIM向上計數(shù)模式
TIM_TimeBaseInit(TIM2, &TIM_TimeBaseStructure); //根據(jù)指定的參數(shù)初始化TIMx的時間基數(shù)單位
TIM_ITConfig(TIM2,TIM_IT_Update,ENABLE ); //使能指定的TIM7中斷,允許更新中斷
TIM_Cmd(TIM2,ENABLE);//開啟定時器7
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannel = TIM2_IRQn;
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelPreemptionPriority=0 ;//搶占優(yōu)先級0
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelSubPriority = 2; //子優(yōu)先級2
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelCmd = ENABLE; //IRQ通道使能
NVIC_Init(&NVIC_InitStructure); //根據(jù)指定的參數(shù)初始化VIC寄存器
}
void TIM3_IRQHandler(void)
{
static u16 jishu=0;
if (TIM_GetITStatus(TIM3, TIM_IT_Update) != RESET)//是更新中斷
{
inverter_spwm();
if(jishu==400)
{
jishu=0;
if(PID_flag==1)
{
if(mode_status==1)duty=PID_X(ACVotage*10,AC_Target,kp_v,2,1200);
else if(mode_status==2)duty=PID_X(ACVotage*10,gonglv_Target,kp_p,2,1200);
//else if(mode_status==2)duty=PID_X(ACVotage*10,sqrt((gonglv_Target/10)*11.2)*10,kp_p,2,1200);
}
}
jishu++;
TIM_ClearITPendingBit(TIM3, TIM_IT_Update ); //清除TIM7更新中斷標(biāo)志
}
}
void TIM3_Int_Init(u16 arr,u16 psc)
{
NVIC_InitTypeDef NVIC_InitStructure;
TIM_TimeBaseInitTypeDef TIM_TimeBaseStructure;
RCC_APB1PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB1Periph_TIM3, ENABLE);//TIM3時鐘使能
//定時器TIM7初始化
TIM_TimeBaseStructure.TIM_Period = arr; //設(shè)置在下一個更新事件裝入活動的自動重裝載寄存器周期的值
TIM_TimeBaseStructure.TIM_Prescaler =psc; //設(shè)置用來作為TIMx時鐘頻率除數(shù)的預(yù)分頻值
TIM_TimeBaseStructure.TIM_ClockDivision = TIM_CKD_DIV1; //設(shè)置時鐘分割:TDTS = Tck_tim
TIM_TimeBaseStructure.TIM_CounterMode = TIM_CounterMode_Up; //TIM向上計數(shù)模式
TIM_TimeBaseInit(TIM3, &TIM_TimeBaseStructure); //根據(jù)指定的參數(shù)初始化TIMx的時間基數(shù)單位
TIM_ITConfig(TIM3,TIM_IT_Update,ENABLE ); //使能指定的TIM3中斷,允許更新中斷
TIM_Cmd(TIM3,ENABLE);//開啟定時器3
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannel = TIM3_IRQn;
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelPreemptionPriority=0 ;//搶占優(yōu)先級0
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelSubPriority = 3; //子優(yōu)先級3
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelCmd = ENABLE; //IRQ通道使能
NVIC_Init(&NVIC_InitStructure); //根據(jù)指定的參數(shù)初始化VIC寄存器
}
void TIM4_IRQHandler(void)
{
if (TIM_GetITStatus(TIM4, TIM_IT_Update) != RESET)//是更新中斷
{
TIM_ClearITPendingBit(TIM4, TIM_IT_Update ); //清除TIM7更新中斷標(biāo)志
}
}
void TIM4_Int_Init(u16 arr,u16 psc)
{
NVIC_InitTypeDef NVIC_InitStructure;
TIM_TimeBaseInitTypeDef TIM_TimeBaseStructure;
RCC_APB1PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB1Periph_TIM4, ENABLE);//TIM3時鐘使能
//定時器TIM7初始化
TIM_TimeBaseStructure.TIM_Period = arr; //設(shè)置在下一個更新事件裝入活動的自動重裝載寄存器周期的值
TIM_TimeBaseStructure.TIM_Prescaler =psc; //設(shè)置用來作為TIMx時鐘頻率除數(shù)的預(yù)分頻值
TIM_TimeBaseStructure.TIM_ClockDivision = TIM_CKD_DIV1; //設(shè)置時鐘分割:TDTS = Tck_tim
TIM_TimeBaseStructure.TIM_CounterMode = TIM_CounterMode_Up; //TIM向上計數(shù)模式
TIM_TimeBaseInit(TIM4, &TIM_TimeBaseStructure); //根據(jù)指定的參數(shù)初始化TIMx的時間基數(shù)單位
TIM_ITConfig(TIM4,TIM_IT_Update,ENABLE ); //使能指定的TIM3中斷,允許更新中斷
TIM_Cmd(TIM4,ENABLE);//開啟定時器3
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannel = TIM4_IRQn;
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelPreemptionPriority=1 ;//搶占優(yōu)先級0
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelSubPriority = 3; //子優(yōu)先級3
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelCmd = ENABLE; //IRQ通道使能
NVIC_Init(&NVIC_InitStructure); //根據(jù)指定的參數(shù)初始化VIC寄存器
}
/*選擇通道函數(shù)*/
void set_pwm(TIM_TypeDef* TIMx,u8 chx,u16 prec,u16 up)
{
//判斷輸入?yún)?shù)是否正確
if(chx<1||chx>4)
return;
if(prec>up)
prec=up;
//根據(jù)輸入的通道設(shè)置PWM占空比
switch(chx)
{
case 1:TIM_SetCompare1(TIMx,prec);break;
case 2:TIM_SetCompare2(TIMx,prec);break;
case 3:TIM_SetCompare3(TIMx,prec);break;
case 4:TIM_SetCompare4(TIMx,prec);break;
}
}
定時器一主要是用來輸出互補(bǔ)的PWM波，定時器二和定時器四無明顯作用，定時器三主要是控制SPWM波的生成以及進(jìn)行PID運算。定時器三時鐘頻率為20KHz，在其中斷里面定義了一個暫態(tài)變量，每進(jìn)入400次中斷循環(huán)復(fù)位一次，這樣沒執(zhí)行一次中斷改變一次PWM的占空比，即可實現(xiàn)SPWM波的生成。PID由于我們的信號采集模塊每隔50ms發(fā)一次數(shù)據(jù)，所以選擇50Hz的頻率進(jìn)行一次PID的運算。
4.逆變器SPWM函數(shù)
#include "inverter.h"
#include "timer.h"
#include "main.h"
#define length 400
u16 sinData[length]=
{
1800,1821,1842,1864,1885,1906,1927,1949,1970,1991,2012,2033,2054,2075,2096,2117,
2137,2158,2179,2199,2219,2240,2260,2280,2300,2320,2339,2359,2378,2397,2416,2435,
2454,2473,2491,2510,2528,2546,2563,2581,2598,2615,2632,2649,2666,2682,2698,2714,
2730,2745,2760,2775,2790,2805,2819,2833,2847,2860,2873,2886,2899,2911,2924,2935,
2947,2958,2969,2980,2990,3001,3010,3020,3029,3038,3047,3055,3063,3071,3078,3085,
3092,3098,3105,3110,3116,3121,3126,3130,3134,3138,3142,3145,3148,3150,3152,3154,
3156,3157,3158,3158,3159,3158,3158,3157,3156,3154,3152,3150,3148,3145,3142,3138,
3134,3130,3126,3121,3116,3110,3105,3098,3092,3085,3078,3071,3063,3055,3047,3038,
3029,3020,3010,3001,2990,2980,2969,2958,2947,2935,2924,2911,2899,2886,2873,2860,
2847,2833,2819,2805,2790,2775,2760,2745,2730,2714,2698,2682,2666,2649,2632,2615,
2598,2581,2563,2546,2528,2510,2491,2473,2454,2435,2416,2397,2378,2359,2339,2320,
2300,2280,2260,2240,2219,2199,2179,2158,2137,2117,2096,2075,2054,2033,2012,1991,
1970,1949,1927,1906,1885,1864,1842,1821,1800,1778,1757,1735,1714,1693,1672,1650,
1629,1608,1587,1566,1545,1524,1503,1482,1462,1441,1420,1400,1380,1359,1339,1319,
1299,1279,1260,1240,1221,1202,1183,1164,1145,1126,1108,1089,1071,1053,1036,1018,
1001,984,967,950,933,917,901,885,869,854,839,824,809,794,780,766,
752,739,726,713,700,688,675,664,652,641,630,619,609,598,589,579,
570,561,552,544,536,528,521,514,507,501,494,489,483,478,473,469,
465,461,457,454,451,449,447,445,443,442,441,441,441,441,441,442,
443,445,447,449,451,454,457,461,465,469,473,478,483,489,494,501,
507,514,521,528,536,544,552,561,570,579,589,598,609,619,630,641,
652,664,675,688,700,713,726,739,752,766,780,794,809,824,839,854,
869,885,901,917,933,950,967,984,1001,1018,1036,1053,1071,1089,1108,1126,
1145,1164,1183,1202,1221,1240,1260,1279,1299,1319,1339,1359,1380,1400,1420,1441,
1462,1482,1503,1524,1545,1566,1587,1608,1629,1650,1672,1693,1714,1735,1757,1778
};
void inverter_spwm(void)
{
static u16 spwm_count=0;
set_pwm(TIM1,1,(u16)((sinData[spwm_count%length]-1800)*duty/1000+1800),3500);
spwm_count++;
if(spwm_count>=400)spwm_count=0;
}
如上圖所示，想要實現(xiàn)SPWM波的效果我們就得讓PWM波模擬出SPWM波的效果，由于我們單片機(jī)不能產(chǎn)生負(fù)壓信號，所以我們在此處假定PWM波輸出占空比為50%的時候，等同于輸出電壓0V。原理也在于，如果占空比為50%時，那么正壓和負(fù)壓加在負(fù)載上的功率一致，相互抵消最終宏觀上顯現(xiàn)的就是0V的電壓。占空比大于50%時，相當(dāng)于輸出正壓，小于50%時相當(dāng)于輸出負(fù)壓。因此只需讓PWM波以50%占空比為原點，讓其按照正弦規(guī)律變化即刻，比如從50%一直升到90%，然后再從90%緩慢降到10%，再升到50%由此就實現(xiàn)了一個正弦規(guī)律的變化，在此處還設(shè)置了調(diào)制系數(shù)，通過控制調(diào)制系數(shù)的大小，可以改變超出50%和低于50%占空比的占空比大小。比如若之前設(shè)定為最高75%占空比輸出，最低25%輸出，改變調(diào)制系數(shù)的大小，使其最高輸出90%占空比，最低10%占空比，這樣輸出的交流電壓幅值就會高。
而改變調(diào)制系數(shù)也不能直接乘以我們數(shù)組里面的占空比，由于我們設(shè)置的重裝載值是3600，對應(yīng)的最大占空就為100%，因此以1800為中心點進(jìn)行正弦規(guī)律變化。想要改變上下幅值大小，首先將數(shù)組里面執(zhí)行的當(dāng)前值減去1800，然后再乘以調(diào)制系數(shù)，最終再加上一個1800就能得到相對于50%占空比的幅值倍增而不是整體倍增。大家畫畫圖就可以理解了。
四、實物調(diào)試圖片
1、額定電壓輸出24V
2、額定電壓輸出16V
3、額定電壓輸出8V
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總結(jié)
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